Ocena stanu zdrowia podejrzanego w postępowaniu karnym

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-312
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Żywucka-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Complicated Task

The medical condition of human is the domain of medical science. This issue is also interesting for other fields of science. Psychology and law are anexample. The assessment of human health is a complicated task. Specialists must have considerable knowledge to check the psychological state of theperpetrator and to eliminate the criminal liability of the perpetrator if the premises are preserved.

scholarly journals A Decision-Making Model for Deterring Food Vendors from Selling Harmless Low-Quality Foods as High-Quality Foods to Consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Food Adulteration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Decision Making Model

For certain types of foods, food vendors often label low-quality foods that are harmless to human health as foods of excellent quality and sell these falsely labeled products to consumers. Because this type of food poses no harm to human health, when public health units discover their act of false labeling or food adulteration, vendors are only penalized with a fine rather than having them assume criminal liability. Upon discovering vendors act of falsely labeling food, public health units typically punish the involved parties according to the extent of false labeling. Such static protective measure is ineffective. Instead, the extent of punishment should be based not only on the extent of false labeling, but also on the frequency of food sampling as well as the number of samples obtained for food inspections. Only through this dynamic approach can food adulteration or false labeling be effectively prevented. Adopting the standpoint of the public sector in food safety management, this study developed a mathematical model that facilitates discussion on the aforementioned problems. Furthermore, we discussed how the supply-demand environmental factors of the food market are influenced by the administrative means that the public health units have used to prevent food false labeling.

scholarly journals Application of the non-infectious epidemiology bases to solve hygiene problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Rusakov ◽  
Yury A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Ekaterina V. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Scientific Justification

The efforts of various branches of medical science, among which hygiene and epidemiology are of leading importance, aim at preventing human diseases. They have much in common since they aim at studying the causes, mechanisms, patterns, and consequences of human diseases and scientific justification of ways to prevent them. Although there are already more than the extensive experience of their joint use to combat various health pathologies, epidemiological approaches and methods of relevant research in hygiene are not to be applied appropriately. In hygienic studies, somebody paid more attention to the investigation of the properties, characteristics, and features of various positive and, especially, adverse environmental factors than to their impact on human health, the development and registration of the resulting health or pathological processes, including the analysis of the features of the manifestation and course of environmentally caused diseases of the population. Since the health of the population is mostly determined by sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic well-being, this article highlights the need for interaction of these disciplines.

scholarly journals Extrajudicial Forms of Protecting Rights and Freedoms of a Person in the Field of Criminal Law Relations: Conceptual Aspects and Improvement of State Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Alexander Smirnov ◽  
Andrey Santashov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Legal Forms

The article describes the conceptual basis for a new special research theory — extrajudicial forms of protecting rights and freedoms of a person in the field of criminal law relations. The authors introduce the concept of these forms and their system consisting of legal and non-legal forms of such protection. It is concluded that the reaction of the state to the implementation of legal extrajudicial forms of protecting rights and freedoms of a person in the field of criminal law relations should be improved with the purpose of ensuring greater justice when making decisions on criminal prosecution for the self-defense of the legal status of a person in the analyzed sphere of relations. The authors offer a number of suggestions on changes and amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that would improve the effectiveness of this reaction. On the other hand, non-legal forms of self-defense in the field of criminal law relations should be prevented. The authors present a list of factors determining the existence of these forms in the Russian society, some of which, due to certain circumstances both in the past and present period of the deve­lopment of Russian state and society, have an «excusable» character. These factors include both global (the spread of various discrimination practices, ideas of extremism and religious radicalism; the escalation of violence) and national factors (historical predetermination of state and public development; features of cultural development of the Russian society; specifics of the implementation of state policy and public administration activities; drawbacks of criminal law regulation of social processes and law enforcement activities; destructive practices of social relations; moral and psychological state of the society; influence of propaganda; defective educational and pedagogical influences, etc.). The authors also present a system of preventive measures aimed at eradicating non-legal forms of the analyzed extrajudicial protection. This system includes measures of developing a state reaction to crimes that would correspond to social expectations, ensuring a greater strictness of criminal law, unavoidability of prosecution, as well as measures of moral rehabilitation of the Russian society, raising the level of its legal conscience and culture. The authors suggest the introduction of a norm that establishes criminal liability for usurping the power of the court connected with the administration of justice.

