scholarly journals Influence of plastic deformation on electrochemical properties of X5CrNi18-10 steel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rejmer
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Direct Electrical Current ◽  
Solution Studies ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of plastic deformation on the electrochemical properties of X5CrNi18-10 steel. The tested material belongs to the group of stainless steels with low carbon content and is used in many industries due to high corrosion resistance. In most applications of the tested material, it is formed into complicated shapes and exposed to aggressive environments. An example can be applications in medicine (implants) as well as in civil engineering and nuclear energy The literature on the subject shows a different impact of deformation on anti-corrosion properties. Samples with 5 different deformations were obtained. Electrochemical direct electrical current and alternating electrical current tests were performed for the obtained materials. The tests were carried out in a 1 molar sodium chloride solution. Studies have shown an increase in corrosion resistance of samples with increasing strain in the tested strain ranges.

scholarly journals Investigation of Microstructure, Nanohardness and Corrosion Resistance for Oxi-Nitrocarburized Low Carbon Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Wook Cho ◽  
Young-Joon Kang ◽  
Ju-Hwan Baek ◽  
Jeong-Ho Woo ◽  
Young-Rae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Process Gas

A role of oxi-nitrocarburizing technique for low-carbon steel was intensively evaluated as a means of reducing the problem of corrosion in gas nitrocarburizing, which is a vital disadvantage of gas nitrocarburizing. Oxi-nitrocarburizing was carried out by a two-step process: Gas nitrocarburizing at 560 °C and oxidation. In order to characterize two different methods of oxi-nitrocarburizing, oxidation was performed under two different conditions: Air and steam as oxygen sources. To analyze the microstructural, physical, and chemical properties of the thin oxide layer and nitride layer, which are the surface hardened layers formed on low-carbon steel by oxi-nitrocarburizing, several methods, such as electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation tests, and potentiodynamic polarization tests were applied. The results indicated that the EPMA and EBSD methods are powerful techniques for the analysis of microstructure, such as phase analysis and metallic element distribution in the oxide layer of magnetite and compound layer of ε-phase and γ'-phase, for oxi-nitrocarburized low-carbon steel. Additionally, the nanohardness using the nanoindentation test and corrosion resistance using the potentiodynamic polarization test for the oxi-nitrocarburized specimens are useful methods to understand the mechanical and corrosion properties of the surface hardened layer.

Silicon Influence on Corrosion Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Brandusa Ghiban
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Alloyed Austenite

In the present paper there are presented results concerning comparative corrosion resistance of some austenitic stainless steels, with or without silicon content. The silicon content is varying in the range of 1-5 %, in a matrix of alloyed austenite, containing 20% Cr and 15-18%Ni and with very low carbon contents (lower than 0,03% C). There are investigated different types of corrosion resistance: intergranular corrosion in nitrogen media, stress corrosion resistance in chloride media, and transpassive behaviour in sulphuric media. The testing media contained nitrogen, as it follows: Huey test (65% HNO3, at boiling temperature, 244 hours maintain), and 5N HNO3 +1g/l Cr6+ (144 h, at boiling temperature). The media containing chloride is 45% MgCl2 at boiling temperature, with a period of 1000 hours. The transpassive behaviour is tested in 10% HSO4. The investigations were made by optic and electronic microscope, and the corroded surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Nuclear Power in Poland’s Energy Transition

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Janusz Gierszewski ◽  
Łukasz Młynarkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz R. Nowacki ◽  
Jacek Dworzecki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

This article presents an analysis of the future role of nuclear energy in Poland’s path to a low-carbon energy transition. The arguments in favor of implementing nuclear power are to be found on three levels: energy security, economic competitiveness and energy efficiency, and lastly, limited environmental impact. In the process of creating this study, the methodology in the field of security sciences was used, including its interdisciplinary approach. Theoretical methods were used, e.g., critical analysis of scientific sources and comparison of statistical data and empirical methods, e.g., document analysis, comparative analysis. The article is based on an analysis of the literature on the subject, applicable legal acts, and government strategies in the field of energy security. The article contains the results of research no. BS.21.6.13 carried out by a research team from the Pomeranian Academy in Słupsk that allowed to indicate the probable directions of transformation of the energy sector in Poland in the next decade.

