scholarly journals Enhancing In Vitro Degradation of Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage Using Feed Enzymes

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2839-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-S. Eun ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Feed Enzymes

IN VITRO DEGRADATION OF MIMOSINE BY MICROORGANISMS FROM THE ESOPHAGEAL SAC OF VOLES (Microtus arvalis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KUDO ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
J. W. HALL ◽  
T. ARAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyridine Ring ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Degradation Rates

The microbiota in the esophageal sac of voles fed either cubed alfalfa hay or concentrate pellets were assayed to determine their capacity to anaerobically degrade mimosine in vitro. Differences (P < 0.01) were found between the two diets during the growth phase. The sac contents of voles fed concentrate pellets degraded mimosine and 3-hydroxy-4-(1H)-pyridone (DHP) rapidly, but inocula from voles fed cubed alfalfa hay only hydrolyzed mimosine to DHP. Degradation of the pyridine ring occurred at the early stage of incubation, concurrently with microbial growth. Thereafter, degradation rates appear to have been almost negligible and very similar for both diets. These results agree with previous data obtained with ruminal microorganisms, where highly active inocula were also associated with animals on concentrate diets. Key words: Detoxification, hydrolysis, esophageal sac, mimosine, 3-hydroxy-4- (1H)-pyridone, voles

Screening of fibrolytic enzymes as additives for ruminant diets: relationship between enzyme activities and the in vitro degradation of enzyme-treated forages

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 210-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Colombatto ◽  
D.P. Morgavi ◽  
A.F. Furtado ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Commercial Enzyme ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Feed Enzymes

Results in the literature concerning the efficacy of feed enzymes for ruminant diets have been mixed. Commercial preparations currently used are fermentation extracts containing several enzymic activities. It has been suggested that ruminal fermentation of grass and maize silages is enzyme-limited (Wallace et al., 2001). In order to design better enzyme additives, the enzyme activities likely to affect the animal responses should be identified. This study examined 23 commercial enzyme preparations for their biochemical properties and their ability to influence the in vitro degradation of alfalfa and maize silage.

scholarly journals Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Fanlin Kong ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Hongqin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Α Diversity

AOAN may provide enzymes to improve the digestibility of feeds and enhance rumen fermentation. This study determined the effects of AOAN on digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition using in vitro gas recording fermentation system. A total of 30 mg of AOAN was supplemented into 500 mg of TMR, corn silage, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. Fermentation parameters and bacterial communities were determined after 48 h fermentation, and digestibility was determined after 7, 24, 30, and 48 h fermentation. Gas production and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were significantly increased by AOAN supplementation at 48 h (p < 0.05), except for digestibility of CP of the TMR (p > 0.05). AOAN increased starch digestibility in corn silage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase that in TMR (0.05 < p < 0.10). AOAN supplementation increased total volatile fatty acid production (p < 0.05). The molar proportions of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio of oat hay and alfalfa hay were increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the microbial richness of TMR and oat hay, and microbial evenness of TMR were increased (p < 0.05). AOAN did not affect the α diversity, β diversity, and bacterial composition of the corn silage. The relative abundance of Prevotella was increased and Ruminococcus was decreased in TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay. In conclusion, results suggest that AOAN has the potential to improve the utilization of diets differently, including providing enzymes with changing microbiota (TMR, oat hay, and alfalfa hay) or providing enzymes alone (corn silage).

Variability in the in vitro degradation of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat by feed enzymes

2014 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Smeets ◽  
F. Nuyens ◽  
L. Van Campenhout ◽  
T. Niewold
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Feed Enzymes

In Vitro Degradation Of beta-Amyloid[25-35] Peptide

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Jost ◽  
Jozsef Varga ◽  
Botond Pence ◽  
Marta Zarandi
Keyword(s):  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
In Vitro Degradation

scholarly journals In Vitro Degradation of Absorbable Zinc Alloys in Artificial Urine

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Champagne ◽  
Ehsan Mostaed ◽  
Fariba Safizadeh ◽  
Edward Ghali ◽  
Maurizio Vedani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Zinc Alloys ◽  
Artificial Urine

Absorbable metals have potential for making in-demand rigid temporary stents for the treatment of urinary tract obstruction, where polymers have reached their limits. In this work, in vitro degradation behavior of absorbable zinc alloys in artificial urine was studied using electrochemical methods and advanced surface characterization techniques with a comparison to a magnesium alloy. The results showed that pure zinc and its alloys (Zn–0.5Mg, Zn–1Mg, Zn–0.5Al) exhibited slower corrosion than pure magnesium and an Mg–2Zn–1Mn alloy. The corrosion layer was composed mostly of hydroxide, carbonate, and phosphate, without calcium content for the zinc group. Among all tested metals, the Zn–0.5Al alloy exhibited a uniform corrosion layer with low affinity with the ions in artificial urine.

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