The Role of Scientific Research in Film Theory

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Katherine Thomson-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Precise Role

This article offers a critical discussion of Murray Smith’s proposals regarding the role of science in film theory and the philosophy of art more broadly. I would like to examine the precise role given by Film, Art, and the Third Culture to scientific evidence in understanding film engagement. There are points in the book where scientific evidence is used to considerable theoretical or philosophical advantage. But there are other points where the role of scientific evidence is unclear or where an opportunity is missed for its full deployment in theorizing.

scholarly journals “Mind the Gap”

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Moral Imagination ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
New Work ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Cinema Studies ◽  
The Third

Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture makes a significant contribution to cognitive film theory and philosophical aesthetics, expanding the conceptual tools of film analysis to include perspectives from neuroscience and evolutionary psychology. Smith probes assumptions about how cinema affects spectators by examining aspects of experience and neurophysiological responses that are unavailable to conscious, systematic reflection. This article interrogates Smith’s account of emotion, empathy, and imagination in cinematic representation and film spectatorship, placing his work in dialogue with other recent interventions in the fields of cinema studies and embodied cognition. Smith’s contribution to understanding the role of emotion in screen studies is vital, and when read in conjunction with recent publications by Carl Plantinga and Mark Johnson on ethical engagement and the moral imagination, this new work constitutes a notable advance in film theory.

Naturalized Aesthetics and Criticism

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Laura T. Di Summa-Knoop
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship

Can naturalized aesthetics contribute to the evaluation of a work? In this article, I consider three ways in which naturalized aesthetics may inform critical evaluation. First, I analyze the role of naturalized aesthetic analysis in the formation of the creative choices made by filmmakers. Second, I assess the relationship between the analysis of empathy provided by Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture and the expression of moral evaluations. And third, I outline what I take to be naturalized aesthetics’ promising potential contribution to the study of genre and contra-standard features. In the concluding section, I instead introduce what I take to be two rather serious difficulties to a cooperation between criticism and naturalized aesthetics.

scholarly journals Three Responses to Anthropomorphism in Social Robotics: Towards a Critical, Relational, and Hermeneutic Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Coeckelbergh
Keyword(s):  
Social Robotics ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Relational Understanding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

AbstractBoth designers and users of social robots tend to anthropomorphize robots. Focusing on the question how to conceptualize the relation between robots and humans, this paper first outlines two opposite philosophical views regarding this relation, which are connected to various normative responses to anthropomorphism and anthropomorphization. Then it argues for a third view: navigating between what it calls “naïve instrumentalism” and “uncritical posthumanism”, it develops a hermeneutic, relational, and critical approach. Paradoxically, by unpacking the human dimension of robotics in its use and development, this view enables a critical discussion of anthropomorphizing robots. At the same time, and again somewhat paradoxically, it avoids a naïve instrumentalist position by taking robots’ role as an instrument in a larger con-technology seriously. As such, the third view questions the dualism assumed in the debate. The paper then explores what this means for the field of social robotics and the education of computer scientists and engineers. It proposes a reform based on a relational understanding of the field itself and offers suggestions for the role of users-citizens.

ON RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ART STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
G. U. Lukina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
State Institute ◽  
The Third ◽  
Art Economics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Art Philosophy

The article presents an overview of publications of the State Institute for Art Studies (Moscow, Russia), whose activities involve the organisation of extensive scientific research in the theory and history of art, philosophy of art, economics of art and cultural studies. The author pays special attention to the major projects of the last two years, the content and scope of which demonstrate the exceptional role of the Institute in preserving Russia's cultural heritage in all types of art, conducting fundamental research and supervising interinstitutional projects. The first section of the article outlines the main publications of the Institute focusing on the study and promotion of Russian culture in the world artistic space. The second section, titled "In Memory of Deceased Teachers", is devoted to the legacy of renowned art historians who worked at the Institute. The third section deals with publications that contain new or previously unknown facts about the life and creative pursuits of representatives of art, discovered by the authors while analysing their epistolary works, memories, diaries and manuscripts. The section "On the Interweaving of Cultures and the Languages of Art" reviews published monographs, joint scientific works and conference proceedings that demonstrate an integrated approach to the study of art.

Autocratic Monarchy: Yu. F. Samarin’s Theoretical Concept and Historic Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
National History ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article describes Yu. F. Samarin’s interpretation of Russian autocracy evolution in the period from the last third of the 15th century and till the 60s–70s years of the 19th century, from the reign of Ivan the Third till the reign and reforms of Alexander the Second. For the present analysis of the well-known Slavophile’s views the author has used act materials, modern interpretation by our historians of the process of Russian monarchy transformation and the scientific research materials of the author of this article. Special attention in paid to the role of Peter the First in the national history, his infringement of inheritance succession of the throne and consequences of the innovations introduced by him. According to Samarin, that model of autocracy became an obstacle for the transition from the autocratic monarchy to the constitutional one in the middle of the 19th century, but did not contradict the role of Russia as the stronghold of the Slavic-Orthodox world.

FACT Is a Fact of Both Life and Art

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Jerrold Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phenomenological Dimension

After expressing my enthusiasm for Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture, I offer a critical discussion focused upon the place of the experiential-phenomenological dimension in Smith’s naturalized aesthetics. I look closely at two films, Béla Tarr’s The Turin Horse (2011) and Jonathan Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013), in relationship to Smith’s claims about the qualia filmmakers impart to their creations and the highly specific states of mind, emotional and otherwise, that they manage to express and to evoke in viewers.

Embodied Seeing-In, Empathy, and Expansionism

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Fingerhut
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Central Sequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
Work Done

I will argue that the ambition to provide a naturalized aesthetics of film in Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture is not fully matched by the actual explanatory work done. This is because it converges too much on the emotional engagement with character at the expense of other features of film. I will make three related points to back up my claim. I will argue (1) that Smith does not adequately capture in what ways the phenomenon of seeing-in, introduced early in the book, could explain our complex engagement with moving images; (2) that because of this oversight he also misconstrues the role of the mirror neuron system in our engagement with filmic scenes; and (3) that an account of embodied seeing-in could be a remedy for the above. In order to demonstrate the latter point, I will show how such an account could contribute to the analysis of a central sequence in Alfred Hitchcock’s Strangers on a Train (1951) that Smith also discusses.

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

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