Fabrication and Corrosion Properties of Electroplated Ni-Co-Cr Alloy Coatings

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 438-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Yang ◽  
Cheng Zhang Peng ◽  
Lang Xiang ◽  
Huo Cao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Polarization Measurement ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray

The electroplated Ni-Co-Cr coatings were prepared on surface of a low carbon steel. The microstructure of the deposits were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the corrosion resistance of the deposits was evaluated using neutral salt-spray test and polarization measurement. The results show that the deposits are a Co and Cr solid solution in Ni with a grain size of 6.9~10.6nm, were nearly free of corrosion after neutral salt-spray tested 100 hours. With chromium content increasing, the coatings exhibited higher corrosion potential and lower corrosion current, which revealed excellent corrosion resistance.

Electrochemical Corrosion Characteristic of Structured Low Carbon Steel DC04 and Stainless Steel 304 Sheets in Sodium Chloride Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1736-1743
Author(s):  
Elena Kornienko ◽  
Ralf Ossenbrink ◽  
Vesselin Michailov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sheet Metals ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

In this work structured sheet metals were investigated using electrochemical measurement techniques. The main purpose is obtaining fundamental information about the corrosion resistance of structured sheet metals in comparison to smooth sheet metals as well determination of the influence of the structuring process on the corrosion properties. The corrosion resistance of structured sheet metals is affected by manufacturing process. One of the main influence factors is the change of the surface roughness. In this study the low carbon steel DC04 and the stainless steel 304 (X5CrNi18-10) were investi-gated. The electrochemical tests were carried out in 3%-NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic linear polarization was used to determine such electrochemical characteristics as the free corrosion potential, the corrosion current, the pitting and protection potential. Furthermore, the corrosion rate was calculated for smooth and structured sheet metals of the low carbon steel DC04. For the stainless steel 304 the pitting density was estimated. The surface roughness was measured for both materials. The electrochemical corrosion tests show a small difference in the corrosion behaviour of structured and smooth sheet metals. Structured sheet metals have a lower corrosion resistance than smooth sheet metals. The steel DC04 shows the worst corrosion properties at the structure location “negative” in comparison to the structure location “positive”. The corrosion resistance of the stainless steel 304 is better at the structure location “negative” than at the structure location “positive”. Moreover, the results show the correlation between the surface roughness and the corrosion resistance for structured sheet metals.

scholarly journals Theimpact of the Coatingsystem for Rolling Stock on Fire and Anti-Corrosion Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 790-796
Author(s):  
Łukasz Pasieczyński ◽  
Norbert Radek
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fire Properties

AbstractPaper discusses results of experimental research aimed at developing of an anti-graffiti paint system for passenger rail vehicles which fulfill the requirements of coating flammability characteristics according to EN 45545-2+A1:2015-12. The most important element of effective fire protection is the use of fire-resistant materials limiting the spread of fire and smoke in rolling stock. Coating system has to meet requirements in the field of fire properties with maintaining the desired performance parameters, such as protective and decorative properties. The development works that are the subject of this article were started by testing standard coating system flammable properties. Next stage of research was to modified fire properties of polyester putty. The tests have shown the effectiveness of the use of a protective paint that allows meeting the requirements in the field of fire safety. In addition, measurements of the corrosion resistance of anti-graffiti coatings were made.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Biomedical MgCa4.5 and MgCa4.5Gd0.5 Alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Sakiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽  
Anna Bajorek ◽  
Katarzyna Młynarek ◽  
Rafał Babilas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Coating Structure ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polarization Resistances ◽  
Anticorrosion Properties