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY ON AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF VATAHATA VARTMA (PTOSIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2955-2959
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Neelannavar ◽  
Vijayamahantesh Hugar ◽  
Varsha Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Functional Deterioration

Vatahata Vartma is a condition of Vartma where in the Vartma-Shuklagata Sandhi is afflicted by vitiated Vata leading to Vimukta Sandhi (functional deterioration of the Shuklavartmagata Sandhi which facilitates the movement of eyelids), Nischeshta (no or reduced eyelids activity), Nimilayati (unable to close the eyelids). The signs and symptoms of Vatahata Vartma can be corelated to Ptosis in modern medical science. Ptosis is a medical condition in which there will be drooping or falling of upper eyelid. The condition worsens when there is exhaustion of the extra ocular muscles. This condition can be either uni-ocular or binocular. If the condition is left untreated, it can lead to complications. Surgical intervention is the only line of treatment mentioned for ptosis in contemporary science. Ayurveda has mentioned different treatment modalities for similar conditions. This paper highlights a case study of Vatahata Vartma (ptosis) managed with Ayurvedic line of treatment with Mukhabhyanga, Sweda, Nasya, Akshipindi and Akshi Tarpana. Keywords: Vatahata Vartma, Ptosis, Nasya, Akshitarpana, Akshipindi

scholarly journals Emotional Substrates in Neuroticism: The Reactions to Arousal-evoking Stimuli of Various Strengths

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Nasir Yusoff ◽  
Faruque Reza ◽  
Nik NurAzhani Anuar ◽  
Roslee Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Emotional Pictures

Objective: Neuroticism is a medical condition associated with negative affect and is considered to predispose one to mental disorders. This study examined the effectsof arousal-evoking stimuli of various strengths on the severity of neuroticism. Materials and Methods: In the Event Related Potential (ERP)/electroencephalograph (EEG) recording session that was held at the Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory at a local hospital, Electroencephalogram was recorded in 58 participants (N=29 for moderate neuroticism and 29 for mild neuroticism) after they were screened for the severity of the neurotic trait. Universal emotional pictures were chosen randomly from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and were used as visual stimuli in the experiment. Visual stimuli weredivided into three categories (high, moderate, low) based on the IAPS normative mean values of arousal. Results: The significant interaction effect of P300 latency between neuroticism and arousal strength was found in the mid-frontal region. Meanwhile, independent of neuroticism, the main effects of arousal strength of the P300 (amplitude and latency) and N200 (latency) were observed in the mid-central region. Conclusion: There is a significant interaction between the severity of neuroticism and the emotional arousal strength, thus, points to the implication of the emotion process in the brain rewards system especially among individuals with neuroticism. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.262-267

scholarly journals Etiological Factors& Clinical Courses of Birth Asphyxia in Rural and Urban Population of Kishanganj District.

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar Mandal ◽  
Prasant Kumar ◽  
Uday Shankar Prasad ◽  
Shyamali Datta ◽  
Indranil Dawn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Rural And Urban

Problem statement : perinatal asphyxia, neonatal or birth asphyxia is a medical condition from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant long enough during the process to cause physical usually to the brain. And it is almost all neonatal deaths occur in our rural and urban area. Where the majority is delivered at homes with negligible antenatal care and poor prenatal services.Methods: In this collaborative study conducted prospective, descriptive study. As a case of 150 newborn babies and as a control 1190 newborn babies are fulfilled the selection criteria for prenatal and birth asphyxia .Results: Incidence of birth asphyxia in relation to ante partum and intrapartum factors. And shows that mother with complication like eclampsia, APH, PROM, cord accidents, failed progress of labor, obstructive labor & prolong 2nd stage of labor, etc were more likely to deliver asphyxiated baby, and analysis of maternal risk factors for birth asphyxia. Many pathological, biochemical & metabolic changes occurs as a result of birth asphyxia. And the data were analyzed by slandered statistical test, namely, Z test, Chi square test, and uniovariate and ultivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factor.Conclusion: In our study it was observed that, Pregnancy related complication in rural & urban population of Kishanganj district was mostly Eclampsia, pre-eclamptic toxaemia, Oligohydramnios, PROM(M24hr) etc. To prevent birth asphyxia trained personal and neonatal resuscitation equipment should be mandatory in all maternity home/hospital because prevention is the best and be only option to reduce the Pre natal & birth asphyxia.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.554-556

scholarly journals MODERN VIEW OF DIAGNOSIS AND APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN IN CHILDREN WITH PARALYTIC SYNDROMES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(42)) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
N. Orlova ◽  
O. Riga
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Mechanisms

