Anti-hyperlipidemic Effect of Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAMEs) of Citrullus colocynthis in High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
S.M. Yazit ◽  
S. Nemmiche ◽  
F. Amamou ◽  
R.K. Meziane ◽  
D. Chabane-Sari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
High Fat

Obesity is a major public health problem. Weight loss or weight gain needs an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The present study examined the possible protective effects of colocynth oil and fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) ofCitrullus colocynthisseed oil consumption against obesity in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. The rats were treated orally with sunflower oil (4%), colocynth oil (4%), and FAMEs (4%) alone or in combination with 28% sunflower oil (high-fat diet) for 8 weeks. The colocynth oil and FAMEs decreased the levels of plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides while highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) and body weight were significantly decreased. FAMEs and colocynth oil intake significantly prevented high-fat diet induced increases in body weight and visceral fat mass. Rats fed with FAMEs showed anti-obesity effects, as marked by a significant decrease in body and adipose tissue weights. These results indicated that the oral administration of FAMEs for 60 days significantly reduced abdominal fat index, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and hepatic lipids, a result that may support the use of FAMES as a hypolipidemic agent in obesity related disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Monoclonal Antibody Blockade of Long Fragment Neurotensin on Weight Loss, Behavior, and Metabolic Traits After High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zherui Wu ◽  
Nicolas Stadler ◽  
Amazigh Abbaci ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Agnès Boullier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fiber Size

BackgroundObesity is a major public health problem of our time as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and the available pharmacological tools needed to tackle the obesity pandemic are insufficient. Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13 amino acid peptide, which is derived from a larger precursor hormone called proneurotensin or Long Form NTS (LF NTS). NTS modulates neuro-transmitter release in the central system nervous, and facilitates intestinal fat absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Mice lacking LF NTS are protected from high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance. In humans, increased levels of LF NTS strongly and independently predict the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and mortality. With the perspective to develop therapeutic tools to neutralize LF NTS, we developed a monoclonal antibody, specifically inhibiting the function of the LF NTS (LF NTS mAb). This antibody was tested for the effects on body weight, metabolic parameters and behavior in mice made obese by high-fat diet.MethodsC57bl/6j mice were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) until they reached an obesity state, then food was switched to chow. Mice were treated with either PBS (control therapy) or LF NTS mAb at the dose of 5 mg/kg once a week (i.v.). Mice weight, plasma biochemical analysis, fat and muscle size and distribution and behavioral tests were performed during the losing weight period and the stabilization period.ResultsObese mice treated with the LF NTS mAb lost weight significantly faster than the control treated group. LF NTS mAb treatment also resulted in smaller fat depots, increased fecal cholesterol excretion, reduced liver fat and larger muscle fiber size. Moreover, mice on active therapy were also less stressed, more curious and more active, providing a possible explanation to their weight loss.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that in mice subjected to HFD-induced obesity, a blockade of LF NTS with a monoclonal antibody results in reduced body weight, adipocyte volume and increased muscle fiber size, possibly explained by beneficial effects on behavior. The underlying mechanisms as well as any future role of LF NTS mAb as an anti-obesity agent warrants further studies.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Acer okamotoanum and Isoquercitrin on Obesity and Amyloidosis in a Mouse Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Cho
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acer Okamotoanum ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Obesity increases risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A high fat diet (HFD) can lead to amyloidosis and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, which are hallmarks of AD. In this study, protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Acer okamotoanum (EAO) and isoquercitrin were evaluated on obesity and amyloidosis in the HFD- and Aβ-induced mouse model. To induce obesity and AD by HFD and Aβ, mice were provided with HFD for 10 weeks and were intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ25–35. For four weeks, 100 and 10 mg/kg/day of EAO and isoquercitrin, respectively, were administered orally. Administration of EAO and isoquercitrin significantly decreased body weight in HFD and Aβ-injected mice. Additionally, EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated abnormal adipokines release via a decrease in leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels compared with the control group. Furthermore, HFD and Aβ-injected mice had damaged liver tissues, but EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated liver damage. Moreover, administration of EAO and isoquercitrin groups down-regulated amyloidosis-related proteins in the brain such as β-secretase, presenilin (PS)-1 and PS-2 compared with HFD and Aβ-injected mice. This study indicated that EAO and isoquercitrin attenuated HFD and Aβ-induced obesity and amyloidosis, suggesting that they could be effective in preventing and treating both obesity and AD.

