scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and Feeding Behavior of Growing Dairy Heifers: Effects of Dietary Dilution

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 2786-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Greter ◽  
T.J. DeVries ◽  
M.A.G. von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dairy Heifers

scholarly journals 31 Characterization of feeding-behavior patterns and application of chemometrics to predict residual feed intake based on feeding-behavior traits in growing Holstein heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Jocelyn R Johnson ◽  
Ira L Parsons ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
Luis Orlindo Tedeschi ◽  
Claas Heuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Plsr Model ◽  
Time Eating

Abstract Objectives of this study were to characterize feeding-behavior (FB) patterns in growing dairy heifers with divergent RFI phenotypes (±0.50 SD) and to evaluate the accuracy of partial least squares regression (PLSR) models to predict RFI based on FB traits. Performance, DMI, and FB traits were measured for 70 to 100 d in 15 trials with Holstein heifers (n = 611) fed a corn-silage based ration. Seventeen FB traits were evaluated: frequency and duration of bunk visit (BV) and meal events, head-down duration (HDD), meal length, maximum non-feeding interval, corresponding day-today variation (SD) of these traits, and ratios of HDD per BV duration and meal duration, HDD per meal duration, and BV events per meal event. Data was analyzed using a mixed model that included RFI group and trial. The PLSR model for RFI was developed using cross-validation procedures (Leave-One-Out) in JMP (SAS), with FB traits as independent variables. LowRFI heifers consumed 24% less (P < 0.01) DMI and had lower (P < 0.01) day-to-day DMI variation than high-RFI heifers. Distinct differences were observed in FB patterns between low- and high-RFI heifers (Table 1). Eight of 17 FB traits were included [selected based on variable of importance (VIP) score > 0.80] in the PLSR model that explained 33% of the variation in RFI. Head-down duration had the highest VIP score; accordingly, low-RFI animals had 44% lower HDD and 30 and 40% lower ratios of HDD per BV duration and meal duration, respectively. Additionally, low-RFI animals had 20 and 18% fewer BV and meal events per day, spent 21% less time eating during BV events, and had reduced day-to-day variation in HDD and meal frequency. For this study, distinctive differences were observed in the FB patterns of Holstein heifers with divergent RFI, which explained 33% of the between-animal variation in RFI.

Mechanisms of Nutritional Regulation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
David Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Limited Supply

This chapter focuses on how animals are able to regulate their intake and use of multiple nutrients. To regulate the balance of nutrients eaten, an animal needs to assess the composition of available foods in relation to its nutritional requirements. Integration of information about food composition and nutritional state occurs both at the periphery, by nutrient-specific modulation of taste receptors, and more centrally as signals from systemic and peripheral sources converge onto the neural circuits that control feeding behavior. Meanwhile, postingestive regulatory responses can assist in rebalancing an imbalanced nutrient intake. Once digested and absorbed across the gut, nutrient supplies can be further rebalanced by differentially voiding excess nutrients and conserving nutrients that are in limited supply.

Nocturnal patterns of macronutrient intake in freely feeding and food-deprived rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. R541-R548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Tempel ◽  
G. Shor-Posner ◽  
D. Dwyer ◽  
S. F. Leibowitz
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Nutrient Selection ◽  
Over Time

Analyses of rats' feeding behavior at the start and the end of the nocturnal cycle have revealed dramatic alterations in macronutrient intake over time. At dark onset, rats displayed a preference for carbohydrate, with the first meal of the night consisting of approximately 60% of this nutrient. This carbohydrate intake was soon followed by a shift toward protein-predominant meals. Superimposed on this pattern of meal-to-meal shifts in nutrient selection appears to be an additional rhythm in which carbohydrate ingestion was favored at dark onset and protein and fat ingestion were favored during the late dark hours. Differential feeding patterns were also apparent following mild food deprivation. A 2-h period of deprivation at dark onset produced a strong compensatory feeding response, particularly of fat and carbohydrate. This pattern was not observed at the end of the dark, when little compensatory feeding was demonstrated. It is suggested that these feeding patterns may be related to the activity of certain hypothalamic neurotransmitters, e.g., norepinephrine and serotonin, known to be important in modulating temporal feeding patterns and nutrient intake.

scholarly journals OreganoExtract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Jacob Kolling ◽  
Dejani Maíra Panazzolo ◽  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi ◽  
Marcelo Tempel Stumpf ◽  
Marcel Batista dos Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Saliva Production

This experiment aimed to describe the effects ofOreganoextract (OE) inclusion into the concentrate fed to dairy heifers on physiological parameters, feeding behavior, intake, and performance. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly distributed into four treatments: C = control, without addition of OE; OE2.5 = 2.5 g; OE5.0 = 5.0 g and OE7.5 = 7.5 g ofOreganoextract per heifer/day. Feeding behavior and concentrate intake were assessed individually every day and total dry matter intake (DMI) was determined on the last week of the trial. Compared to control group, OE7.5 reduced by 32% the latency time to approach the feed bunk but increased by 6% the time spent eating the concentrate. Each inclusion of 2.5 grams of OE into the concentrate increased the occurrence of postingestive licking the feed bunk with abundant saliva production 1.2 times (P<0.01) and tended to increase the occurrence of sneeze events 1.2 times (P<0.10). No statistical difference was detected between treatments for total DMI, but concentrate DMI was 9% lower for OE7.5 when compared to control and OE2.5. The inclusion of 7.5 grams/day of OE causes small but negative effects in feeding behavior and concentrate intake, without change on total dry matter intake.

Palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goat kids: nutrient intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, and performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues ◽  
Stefanie Alvarenga Santos ◽  
Luis Gabriel Alves Cirne ◽  
Douglas dos Santos Pina ◽  
Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Post-weaning feeding levels on feeding behavior, growth and development in Holstein dairy heifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel De La Quintana ◽  
Alejandro Mendoza ◽  
Cecilia Cajarville ◽  
Oscar Bentancur ◽  
José Luis Repetto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Dairy Heifers

ABSTRACT: To study the effect of post-weaning feeding levels on the growth of dairy heifers, 40 animals with 77.7 ± 8.1 days of age and 77.5 ± 9.2kg of body weight were grouped in 10 pens, and each pen was randomly assigned to one of the following treatments for 120 days: feeding level to achieve a body weight gain of 600 (TMEDIUM) or 800 (THIGH) g/day based on a total mixed ration. After this period all heifers were managed as a single group for 150 days. Nutrient intake, behavior, body weight and other morphological measures were recorded in each animal. As a result of the experimental design THIGH heifers had a higher nutrient intake than TMEDIUM heifers, which was reflected in a higher daily weight gain, withers height, heart girth and hip width. However, treatments had no effect on these traits during the residual period.

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