Over the past decades, more and more attention in medical science has been paid to the diagnosis and study of pain mechanisms in the pediatric population. According to experts in the field of chronic pain in children, it occurs in 12% of all pediatric patients, which negatively affects the quality of children’s life and life of their families. Today, a particularly important problem in most countries of the world is pain in children with paralytic syndromes of III - V level according to GMFCS. About 20-35% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from chronic pain. Although there are means and knowledge on how to treat pain, children's pain is often not recognized, ignored, or even denied. More than 50% of children with paralytic syndromes suffer from moderate to severe pain daily and in several parts of the body. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an unpleasant, sensual, and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or perceived tissue damage. The inability to communicate verbally does not negate the possibility that the individual is in pain and needs appropriate analgesic treatment. Pain is always subjective ... ". Determining the type of pain helps to identify its cause, which can guide the choice of treatment. The main cause of pain in children includes acute nociceptive pain (ie pain caused by activation of peripheral nerve endings, including somatic and visceral pain), neuropathic pain (ie due to damage or dysfunction of the somatosensory system), psychosocial - spiritual - emotional pain. Chronic pain is a continuous or intermittent pain that lasts longer than the expected normal recovery period. Chronic pain can also occur and persist in the absence of a specific pathophysiology or medical condition. The expression of pain depends on a child's age, cognitive development and socio-cultural context.

Xanthine Oxidase Perspective in Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santwona Dash ◽  
Sabita Pattanayak ◽  
Barsarani Jena ◽  
Manasa Kumar Panda ◽  
Yengkhom Disco Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Blood Assay ◽  
Essential Enzyme

: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an essential enzyme in catalyzing hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid in the kidney. Excessive formation of uric acid can lead to hyperuricemia (HUA), a condition caused by excess uric acid contamination in the blood.HUA is responsible for various diseases in the body, such as gout, cardiovascular, and renal failure. It is also associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and their metabolic pathways, including tumors, chronic hypoxia, renal injury, and hypertension. XO is a superoxide producing enzyme usually confined to lungs, liver, and blood serum. Blood assay and diagnostics for XO help in a better understanding of its associated diseases in the human body. The mechanism of how XO is released in the bloodstream is a matter of debate in medical science. In the current review article, we comprehensively discussed the role of XO in human health, inhibitors, and their regulation, isolation, and extractions of inhibitors from plants, types, and their activities towards the human health perspective are concerned.

scholarly journals Die medikausering van die samelewing

Curationis ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Medical Establishment ◽  
Sharp Criticism

Until a decade or two ago there existed a widely held belief that mankind had slowly but surely been rid of its diseases by medical science. According to this view advances in medicine coincided with the transformation in human health. After an initial period of wonder about the marvels of medical science, certain doubts came into being: the honeymoon period with the marvels of medical technology showed signs of disillusionment. Criticism was voiced which ranged from mere statements that the successes of medical technology were less spectacular than was widely held, to very sharp criticism of the institution of medicine. Criticism came not only from outside the medical profession - social scientists, jurists, politicians, social critics, etc. - but also from inside - from medical scientists and doctors - who denounced both the autonomy and authority of the medical professional, and what was termed the medicalisation of society. The most pugnacious of these critics, Ivan Illich, said of the medical establishment that it had become a major threat to health.

scholarly journals The Concept of Black Bile and Its Importance in Maintenance of Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Syeda Kharshiya Saher ◽  
Mohd. Zulkifle ◽  
Wasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Ancient Times

Unani system of medicine is known for its potential since ancient times. Elite Unani philosophers are credited for proposing consolidated theories and unleashing medical science from the domain of deities and demons. They have set the goal of medicine as prevention as well as cure of disease. Both the health and the disease are described in its own way in respect of functions. Unani philosophers contemplated that human body is composed of three basic components; solid (body organs), liquid (humours), gaseous (pneuma). The liquid substances of the body are collectively called as Akhlāṭ (humours). Every humour serves some specific and general functions. Basically, these are approximate principle for nutrition of organs. Black bile is one among the humours responsible for the health and the disease in the body. A right proportion of black bile keeps the body healthy, but disproportion of it causes deadly diseases. It is a fact that everything in the body is directly, or indirectly related with the four humours. In present study, a comprehensive explanation of black bile is given. Much emphasis is given on the genesis of normal and abnormal black bile. All factors responsible for alteration in black bile are enumerated thoroughly in the study. It is believed that the present work would help the reader in better understanding of the concept of black bile and their effect on the human health. Methodology: Relevant literary material is collected from classical books of Unani system of medicine. Present work is an attempt to analyse and systematize collected relevant literary information regarding the concept of black bile and their effect on the human health. Interpretation and conclusion: From the contents of literature; it is clear that black bile is the sediment of normal blood. It is the last to arise and receives the coarse, most meagre share of nutrients and has a retentive virtue, a cooling, drying, astringing, precipitating, condensing, solidifying effect on the metabolism necessary for building the bones, teeth and all dense, solid structures of the body. The black bile is an essential humour that keeps the body healthy. Therefore; an optimal level of black bile plays an important role in maintenance of health as other three humours. An imbalance in quality and quantity of black bile is responsible for the diseases. Key words: Akhlāṭ Arba‘a (humours); Sawdāʼ (black bile); health; disease.

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