scholarly journals Tea Seed Oil Prevents Obesity, Reduces Physical Fatigue, and Improves Exercise Performance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Ovariectomized Mice

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien ◽  
Chi-Chang Huang ◽  
Wen-Ching Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tea Seed Oil ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Total Fat

Menopause is associated with changes in body composition (a decline in lean body mass and an increase in total fat mass), leading to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and heart disease. A healthy diet to control body weight is an effective strategy for preventing and treating menopause-related metabolic syndromes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term feeding of edible oils (soybean oil (SO), tea seed oil (TO), and lard oil (LO)) on female ovariectomized (OVX) mice. SO, TO, and LO comprise mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. However, there have been quite limited studies to investigate the effects of different fatty acids (PUFA, MUFA, and SFA) on physiological adaption and metabolic homeostasis in a menopausal population. In this study, 7-week-old female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice underwent either bilateral laparotomy (sham group, n = 8) or bilateral oophorectomy (OVX groups, n = 24). The OVX mice given a high-fat diet (HFD) were randomly divided into three groups: OVX+SO, OVX+TO, and OVX+LO. An HFD rich in SO, TO, or LO was given to the OVX mice for 12 weeks. Our findings revealed that the body weight and relative tissues of UFP (uterus fatty peripheral) and total fat (TF) were significantly decreased in the OVX+TO group compared with those in the OVX+SO and OVX+LO groups. However, no significant difference in body weight or in the relative tissues of UFP and TF was noted among the OVX+SO and OVX+LO groups. Furthermore, mice given an HFD rich in TO exhibited significantly decreased accumulation of liver lipid droplets and adipocyte sizes of UFP and brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with those given an HFD rich in SO or LO. Moreover, replacing SO or LO with TO significantly increased oral glucose tolerance. Additionally, TO improved endurance performance and exhibited antifatigue activity by lowering ammonia, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase levels. Thus, tea seed oil (TO) rich in MUFA could prevent obesity, reduce physical fatigue, and improve exercise performance compared with either SO (PUFA)- or LO(SFA)-rich diets in this HFD-induced obese OVX mice model.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND SUNFLOWER OIL DIET ON WEIGHT OF ALBINO RATS

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 530-534
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ANWAR BURIRO ◽  
MUHAMMAD TAYYAB ◽  
ALLAH DTTTA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Control Groups

Objective: To study the effects of nigella sativa and sunflower oil on weight of albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Period: 1996 to 1997. Setting: PGMI, Lahore. Material & Methods: A study was conducted to determine the effects of nigella sativa and sunflower oil diet intake on body weight in albino rats. Fifty six albino rats with equal number of males and females were selected for the study, they were divided into four different groups, Control groups I and III were given diet (20%), high fat diet supplemented with bile salt (1% colic acid) and antithyroid drug (0.5% propylthiouracil).The experimental group II and IV were given the above diets with supplemented nigella sativa. The high fat diet when given at different intervals increased the body weight as compared to baseline level. Results: The high fat diet when given at different intervals increased the body weight as compared to baseline level. The high fat diet with propylthiouracil and bile salt also increased the body weight and the increase was more as compared to previous groups. The supplements of nigella sativa in the groups decreased body weight significantly as compared to the control groups, which was significantly increased in all the experimental groups as compared to the control groups. Conclusions: These observation confirm that nigella sativa decreased body weight. The above effects will be beneficial for patient with obesity. On the basis of these findings conclusions are made, that nigella sativa has got body weight reducing effects. Both nigella sativa and sunflower oil have got low atherogenic index (TC/HDL) and may be recommended in hyperlipidaemic obese patients or normal individuals. Nigella sativa has got weight reducing potential thus affecting obesity and may indirectly prevent atherosclerosis. Nigella sativa is curative remedy for all diseases except death, is the saying of our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Sallallaho Alaihe Wasalam. 