The aim of this work was to characterize the structure and corrosion properties of the MgCa4.5(Gd0.5) alloys surface treated by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. The MgCa4.5 and MgCa4.5Gd0.5 alloy samples were processed by MAO in an electrolyte composed of NaOH (10 g/dm3), NaF (10 g/dm3), NaH2PO4 (5 g/dm3), Na2SiO2·5H2O (10 g/dm3) and water. Two different voltages (120 V and 140 V) were used in the MAO process. The alloys protected by an oxide layer formed in the MAO were then the subject of corrosion resistance tests in an environment simulating the human body (Ringer’s solution). After the experiments, the resulting samples were investigated using SEM, XPS and EDS techniques. The addition of Gd affected the fragmentation of the coating structure, thereby increasing the specific surface; higher voltages during the MAO process increased the number and size of surface pores. Corrosion tests showed that the MgCa4.5Gd0.5 alloys were characterized by low polarization resistances and high corrosion current densities. The studies indicated the disadvantageous influence of gadolinium on the corrosion resistance of MgCa4.5 alloys. The immersion tests confirmed lower corrosion resistance of MgCa4.5Gd0.5 alloys compared to the referenced MgCa4.5 ones. The MgCa4.5 alloy with the MAO coating established at voltage 140 V demonstrated the best anticorrosion properties.

scholarly journals Nanoindentation-Based Micro-Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Quench-Hardened, Tempered Low-Carbon Steel

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad ArslanHafeez ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Arshad ◽  
Malik AdeelUmer
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hno3 Solution ◽  
Quench Hardening

The nanoindentation technique is widely used to measure the micro-scale mechanical properties of various materials. Herein, the nanoindentation-based micro-mechanical and electrochemical properties of low-carbon steel were investigated after quench hardening and tempering processes. The steel was produced on a laboratory scale and subjected to quench hardening separately in two different media-water and brine (10 wt% NaCl)-and subsequent moderate temperature tempering. Microstructure analysis revealed that the lath martensite phase formed after all heat treatments, having different carbon percentages ranging from 0.26% to 0.58%. A ferrite phase was also observed in the microstructure in three different morphologies, i.e., allotriomorphic ferrite, idiomorphic ferrite, and Widmanstätten ferrite. Nanoindentation analysis showed that the brine quench hardening process provided a maximum twofold improvement in indentation hardness and a 51% improvement in stiffness with a 30% reduction in reduced elastic modulus compared with as-received steel. Electrochemical performance was also evaluated in a 1% HNO3 solution. The water quench-hardened and tempered sample exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, whereas the brine quench-hardened sample exhibited the lowest corrosion resistance among all heat-treated samples.

scholarly journals Effects of Rare Earth (Ce and La) on Steel Corrosion Behaviors under Wet-Dry Cycle Immersion Conditions

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Xintong Lian ◽  
Jianan Zhu ◽  
Ruiqian Wang ◽  
Tengshi Liu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

Rare earth (RE) elements are beneficial to improving corrosion properties in low-carbon and low-alloy steels. In this paper, corrosion performance of Q235B steel and Q355B steel samples after RE alloying under wet-dry cycle immersion conditions were analyzed. Experimental results show that corrosion rate was significantly decreased. It was probably due to the grain refinement by RE alloying, which increased the density of protective rust layers and improved corrosion resistance. The formation of small-sized spherical RE inclusions also inhibited the precipitation of MnS and weakened micro galvanic corrosion. Additionally, RE atoms tended to segregate towards grain boundaries and a RE concentration region is formed between rust layers and matrix to impede the access from contacting corrosive ions. A corrosion resistance schematic of RE atom segregation was proposed based on microstructure morphology and element distribution results.

scholarly journals Burnishing Operation for Corrosion Resistance Improvement of AISI 1017 Carbon Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Zeyad D. Kadhim ◽  
Mohammed Abdulraoof Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Suha Qays AL-Shahrabalee
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Resistance Improvement

This research deal with investigation the influence of burnishing operation on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel. The burnishing operation involve pressing a hard roller made from stainless steel on the surface of the rotatory shaft, this operation leads to the formation of a plastic deformation on the surface of the steel. Burnishing feed and burnishing speed were the variables which are used for this study. The first group involve hold burnishing speed on 125rpm with variable feeds of 0.6, 0.9, 1.5, 2 and 3mm/rev and the second group involve hold burnishing feed on 2 mm/rev with variable speed of 85, 125, 370, 800 and 1200rpm. The corrosion test was done via applying potentiostat at 23ºC in sample of water from Tigress River at upstream Samara’a barrage and groundwater (Yousifia salt well 90m below ground surface). The result showed that there was improvement in corrosion resistance of the steel were the corrosion rate reduced from 7.577 mpy to 0.685 mpy in sample of water from Tigress River and from 8.878 mpy to 1.38 mpy sample of water from groundwater.

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