Mobile Representations of a “New Pacific”

Transfers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Frances Steel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
White Settler ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

This comment reflects on the contributions to this special section on print culture and mobility in the Pacific. It focuses on the ways in which changing attitudes toward ocean-going mobility and its mass commercialisation in the fi rst half of the twentieth century encouraged new textual and visual forms of appraisal and representation of the Pacific. This, in turn, facilitated the fashioning of new mobile subjectivities, which illuminate a range of gendered and racialized aspirations being projected into the Pacific region from the white settler states around its rim. Together, the articles suggest avenues for further research on the impact of shipboard and island port encounters on forms of Australian self-presentation and engagement in the region.

scholarly journals Introduction

Transfers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Victoria Kuttainen ◽  
Susann Liebich
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Actual Mobility

This special section considers the interconnections of print culture and mobility across the Pacific in the early twentieth century. The contributors explore how print culture was part of the practices, experiences, mediations, and representations of travel and mobility, and understand mobility in a number of ways: from the movement of people and texts across space and the mobility of ideas to the opportunities of social mobility through travel. The special section moves beyond studies of travel writing and the literary analysis of travel narratives by discussing a range of genres, by paying attention to readers and reception, and by focusing on actual mobility and its representation as well as the mediation between the two.

Hidden Island

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-230
Author(s):  
Nicholas Evan Sarantakes
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Power ◽  
American Military ◽  
Pacific World ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Political Negotiation

The Pacific world of the early twentieth century, dominated by Europe, Japan, and the United States, is gone. The region’s control by outsiders has been succeeded by increasing economic importance, broader political negotiation, and wider cultural acceptance. Whether considering transoceanic communication, popular understanding of air power, the limits to training a continental Asian army, local uses of food, the role of “special” military units, the understanding of nuclear weapons, or the impact of American military occupation, these essays shed light on the volatile Pacific as a whole. The chapters in War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941–1972illustrate how the mid-twentieth-century world set the stage for the Pacific of our own era, offering important waypoints for explaining the transition to the twenty-first century.

The Impact of the Law of the Sea Conference Upon the Pacific Region: Part II

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Barbara Johnson ◽  
Frank Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Decadal Prediction in the Pacific Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2959-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Meehl ◽  
Aixue Hu ◽  
Claudia Tebaldi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
First Century ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Decadal Prediction ◽  
Model Reference ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Reference Simulation ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract A “perfect model” configuration with a global coupled climate model 30-member ensemble is used to address decadal prediction of Pacific SSTs. All model data are low-pass filtered to focus on the low-frequency decadal component. The first three EOFs in the twentieth-century simulation, representing nearly 80% of the total variance, are used as the basis for early twenty-first-century predictions. The first two EOFs represent the forced trend and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), respectively, as noted in previous studies, and the third has elements of both trend and IPO patterns. The perfect model reference simulation, the target for the prediction, is taken as the experiment that ran continuously from the twentieth to twenty-first century using anthropogenic and natural forcings for the twentieth century and the A1B scenario for the twenty-first century. The other 29 members use a perturbation in the atmosphere at year 2000 and are run until 2061. Since the IPO has been recognized as a dominant contributor to decadal variability in the Pacific, information late in the twentieth century and early in the twenty-first century is used to select a subset of ensemble members that are more skillful in tracking the time evolution of the IPO (EOF2) in relation to a notional start date of 2010. Predictions for the 19-yr period centered on the year 2020 use that subset of ensemble members to construct Pacific SST patterns based on the predicted evolution of the first three EOFs. Compared to the perfect model reference simulation, the predictions show some skill for Pacific SST predictions with anomaly pattern correlations greater than +0.5. An application of the Pacific SST prediction is made to precipitation over North America and Australia. Even though there are additional far-field influences on Pacific SSTs and North American and Australian precipitation involving the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the Atlantic, and Indian Ocean and South Asian monsoon variability, there is qualitative skill for the pattern of predicted precipitation over North America and Australia using predicted Pacific SSTs. This exercise shows that, in the presence of a large forced trend like that in the large ensemble, much of Pacific region decadal predictability about 20 years into the future arises from increasing greenhouse gases.

