The Bodily Efficacy of the Categories

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
Erhard Schüttpelz ◽  
Martin Zillinger
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Philosophical Project ◽  
Three Phases

Between 1900 and 1912, Durkheim, Mauss and other contributors of the L’Année Sociologique developed the most ambitious philosophical project of modern anthropology: a comparative and worldwide social history of philosophical categories. This article briefly summarises three phases of the ‘Category Project’ and gives a preliminary characterisation of its Hegelian ambitions. Further, it points out the common denominator in the diverse success stories of the Category Project, namely the reference to the human body as the site of collective consciousness. In a second step, the article traces the intricate genesis and after-life of the most important category of bodily efficacy and epistemological insight provided by Durkheim and Mauss: the elaboration of ‘effervescence’ and its manifestation of ‘totality’.

scholarly journals CHARACTER EDUCATION AS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF SCHOOLING FOR THE FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
McRobert Lewis ◽  
Veronica Ponzio
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The Common

This analysis seeks to examine the history and development of moral/character education in America during the 20th century providing structure for the character education movement in today’s educational context. The common denominator and key to character education for the future is community. The concept of community connects the three aforementioned themes and provides a roadmap for better implementation of character education. Careful consideration is given to the interaction and contributions of the school and society in terms of promoting and developing character education. Though there is generous support from politicians, educators, and parents, character education is still somewhat mired by its lack of scope. This examination proposes that current character education proponents can find new frameworks for implementation by observing the history of character education.

Is chess the drosophila of artificial intelligence? A social history of an algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Ensmenger
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social History ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Technology

Since the mid 1960s, researchers in computer science have famously referred to chess as the ‘drosophila’ of artificial intelligence (AI). What they seem to mean by this is that chess, like the common fruit fly, is an accessible, familiar, and relatively simple experimental technology that nonetheless can be used productively to produce valid knowledge about other, more complex systems. But for historians of science and technology, the analogy between chess and drosophila assumes a larger significance. As Robert Kohler has ably described, the decision to adopt drosophila as the organism of choice for genetics research had far-reaching implications for the development of 20th century biology. In a similar manner, the decision to focus on chess as the measure of both human and computer intelligence had important and unintended consequences for AI research. This paper explores the emergence of chess as an experimental technology, its significance in the developing research practices of the AI community, and the unique ways in which the decision to focus on chess shaped the program of AI research in the decade of the 1970s. More broadly, it attempts to open up the virtual black box of computer software – and of computer games in particular – to the scrutiny of historical and sociological analysis.

The Origins of Unions: Some Miscellaneous Sydney Workers in 1910

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Christopher Sheil
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

In considering the causes and possible corrections for the current decline in Australian trade union membership, it may help to reflect on the origins of the movement. This article presents evidence and an argument about one aspect of the origins of the Federated Miscellaneous Workers Union (FMWU). The evidence concerns the social history of watchmen, caretakers and cleaners, who formed the original core of the union's membership. The argument is that these workers amounted to such an improbable basis for a union that the simple fact of their organization represents a substantial challenge to the common assumption in labour history that it is the cohesion of an occupational group that empowers it. To the extent that the origins of the union are typical, it can be suggested that the period of tremendous Australian trade union formation and growth between 1907 and 1913 owed much more to general political and, by extertsion, social conditions than it did to the specific circumstances of any particular section of workers.

scholarly journals Semangat Reformasi Persembahan Umat Pasca Pembuangan Menurut Maleakhi 3:6-12

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Rudolf Panggabean
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
The Real ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The tithe offering to God shows the repentance of the people to Him. Obedience in giving a true tithe offering is a practice of covenant between God and His people, but n its implementation, people break their covenants against God's decree.  people still practice the wrong practices of worshipping God, especially regarding things. The real tithe is not of how much the people give to God, but rather a form of obedience to Him. This condition was conveyed by Malachi to the people of Israel. This study aims to analyze the text of Malachi 3:6-12 to gain an understanding of the spirit of reform of post-exile offerings. The method used in this study is qualitative by applying descriptive methods through the analysis of the social history of the text. In terms of the spirit of reform of the people after the exile according to the text of Malachi 4:6-12, it is obtained an understanding of the spirit of reform of the offering of the people as obedience through thanksgiving to God and to the common welfare.AbstrakPersembahan persepuluhan kepada Allah menunjukkan pertobatan umat kepada-Nya. Ketaatan dalam memberikan persembahan persepuluhan yang benar merupakan salah satu praktik perjanjian antara Allah dan umat-Nya, namun pada pelaksanaannya, umat melanggar perjanjian mereka terhadap ketetapan Allah itu. umat masih saja melakukan praktik peribadatan yang salah kepada Allah, khususnya mengenai persembahan perse-puluhan. Kondisi ini disampaikan Nabi Maleakhi kepada umat Israel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa teks Maleakhi 3:6-12 untuk mendapatkan pemahaman semangat reformasi persembahan umat pasca pembuangan. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif melalui analisis sejarah sosial teks. Dalam hal semangat reformasi persmbahan umat pasca pembuangan  menurut teks Maleakhi 4:6-12, maka didapatkan pemahaman mengenai semangat reformasi persembahan umat sebagai ketaatan melalui ucapan syukur kepada Allah dan untuk kesejahteraan bersama