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Gut Microbiome in High-Fat-Diet Fed Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shi ◽  
Fangzhi Yue ◽  
Lin Xing ◽  
Shanyu Wu ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat

Abstract Background: Sex differences in obesity and related metabolic diseases are well recognized, however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. Gut microbiota and its metabolites may play a vital role in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in gut microbiota and its metabolites in a high-fat-diet (HFD) obesity rats and identify microbiota genera potentially contributing to such differences in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility.Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight animals per group): (1) male rats on a normal diet (MND), (2) male rats on HFD (MHFD), (3) female rats on a normal diet (FND), and (4) female rats on HFD (FHFD). Body weight, liver pathology, gut microbiota and short/medium chain fatty acids in colon contents were compared between different sexes.Results: HFD induced more body weight gain and fat storage in female rats, however, lower hepatic steatosis in FHFD than in MHFD rats was observed. When considering gut microbiota composition, FHFD rats had lower microbiome diversity than MHFD. A significant increase of Firmicutes phylum, along with Bilophila and Blautia genus was detected in MHFD rats, as compared with FHFD, which showed increased relative abundance of Murimonas. Moreover, propionic and lauric acid levels were higher in FHFD than those in MHFD rats. Conclusions: HFD induced sex-related alterations in gut microbiome and fatty acids. Furthermore, the genus Bilophila, Blautia and Murimonas might contribute to sex differences observed in obesity and NAFLD susceptibility.

scholarly journals Milk Polar Lipids in a High-Fat Diet Can Prevent Body Weight Gain: Modulated Abundance of Gut Bacteria in Relation with Fecal Loss of Specific Fatty Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Milard ◽  
Fabienne Laugerette ◽  
Annie Durand ◽  
Charline Buisson ◽  
Emmanuelle Meugnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Protective Effects of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -Diene-1,4-Dione Isolated from Averrhoa Carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) Roots on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juman Li ◽  
Xiaojie Wei ◽  
Qiuqiao Xie ◽  
Thi Thai Hoa Pham ◽  
Jinbin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola

Background/Aims: The roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae) have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycycyclohexa-2,5-1,4-dione (DMDD) has been isolated from A. carambola L. roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of DMDD on obesity and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered DMDD (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight per day) and metformin (280 mg/kg of body weight per day) for the last 4 weeks. Results: The body weights and adipose tissue weights as well as the serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, insulin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased by DMDD, and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor (Myd88) in the epididymal adipose tissue was downregulated by DMDD. In contrast, insulin sensitivity was enhanced. The results of the glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and insulin release tests indicated that there was a marked improvement in insulin secretion, and the areas under the curve corresponding to the three tests were also significantly decreased by DMDD. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were simultaneously enhanced, whereas the content of malondialdehyde was decreased by DMDD in the liver homogenates of the C57BL/6J mice. In addition, hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, as assessed by H&E staining of liver and adipose tissues, were significantly improved by DMDD. Conclusion: These data suggest that MDD has potential benefits for the treatment of HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, and its effects may be associated with improvements in lipid metabolism and inhibition of the expression of TLR4 in adipose tissues.

