scholarly journals Wczesny monastycyzm w relacji do władzy biskupiej i papieskiej

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Olga Cyrek
Keyword(s):  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The article describes the relationship between the first monks and the Church hierarchy represented by the bishops and popes. Bishops often mingled in the internal affairs of monastic communities, but some organizers of monastic life, such as Caesarius of Arles limited the interference from the outside. Abbots in Ireland while they become more important than bishops. Basil the Great, Augustine of Hippo, Caesarius of Arles, though they were monks, they exercised their functions well in positions of church and maintained friendly relations with the popes. A unique situation is the abbot of St. Columba the Younger, who in Gaul is involved in disputes with the local hierarchy. He did not agree even with the pope, but never openly spoke out against the Apostolic Seat. Monks usually do not lead to the riots but were respectful for the representatives of ecclesiastical authority.

scholarly journals Biskupi i mnisi w Kościele Wschodu pod panowaniem Sasanidów = Bishops and monks in the Church of the East in the Sassanian period

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Adam Izdebski
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Church Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This paper studies the relationship between Church hierarchy and monastic groups in the Syriac Church of the East in late antiquity (during the period of the Sassanian rule). Previous scholarship on this subject assumed the existence of a ‘natural’ conflict between the bishops and the monks in the East Syriac world of late antiquity. In this respect, it followed the early medieval eastern Syriac sources, which were created by monks themselves – and in all probability, these authors significantly rewrote the earlier history of their own Church. In this study, instead of relying on later sources, I propose to focus on the evidence that actually survives from late antiquity, that is the normative sources. These are collections of canons produced by the synods of the Church of the East that took place between ad 410 and ad 605. A detailed analysis of these sources leads to the conclusion that the relationship between the bishops and the monks in this particular Church was not characterized by a permanent, ‘natural’ conflict. Rather, subsequent policies that the bishops pursued vis-à-vis the monks were part of larger projects of church reform, that occurred almost one generation after another. These reforms had to do with the dynamic growth of the Church of the East, its integration into the Sassanian society, but also with the increasing challenge posed by the eastward expansion of the Monophysite West-Syriac Church structures and monastic communities, which in many places in Iraq and Iran seemed to threaten the very existence of the Church of the East.

Religious Diplomacy and Socialism

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Lucian N. Leustean
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article analyzes the relationship between the Orthodox Church and the communist regime during one of the most intense periods of religious persecution in the Romanian People's Republic from 1956 to 1959. The church hierarchy demonstrated its support for the socialist construction of the country, while, at the same time, the regime began a campaign against religion by arresting clergy and reducing the number of religious people in monasteries; rumours even circulated that in 1958 Patriarch Justinian was under house arrest. Seeking closer contact with Western Europe, the regime allowed the hierarchy to meet foreign clergymen, especially from the Church of England. These diplomatic religious encounters played a double role. The regime realised that it could benefit from international ecclesiastical relations, while the image of Justinian in the West changed from that of “red patriarch” to that of a leader who was genuinely interested in his church's survival.

scholarly journals Inspection of the Monastic Hegumens of Lviv Union Eparchy in 1724

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Andrii Pavlyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Xviii Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Real State

The aim of the research is to introduce an important source of the history of the church, in particular the monasticism of the Lviv Union eparchy of the first half of the XVIII century into scientific circulation – “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”. The methodology of the researchis based on the principles of historicism, analytical and synthetic critique of sources. Comparative and typological general historical methods are also used.The scientific noveltyis in the introduction of the source, which most fully reflects the real state of monasticism of the Lviv eparchy in the first quarter of the XVIII century into wide circulation for the first time. Conclusions: As a result of archival searches, a historical source “Inspection of the hegumens of Lviv eparchyin 1724”was discovered and put into scientific circulation. It is the first complete description of the existing monasteries of the Lviv dioceseand allows to recreate their detailed network at the first quarter of the XVIII century. For the first time, the document also reliably outlines the number of monastic communities in the eparchy. Onthebasisofinspection it can be stated that the Lviv Union diocesein 1724 had 62 monasteries with 341 monks. The source also allows us to trace the power of bishops over monasteries, in particular the mechanism of hegumens subordination to bishops. The document contains valuable information about the relationship of monasteries, in particular the subordination of smaller monastic communities to larger ones. No less important are the sources about the economic situation of the monasteries.In 1724, only 34 out of 62 monasteries, showed documents for the right to own some land plots, which allows us to speak of a relatively modest monastic farming. “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”, is a key source that allows us to characterize not only the state of monasteries, but also the Lviv eparchy in general in the first decades after the adoption of the Brest Union by the diocese.

Illuminating the Saint

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-135
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
Female Authority ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Chapter 3 establishes the relationship between Radegund’s foundations after her death. The abbesses engaged in the local community especially with their dependent canons at the church of Sainte-Radegonde. The nuns of Sainte-Croix cultivated friendships with Frankish monarchs and created an illuminated manuscript of Radegund’s vitae that presented the saint and her community as powerful, relevant, and well-connected. These illuminations emphasized that the foundress had willingly embraced claustration, a choice that positively reflected upon the monastic life and power of the nuns living in her community. They stressed Radegund’s ability to work miracles, and located that miraculous power with Sainte-Croix. This presentation of Radegund’s identity trumpeted the glory of Sainte-Croix and the power of a female monastic. Visible on the abbey church’s altar to the canons of Sainte-Radegonde and visiting patrons, the illuminations presented a powerful image of female authority at a time when the position of Sainte-Croix’s abbesses was threatened.