Curation as research. A case study in orphaned and underreported archaeological collections

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Overseas Chinese ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Archaeological Collections ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

AbstractAs archaeologists grapple with the international curation crisis, new attention is being given to the problem of ‘orphaned’ archaeological collections and collections that are underanalysed and underreported. The common rationale for curating such collections is to restore research potential, but such efforts are met with frustration because of the difficulties of re-establishing provenance and quantitative control for artefacts long separated from their original archaeological context. Moreover, most archaeologists view curation as a process that manages, rather than investigates, archaeological collections. To the contrary, this article argues that accessioning, inventory, cataloguing, rehousing and conservation are not simply precursors to research, but rather meaningful generative encounters between scholars and objects. Examples from the curation of the Market Street Chinatown archaeological collection illustrate how the process of curation can generate innovative research undertakings. Because archaeological research on this collection cannot proceed in a typical way, the research developed through the curation process departs from archaeological conventions to bring new perspectives on the social history of the Overseas Chinese diaspora.

scholarly journals Honos alit artes. Studi per il settantesimo compleanno di Mario Ascheri. IV. L’età moderna e contemporanea

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
The Relationship

The studies included in this volume analyze the legal and social history of Europe and North America by the end of the eighteenth century to the contemporary age. The study investigates the relationship between culture and legal status (science, law and government), the administration of justice and the transformation of the legal professions. That lights up the separation, in the whole complex of Western legal tradition, that identifies the countries of the common law.

Gendering the Sabarimala Conundrum: Female Body, Sexuality and Desire in the Sanskritic Brahmanic Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
Shalini Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

Historians have for long ignored the human body as a theme of inquiry. While there cannot be a history of the biological body, there is tremendous scope for enquiring into the religious, social and cultural attitudes towards this body. Recently, the female body impinged on our collective consciousness in the context of the Sabarimala temple entry controversy. The debate which this issue generated gives me an entry point to examine the gendered nature of social institutions, their normative injunctions, and their cultural symbolism within the wider Sanskritic / Brahmanic traditions, since it was precisely the bias of this tradition that labelled the presence of females of a particular age group as not only polluting but also presenting a threat to the seclusion of a brahmachari deity who presided over this temple complex. By analyzing a wide corpus of Sanskrit textual tradition, I seek to argue that female and male bodily secretions are represented asymmetrically and sought to degrade woman by representing her as a site of revulsion. 

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Josephine McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
British Literature ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Novel ◽  
English Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The increased extent and rapidity of migration was a world-wide phenomenon in the nineteenth century and forms the context of a dynamic period in the history of the English novel. Although British literature often seems unwilling to represent migration, nevertheless the form of the novel in this period is shaped in the context of the frenetic transcontinental movement of people. The common denominator of migration and fiction in this period is print, which, in this period, through new technologies was cheaper and more easily produced. Print helped to stimulate and sustain migration through the production of information for emigrants. Moreover, the development of printing presses in settler colonies stimulated important new readerships especially for fiction, which flourished as a consequence. Fictions in this period show the impact of increased human mobility in both their themes, and their formal attributes. They interrogate questions that are provoked by colonization and mass mobility, regarding community, freedom, democracy, and displacement; and they develop an aesthetic that is characterized by an emphasis on contiguity, and adjacent relations.

Sergey Timofeyevich Konenkov’s Mythopoetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Elena I. Bulycheva
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
New World ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Process Characteristic ◽  
Ideological Context

The article deals with the features of mythopoetic models in S.T. Konenkov’s sculpture. Despite the fact that monographs, albums, dozens of articles are devoted to the maestro’s works and they are quite well studied, the nature of the mythologism of S.T. Konenkov’s artistic thinking has not been fully revealed. In the ideological context of Soviet art studies, which were based on the methodology of the “social history of art”, only the fact of the sculptor’s deep interest in archaic folk traditions was noted, while this topic can be considered as a natural manifestation of the myth-making process characteristic of the art of the 20th century as a whole. Using the example of S.T. Konenkov’s works, the article attempts to retrace the formation specifics of the “non-classical artistic language” of mythopoetics in the Russian land, which consisted in the fact that, unlike Western European artists who would immerse in the exotic world of archaic art of non-European origin (primarily Africa), Russian masters were fascinated by their home antiquity. When considering the mythological structures that served as the basis for the mythopoetic models of S.T. Konenkov’s sculptural projects, three basic groups can be conditionally distinguished: a direct appeal to ancient mythology, pagan Slavic reminiscences, and a mythological interpretation of a freshly created new world. It is thanks to myth-making that the characters of S.T. Konenkov’s sculptural compositions, despite all the heterogeneity of specific subjects, belong to the integrity of a single cosmos created by the mythopoetic consciousness of the maestro. At the same time, the common mythological foundations of the Russian sculpture development in that period determine the commonality of the mythopoetic models, characteristic not only of S.T. Konenkov’s works. In many ways, they are also quite clearly manifested in the works of S.D. Erzia, A.S. Golubkina, and others.

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