Une lecture institutionnaliste de la gouvernance de l’eau potable : des terrains d’Afrique de l’Ouest francophone aux faits stylisés

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Baron ◽  
Muriel Maillefert
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nous Proposons ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Politiques Publiques ◽  
Institutional Sustainability ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Analyse Comparative

The issue of water and in particular the access to potable water in developing countries has become a great challenge on the local scale as well as at the global level. Public policies—often under the influence of donors—have successively favored several patterns of access to water. Each of these patterns has been tested, though none has been able to achieve established objectives from the point of view of both efficiency and equity. Using an institutionalist perspective that focuses on the issues of actors constructing collective rules of resources management and distribution, we perform a comparative analysis of the processes of emergence and of institutional sustainability for water management in some French-speaking African countries, based on field cases.Spanish La problemática del agua, particularmente el acceso al agua potable en los países en desarrollo, se ha convertido en un gran desafío a nivel local y global. Las políticas públicas, a menudo bajo influencia de concesionarios, han implementado en los últimos años diversos modelos de acceso al agua sin alcanzar los objetivos de eficiencia y equidad esperados. A partir de información de campo, y desde una perspectiva institucionalista centrada en la construcción social de reglas colectivas de gestión y asignación de recursos, nos proponemos un análisis comparativo de los procesos de surgimiento y sustentabilidad de las instituciones encargadas de la gestión del agua en países africanos de habla francesa.French La problématique de l'eau, et notamment l'accès à une eau saine dans les pays en développement, est devenue un enjeu majeur tant à l'échelle locale qu'au niveau global. Les politiques publiques, souvent sous influence des bailleurs, ont successivement privilégié plusieurs modèles d'accès à l'eau, chacun ayant été testé, sans pour autant atteindre les objectifs fixés à la fois sur le plan de l'efficacité et sur celui de l'équité. Nous proposons, à partir d'une entrée institutionnaliste, c'est-à-dire qui s'intéresse aux enjeux de la construction, par les acteurs, des règles collectives de gestion et de répartition des ressources, une analyse comparative des processus d'émergence et de pérennisation des institutions pour la gestion de l'eau dans certains pays d'Afrique francophone, à partir de données de terrain.

An Integrated Tourism Model based on Local Identity for Ecological, Historical, and Cultural Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natapon Anusorntharangkul ◽  
Yanin Rugwongwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The objective of this paper is to study local identity and explore the potential for regional resources management and valuation of the historic environment a case study of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand, for guiding the tourism environmental design elements. The point of view has the goal creative integrate tourism model and product development from local identity embedded localism. This concept advocates the philosophy that tourism businesses must develop products and marketing strategies that not only address the needs of consumers but also safeguard the local identity. 

Hypertextuality and the Economic Novel in Zimbabwe

Matatu ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-415
Author(s):  
Maurice Taonezvi Vambe
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Great Ease ◽  
New Type ◽  
Novelistic Form ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Recent surges and advances in the popular use of electronic technology such as Internet, email, iPad, iPhone, and touch-screens in Africa have opened up great communicative possibilities among ordinary people whose voices were previously marginalized in traditional elitist media. People far apart geographically and living in different times can communicate rapidly and with great ease. This technological revolution has challenged and broken down boundaries of dependence on television, newspapers, and novels, the traditional forms of communication. It is now possible to upload a novel onto an iPad and read it as one moves from place to place. The burden of carrying hard copies is relieved but not eradicated; in most African countries, including Zimbabwe (the centre of focus in the present article), the creative work of art or hard copy of a novel is still relied upon as source of information. There are creative, experimental innovations in the novel form in Zimbabwe which to some extent can justify one’s speaking of a hypertextual novel. This new type of novel incorporates multiple narratives, and sometimes deliberately uses genres such as the email form as a constitutive narrative style that confirms as well as destabilizes previous assumptions of single coherent stories told from one point of view. Using the concepts of hypertextuality, intertextuality, and Bakhtin’s notions of carnivalesque and heteroglossia in speech and written utterances, this article reconsiders the implications of the presence of ideologies of hypertextuality in one novel from Zimbabwe, Nyaradzo Mtizira’s The Chimurenga Protocol (2008). The article argues that the multiplicity of narratives constitutes the hypertextual dimension of the novelistic form.

scholarly journals Being a journalist in a multilingual country: Representations of Dutch among Belgian French-speaking journalists

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bouko ◽  
Olivier Standaert ◽  
Astrid Vandendaele
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily News ◽  
News Broadcasts ◽  
Flemish Community ◽  
Tv News ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Public Broadcaster ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes ◽  
French Speaker

