scholarly journals The effects of overstocking Holstein dairy cattle during the dry period on cortisol secretion and energy metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 4421-4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Huzzey ◽  
D.V. Nydam ◽  
R.J. Grant ◽  
T.R. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Dry Period Management and Optimization of Post-Partum Reproductive Management in Dairy Cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gumen ◽  
A Keskin ◽  
G Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
E Karakaya ◽  
MC Wiltbank
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Reproductive Management

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress during the early and late dry period on mammary gland development of Holstein dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 8576-8586
Author(s):  
Thiago F. Fabris ◽  
Jimena Laporta ◽  
Amy L. Skibiel ◽  
Bethany Dado-Senn ◽  
Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Expression of mitochondrial protein genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes correlate with energy metabolism in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigme Dorji ◽  
Christy J. Vander Jagt ◽  
Josie B. Garner ◽  
Leah C. Marett ◽  
Brett Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Cellular Energy Metabolism ◽  
Differential Gene

Abstract Background Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been implicated in mitochondrial disease, often characterised by impaired cellular energy metabolism. Cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria involves mitochondrial proteins (MPs) from both the nuclear ( Nu MP) and mitochondrial ( Mt MP) genomes. The expression of MP genes in tissues may be tissue specific to meet varying specific energy demands across the tissues. Currently, the characteristics of MP gene expression in tissues of dairy cattle are not well understood. In this study, we profile the expression of MP genes in 29 adult and six foetal tissues in dairy cattle using RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses: particularly differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses. Results MP genes were differentially expressed (DE; over-expressed or under-expressed) across tissues in cattle. All 29 tissues showed DE Nu MP genes in varying proportions of over-expression and under-expression. On the other hand, DE of Mt MP genes was observed in <50% of tissues and notably Mt MP genes within a tissue was either all over-expressed or all under-expressed . A high proportion of Nu MP (up to 60%) and Mt MP (up to 100%) genes were over-expressed in tissues with expected high metabolic demand; heart, skeletal muscles and tongue, and under-expressed (up to 45% of Nu MP, 77% of Mt MP genes) in tissues with expected low metabolic rates; leukocytes, thymus, and lymph nodes. These tissues also invariably had the expression of all Mt MP genes in the direction of dominant Nu MP genes expression. The Nu MP and Mt MP genes were highly co-expressed across tissues and co-expression of genes in a cluster were non-random and functionally enriched for energy generation pathways. The differential gene expression and co-expression patterns were validated in independent cow and sheep datasets. Conclusions This study demonstrated the biological interaction of MP genes from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and their over-expression in tissues with high energy demand. This highlights the importance of considering MP genes from both genomes in future studies related to mitochondrial functions and traits related to energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Expression of mitochondrial protein genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes correlate with energy metabolism in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigme Dorji ◽  
Christy J. Vander Jagt ◽  
Josie B. Garner ◽  
Leah C. Marett ◽  
Brett Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Cellular Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Differential Gene

Abstract Background Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been implicated in mitochondrial disease, often characterized by impaired cellular energy metabolism. Cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria involves mitochondrial proteins (MP) from both the nuclear (NuMP) and mitochondrial (MtMP) genomes. The expression of MP genes in tissues may be tissue specific to meet varying specific energy demands across the tissues. Currently, the characteristics of MP gene expression in tissues of dairy cattle are not well understood. In this study, we profile the expression of MP genes in 29 adult and six foetal tissues in dairy cattle using RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses: particularly differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses.Results MP genes were differentially expressed (DE; over-expressed or under-expressed) across tissues in cattle. All 29 tissues showed DE NuMP genes in varying proportions of over-expression and under-expression. On the other hand, DE of MtMP genes was observed in <50% of tissues and notably MtMP genes within a tissue was either all over-expressed or all under-expressed. A high proportion of NuMP (up to 60%) and MtMP ( up to 100%) genes were over-expressed in tissues with expected high metabolic demand; heart, skeletal muscles and tongue, and under-expressed (up to 45% of NuMP, 77% of MtMP genes) in tissues with expected low metabolic rates; leukocytes, thymus, and lymph nodes. These tissues also invariably had the expression of all MtMP genes in the direction of dominant NuMP genes expression. The NuMP and MtMP genes were highly co-expressed across tissues and co-expression of genes in a cluster were non-random and functionally enriched for energy generation pathway. The differential gene expression and co-expression patterns were validated in independent cow and sheep datasets.Conclusions The results of this study support the concept that there are biological interaction of MP genes from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes given their over-expression in tissues with high energy demand and co-expression in tissues. This highlights the importance of considering MP genes from both genomes in future studies related to mitochondrial functions and traits related to energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Autumn Low Milk Yield Syndrome in High Genetic Merit Dairy Cattle: The Possible Role of a Dysregulated Innate Immune Response

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Massimo Amadori ◽  
Chiara Spelta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Genetic Merit

The analysis of milk yield data shows that high genetic merit dairy cows do not express their full production potential in autumn. Therefore, we focused on metabolic stress and inflammatory response in the dry and peripartum periods as possible causes thereof. It was our understanding that some cows could not cope with the stress imposed by their physiological and productive status by means of adequate adaptation strategies. Accordingly, this study highlights the noxious factors with a potential to affect cows in the above transition period: hot summer climate, adverse genetic traits, poor coping with unfavorable environmental conditions, outright production diseases and consequences thereof. In particular, the detrimental effects in the dry period of overcrowding, photoperiod change and heat stress on mammary gland development and milk production are highlighted in the context of the autumn low milk yield syndrome. The latter could be largely accounted for by a “memory” effect on the innate immune system induced in summer by diverse stressors after dry-off, according to strong circumstantial and indirect experimental evidence. The “memory” effect is based on distinct epigenetic changes of innate immunity genes, as already shown in cases of bovine mastitis. Following a primary stimulation, the innate immune system would be able to achieve a state known as “trained immunity”, a sort of “education” which modifies the response to the same or similar stressors upon a subsequent exposure. In our scenario, the “education” of the innate immune system would induce a major shift in the metabolism of inflammatory cells following their reprogramming. This would entail a higher basal consumption of glucose, in competition with the need for the synthesis of milk. Also, there is strong evidence that the inflammatory response generated in the dry period leads to a notable reduction of dry matter intake after calving, and to a reduced efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. On the whole, an effective control of the stressors in the dry period is badly needed for better disease control and optimal production levels in dairy cattle.

A comparison of daily total locomotor activity between the lactation and the dry period in dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Schembari ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
M. Morgante
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Daily Total

scholarly journals Effects of Dry Period Length on Milk Production and Health of Dairy Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2595-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Watters ◽  
J.N. Guenther ◽  
A.E. Brickner ◽  
R.R. Rastani ◽  
P.M. Crump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period
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