The Impact of the Law of the Sea Conference Upon the Pacific Region: Part I

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Johnson ◽  
Frank Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Late Print Culture’s Social Media Revolution: Authorship, Collaboration and Copy Machines

Authorship ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Print Cultures ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Web

This article examines the impact of copy machines on late twentieth-century print cultures. Specifically, this article makes a case for “dry copying,” the method of print reproduction perfected by Xerox in the late 1950s, as a unique medium rather than a weak imitation of other printing methods. Following the claim that the widespread availability of copy machines in the late twentieth century represented the arrival of a new medium, this article further examines how understandings of authorship, established with print culture, came undone in the era of the copy machine. Finally, this paper makes a case for understanding copy machines as a form of “social media” that opened up opportunities for writers, readers and publishers to create, share, exchange and comment on texts and images in communities and networks of their own making in the decades preceding the development of the web.

Romanization

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-221
Author(s):  
D. W. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Military History ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Judgement ◽  
Different Parts

Defining Romanization is problematical, not least because there was no uniform concept throughout the empire of what it meant to be ‘Roman’. Assessments from the early twentieth century, when the term was introduced, automatically included a value judgement that Romanization of native communities was a good thing, and something that they would have aspired to. This was based largely on the colonialist viewpoint of classical scholars of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras that presupposed that the imposition of ‘civilized’ standards on subject peoples was morally justified and practically beneficial. Changing attitudes have not only rendered this viewpoint unacceptable, but have also made debate itself unacceptable in some quarters. In reality interaction between native communities and the occupying regime was different in different parts of Britain, and the impact of occupation, in terms of urban development, for example, was extremely variable. For much of the twentieth century Romano-British archaeology was built upon the historically based legacy of Haverfield and Collingwood, in which military history formed the basic framework for research, but new approaches were triggered in the 1990s by advances in technology and development-funded archaeology. Recent research has argued that south-eastern Britain at least already included client kingdoms of Rome, though the case remains controversial.

scholarly journals Intersecting Identities, Divergent Views: Interpreting the Experiences of Women Politicians in the Pacific Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 320-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Corbett ◽  
Asenati Liki
Keyword(s):  
Women Politicians ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Anecdotally, it is assumed that the factors that constrain women from entering parliament spill over into the way they experience holding public office, thus limiting their influence. Drawing on in-depth biographical interviews and other publically available materials we test this supposition by investigating the experiences of women who have served in parliament in the Pacific Islands, a region famous for its low levels of women's representation. We ask if and how women see their gender as influencing their parliamentary roles. We identify two narratives. The first aligns with the orthodox assumption where prevailing patriarchal norms stymie the influence of women MPs. The second, however, is a counternarrative that defies the conventional reading and instead posits that gender matters little once inside parliament with MPs, highlighting the importance of other identities—family, community, religious, etc.—to their constituent representation and reelection campaigns. In turn, women MPs who hold to this latter perspective are often critical of what they see as the imposition of gender norms by foreign donors. Employing the concept intersectionality allows us to simultaneously acknowledge and problematize this duality, thus providing a more nuanced reading of the impact of gender on parliamentary life in the Pacific region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Argo Data on Ocean Reanalysis in the Pacific Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Chaohui Sun ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Lianxin Zhang ◽  
Caixia Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Ocean Reanalysis ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been conducted to evaluate the effect of Argo data assimilation on ocean reanalysis in the Pacific region. The “truth” is obtained from a 5-year model integration from 2003 to 2007 based on the MIT general circulation model with the truly varying atmospheric forcing. The “observations” are the projections of the truth onto the observational network including ocean station data, CTD, and various BTs and Argo, by adding white noise to simulate observational errors. The data assimilation method employed is a sequential three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) scheme within a multigrid framework. Results show the interannual variability of temperature, salinity, and current fields can be reconstructed fairly well. The spread of temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific region is also able to be reflected accurately when Argo data is assimilated, which may provide a reliable initial field for the forecast of temperature and currents for the subsurface in the tropical Pacific region. The adjustment of salinity by using T-S relationship is vital in the tropical Pacific region. However, the adjustment of salinity is almost meaningless in the northwest Pacific if Argo data is included during the reanalysis.

scholarly journals Human Rights and the WTO: Issues for the Pacific

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

In the Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tonga are World Trade Organization members.  This article examines the human rights concerns regarding the WTO, in particular the impact of WTO rules regarding trade liberalisation on poverty and development within developing states.  The author comments on the costs of conditional WTO membership and the possible consequences of free trade and globalisation in the Pacific region.

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