Abstract In this paper, we examine how the francophone TV audience is introduced to the Flemish community and its language through daily news broadcasts. More specifically, our research looks at how the Dutch language is used when francophone journalists prepare and produce their reports – during all stages of the process –, up until the actual broadcast. We therefore conducted 15 qualitative interviews with TV news journalists employed by the Belgian French-speaking public broadcaster. The interviews were organized around eight topics, e.g. the place of Dutch in the newsroom and the languages chosen during interactions with Dutch-speaking interviewees. From a discursive point of view, we focused on the selected lexical terms and rhetorical tropes (the various uses of the litotes, in particular) to unpack the journalists’ practices, in relation to their representations of Dutch. Our study provides notable insights into their representation of the differences between French- and Dutch-speaking Belgians as a generational issue, their tendency to assess their proficiency in Dutch measured against bilingualism, as well as their wish to beat the cliché of “the unilingual French-speaker”. These observations are coupled with criteria which explain why French might be preferred in the end: the TV audience’s comfort, general intelligibility and subtitling constraints.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and Human Resource Management: a study on Moldavia, Romania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam James
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Medical Tests

Dramatic changes due to the current COVID-19 coronavirus have unparalleled effects on businesses acrossthe globe and have deeply affected human resources management. HRM has taken the lead in handlingemployees to deal with pressures and continue to work remotely to continue its activities in a vaguecurrent and unforeseen future. However, the HRM had to contend with the pandemic lock-down dismissaland staff reduction. The paper is focused on the analysis approach used by qualitative experts. It addressesthe problems faced by HRM in Romania, identifies the human resources ramifications of the situation andidentifies solutions. It addresses the problems HRM has been facing in Romania, ascertains the effects thecrisis has on human resources, points out the strategies companies implemented, and make s suggestionsfor addressing the crisis from the point of view of HRM. Based on the results, this study recommend thefollowing: giving more consideration for worker mental wellbeing, performing medical tests during theselection process, and encouraging the sick employees to remain at home and developing crisismanagement plans.

scholarly journals Updated characteristics of blood services, donors and blood products in 11 French‐speaking African countries

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude T. Tagny ◽  
Syria Laperche ◽  
Edward L. Murphy ◽  
F Ahlonsou ◽  
L Anani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Products ◽  
African Countries ◽  
French Speaking

Performance Evaluation of Multicast Overlay Routing Protocols

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stachowiak ◽  
Tytus Pawlak ◽  
Maciej Piechowiak
Keyword(s):  
Group Communication ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multicast Communication ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Overlay Routing ◽  
Single Link ◽  
Overlay Approach

Abstract For almost three decades the multicast communication has been a subject of a dynamic research. It came to the world of the packet switching networks rather late and still has not become a fist class citizen of the Internet, yet the demand for such services is growing and thus the relevant technologies evolve persistently providing increasing quality and availability of the means of the group communication. The overlay approach to the multicast is an application layer realization which came to life due to certain deficiencies at the lower layers. In general the gain from using multicast for group communication instead of duplicated unicast links is that we avoid sending the same data many times through a single link. Such gain may be achieved wit the use of the router level mulitcast solution. The overlay solutions tend to approach his level of efficiency with a different degree of success. Therefore one of the main characteristics that is interesting when evaluating a particular overlay protocol is how well does it achieve the aforementioned gain. There are several metrics that allow for objective comparison of protocols in this regard. However this is not the only point of view to provide a valuable evaluation of the multicast overlay solutions. One of the important aspects of the modern group communication such as the IPTV or teleconferencing is the dynamic nature of the users’ participation. A particular group may be joined and left by multiple users at a very frequent rate which is critical to the resources management as well as to maintaining the integrity of the abstract communication structure, e.g. a tree spanning all the participants. In such case two major classes of the evaluation criteria emerge: the statical and the dynamical ones. They’re both very important and interdependent, however the means to measure them may differ significantly. In this article a wide variety of the multicast overlay protocols have been analysed and two of them have been chosen to be compared. The stress of the evaluation has been put on the dynamic aspects of the multicast overlay protocols operation.

Perspectives from Four Stages of Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Fox ◽  
Mor Bakhoum
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Developed Countries

This chapter identifies four clusters of nations based on state of development, in order to highlight significant qualitative differences that may call for different law and policies. The first cluster comprises the least developed sub-Saharan African countries with the most resource-challenged competition authorities, such as Benin and Togo. The second cluster compromises nations that have advanced economically to a perceptibly higher level. The third cluster is a “group” of one—South Africa. With all of its challenges, the South African competition regime is as close to a gold standard as there is in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, for comparison, the fourth cluster comprises the developed countries, led in particular by the European Union and the United States. These nations have open economies, fairly robust markets, good infrastructure, and good institutions. The chapter proceeds to identify, from the point of view of each of the clusters, the most fitting competition framework nationally and globally. The chapter proposes how the divergences can be brought into sympathy.

scholarly journals Sustainable access to safe drinking water: fundamental human right in the international and national scene

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Maran de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Government

Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals.

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