The Greek Orthodox Church and Africa: Missions between the Light of Universalism and the Shadow of Nationalism

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-267
Author(s):  
G. P. Makris
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The present article considers the socio-political conditions and the character of the Greek Orthodox Church's missionary activities, taking Nigeria as a case par excellence of the hopes and tensions inherent in the project. As such, the analysis touches only lightly upon the subject of Eastern Orthodox presence in Africa in general, as that would have meant an extended study of the relationship between the Patriarchate of Alexandria, the various Greek immigrant communities, and the multiplicity of local Christianities. The latter are discussed from the point of view of the Church hierarchy in Greece as well as in Nigeria. For this reason, the article is meant as an introduction to the issue and should be complemented with ethnographic material from Nigeria.

scholarly journals Orthodoxy and Loyalty: from Social Tension to the Choice Between the Government and the Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 264-298
Author(s):  
Maria M. Mchedlova ◽  
◽  
Elena N. Kofanova ◽  
Aleksandr G. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The problem of the stabilizing / destabilizing influence of the religious factor on the social and political system of the Russian Federation is actualized in the context of institutional and non-institutional influence, including the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the degree of citizens’ loyalty to the government and reaction to the COVID challenge. For this purpose, the positions of Orthodox and atheists on various issues are compared; in addition, two groups are distinguished within the Orthodox — involved in religious life respondents and not involved in it. Differences in the assessments of the situation in the country, social tension, their trust in state and public institutions, their social expectations, and their attitude to life, including their attitude to freedom and state support, are studied. Differences between groups are investigated not only in opinions, but also in behavior — in civil and political participation, with the statement of a higher level of activism among the Orthodox involved respondents. The reaction of these groups to modern challenges, in particular, to the pandemic, is analyzed; various reactions and actions of bishops in the regions, “covid-dissidence” of a part of the Church hierarchy, as well as the dispersion of the studied groups are noted.

scholarly journals Caesaropapism and the Reality of the 4th–5th Century Roman Empire

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Rafał Marek
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Simple Pattern ◽  
New Model ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Christian Society

The relationships between the secular authorities and the ecclesiastical hierarchy in the Roman Empire of the discussed epoch do not follow the simple pattern known as “caesaropapism” or other similar models of sovereign’s supremacy over the church hierarchy within the “State church”. The reality was much more complex then, since a new model, known as “symphony” began to develop. The notion of “symphony” should be understood as a kind of close cooperation of both powers within the uniform Christian society. Popes strongly affirmed the primacy of Rome within the church. At that time the theory of Pope Gelasius and the doctrine of St. Augustine played a prominent role. Nevertheless, these ideas were not widely received in the East. Later on, the Gelasian and Augustinian theories begun to be studied and appreciated in the scholastic milieu, where the new model of the relationship between the secular and papal power was developing.

Moving Forward in Catholicism

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Stefania Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
Monastic Communities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizational Innovations ◽  
The Catholic Church

The aim of this article is to analyse the organizational innovations which monastic communities established after Vatican Council II (“new monastic communities”) introduced with the aim of renewing monastic life. The article will also consider the problems in the relationship between these communities and the Catholic Church, which arise as the result of such innovations. The first section reports the main results of empirical research carried out on new monastic communities in Italy, looking in particular at how such innovations were introduced. The second section begins with the question of canonical recognition of these new communities by the Catholic Church, and discusses the relationships between innovation, recognition and legitimation

scholarly journals Koncepcja państwa i władcy w myśli politycznej Pawła Orozjusza

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-468
Author(s):  
Marcin Tomasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
Political Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eusebius Of Caesarea ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
The Church ◽  
Special Protection

In this article, the author tries to present Paul Orosius’s political doctrine, taking its connection with the tradition of imperial theology of Eusebius of Caesarea and the philosophy of Augustine of Hippo as references. The main source material is the historiographic study of Orosius from the beginning of the 5th century – Seven Books of History Against the Pagans. The considerations focus on the interpretation of four key themes: the Roman Empire, monotheism, peace, and Christianity. Orosius shares the prevalent belief of Christian writers of the late antiquity, that God gives special protection to the Roman Empire. He emphasizes the importance of the peace that prevailed in the time of Augustus, and gives theological and political interpretation of the temporal coincidence of Octavian’s reign and Christ’s birth. On the basis of proper interpretation of symbolic historical events, Orosius built a kind of political ecclesiology. This doctrine advanced the principal that the Roman state and the Church were united by a common mission to promote the Christian faith. At the same time, in Book Seven, Orosius confronts an attempt at the historiosophical interpretation of barbarian invasions that threatened the prosperity of the empire. Based on factual material, he relativizes the relationship between the Roman Empire and Christianity. The state appears as a subsidiary power to the Church’s evangelizing mission, which concept is also reflected in the ethos of the good ruler proposed by Orosius.

scholarly journals The reasons for the conclusion of the union and the relation in the process of conservative and radical influence in the Brest region

2016 ◽  
pp. 150-165
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Lypynsʹkyy
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Complete Rupture ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

In his work "Religion and Church in the History of Ukraine," V.Lipinsky primarily answers the question: Did Volodymyr the Great accept Christianity in the time when Byzantium was still in connection with Rome and the prince was "Uniate", but "Orthodox" ? Volodymyr the Great accepted Christianity in time when there was no official gap between Byzantium and Rome, but the relationship between these two Christian hierarchies was already very tense from the days of Photius, which is about a century before Vladimir baptism. The controversy over the primacy between the Pontiffs and the Constantinople Patriarchs did not accept yet the character of the complete rupture and these two hierarchies, arguing with zeal among themselves, all of them mutually recognized. In this mutual recognition of the church hierarchy, there was a connection between the two churches, which already differed considerably in their spirit.

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