Grape seed and skin extract mitigates heart and liver oxidative damage induced by a high-fat diet in the rat: gender dependency

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoudi ◽  
Salem Elkahoui ◽  
Ferid Limam ◽  
Ezzedine Aouani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Heart Mass

Obesity is a public health problem contributing to morbidity and mortality from metabolic syndrome. It has long been recognized that there is a gender dependency in several obesity-related health risks. Using a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity in Wistar rats, we studied the gender dependency of fat-induced oxidative stress in the heart and liver, with a special emphasis on the distribution of transition metals, as well as the protective effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). HFD induced obesity in both male and female rats, characterized by increased body weight as well as relative liver mass in both genders, and increased relative heart mass in the males only. HFD also provoked the accumulation of triglycerides and total cholesterol into the male hearts, and into the livers of both genders. HFD induced oxidative stress in the male hearts and also in the livers of both genders. Furthermore, HFD affected cardiac levels of copper in the males, and hepatic levels of copper and zinc in both genders, whereas HFD affected free iron in the male hearts and female livers, specifically. In conclusion, HFD treatment altered transition metal homeostasis more drastically in the male heart than in the female liver, and GSSE efficiently protected these organs against fat-induced disturbances, regardless of gender.

Effects of guanethidine sympathectomy on ventromedial hypothalamic obesity

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R408-R420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Powley ◽  
M. C. Walgren ◽  
W. B. Laughton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Fat Feeding

Since ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions apparently produce chronic increases in parasympathetic activity and decreases in sympathetic responses, two experiments were performed to determine whether decreases in sympathetic tone alone are sufficient either to produce elements of the VMH syndrome or to potentiate the expression of the syndrome in animals with lesions. In experiment 1, rats that had been injected with guanethidine sulfate for 5 wk (40 mg X kg-1 X day-1) to produce a permanent sympathectomy (SympX) were maintained on a high-fat diet and subsequently subjected to VMH lesions. In experiment 2, adrenal-demedullated animals were treated with guanethidine for 6 wk and then subsequently underwent VMH lesions. SympX in the studies (81 and 85% depletion of superior cervical ganglia neurons, respectively) did duplicate the effects of VMH lesions on salivary gland weights. In neither experiment, however, did SympX alone or in combination with demedullation mimic the effects of VMH lesions on food intake, body weight, or body fat. Determinations of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the experiments confirmed that VMH lesions elevate basal FFA levels, but they also indicated that effective VMH lesions need not impair the FFA mobilization to 2-deoxyglucose challenges as some basomedial hypothalamic lesions do. In addition, experiment 2, which employed a prolonged period of high-fat feeding, revealed that SympX plus adrenal demedullation could potentiate (a 13% increase) the effects of VMH lesions on body weight. The results taken together do not support the conclusion that a preponderance of the VMH syndrome can be accounted for by the type of reduction in sympathetic tone produced by guanethidine.

scholarly journals Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Mardare ◽  
Karsten Krüger ◽  
Gerhard Liebisch ◽  
Michael Seimetz ◽  
Aline Couturier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues

The study aimed to investigate the effects of differentiated exercise regimes on high fat-induced metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Mice were fed a standard diet (ST) or a high fat diet (HFD) and subjected to regular endurance training (ET) or resistance training (RT). After 10 weeks body weight, glucose tolerance, fatty acids (FAs), circulating ceramides, cytokines, and immunological mediators were determined. The HFD induced a significant increase in body weight and a disturbed glucose tolerance (p<0.05). An increase of plasma FA, ceramides, and inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and serum was found (p<0.05). Both endurance and resistance training decreased body weight (p<0.05) and reduced serum ceramides (p<0.005). While RT attenuated the increase of NLRP-3 (RT) expression in adipose tissue, ET was effective in reducing TNF-αand IL-18 expression. Furthermore, ET reduced levels of MIP-1γ, while RT decreased levels of IL-18, MIP-1γ, Timp-1, and CD40 in serum (p<0.001), respectively. Although both exercise regimes improved glucose tolerance (p<0.001), ET was more effective than RT. These results suggest that exercise improves HFD-induced complications possibly through a reduction of ceramides, the reduction of inflammasome activation in adipose tissues, and a systemic downregulation of inflammatory cytokines.

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