scholarly journals Methodological Aspects of the Typology of Regions and Territorial Formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Vera Borisova ◽  
Michał Bilczak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Special Role ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Density Factor ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Territorial Systems

This paper presents the typology of regions in developed countries. It includes illustrated scientific concepts of describing development of regional territorial systems based on local cores used as the basis for the typology. The article identifies typologies, highlighting reasons behind the attractiveness of individual regions for capital and labour; as well as links among economic operators. Typology methods for European regions are discussed, including typologies associated with transport accessibility, economic specialisation and the functional structure of regions. In most typologies, the basic developmental factors and solutions to practical issues are taken into account. A special role is played by typologies that are associated with economic growth and those that take into consideration a GDP per capita increase; along with the population density factor. Attention is drawn to the use of research on the typology of regions with regards to developmental planning, modelling and strategizing.

The Environmental Kuznets Curve

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is a hypothesized relationship between environmental degradation and GDP per capita. In the early stages of economic growth, pollution emissions and other human impacts on the environment increase, but beyond some level of GDP per capita (which varies for different indicators), the trend reverses, so that at high income levels, economic growth leads to environmental improvement. This implies that environmental impacts or emissions per capita are an inverted U-shaped function of GDP per capita. The EKC has been the dominant approach among economists to modeling ambient pollution concentrations and aggregate emissions since Grossman and Krueger introduced it in 1991 and is even found in introductory economics textbooks. Despite this, the EKC was criticized almost from the start on statistical and policy grounds, and debate continues. While concentrations and also emissions of some local pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, have clearly declined in developed countries in recent decades, evidence for other pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, is much weaker. Initially, many understood the EKC to imply that environmental problems might be due to a lack of sufficient economic development, rather than the reverse, as was conventionally thought. This alarmed others because a simplistic policy prescription based on this idea, while perhaps addressing some issues like deforestation or local air pollution, could exacerbate environmental problems like climate change. Additionally, many of the econometric studies that supported the EKC were found to be statistically fragile. Some more recent research integrates the EKC with alternative approaches and finds that the relation between environmental impacts and development is subtler than the simple picture painted by the EKC. This research shows that usually, growth in the scale of the economy increases environmental impacts, all else held constant. However, the impact of growth might decline as countries get richer, and richer countries are likely to make more rapid progress in reducing environmental impacts. Finally, there is often convergence among countries, so that countries that have relatively high levels of impacts reduce them more quickly or increase them more slowly, all else held constant.

Konwergencja beta, sigma i gamma krajów postsocjalistycznych do Europy Zachodniej

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-243
Author(s):  
Mariusz Próchniak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Γ Convergence ◽  
Over Time

The study aims to verify the existence of convergence of 28 European Union (EU) members and 16 non-EU post-socialist countries. The analysis covers the 1995–2018 period. The research has also been conducted for shorter subperiods: 1995–2004, 2004–2018, and 2010–2018. Three types of convergence are taken into account: beta (less developed countries exhibit a faster rate of economic growth than more developed ones), sigma (income differentiation decreases over time), and gamma (countries change their ranks in the GDP per capita ranking). The study confirms the existence of β-, σ-, and γ-convergence in both groups of countries. Convergence, however, is not an automatic phenomenon and there are years in which σ-divergence and γ-divergence were observed.

scholarly journals Natural disasters, information/communication technologies, foreign direct investment and economic growth in developed countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Benali ◽  
Rochdi Feki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

This paper investigates the causal relationship between natural disasters (DMS), information and communication technologies (ICT), foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP per capita) for 10 developed countries over the period 1990 to 2016. Panel DOLS and FMOLS results show that there is a positive relationship running from ICT to natural disasters and to foreign direct investment. In addition, ICT have a positive effect on GDP per capita. VECM Granger causality analysis results reveal a unidirectional causality in the short and long term from ICT to natural disaster and to FDI at the 5% and 10% levels. Therefore, one may note that there is a unidirectional relationship running from natural disaster to GDP and a bidirectional relationship between FDI and GDP.

PENGARUH TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-243
Author(s):  
Erni Setiawati ◽  
Wahyu Al Qoodir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The Effect of Technology on Economic Growth. The research objective was to qualitatively analyze the effect of technological progress on economic growth, as well as the positive and negative impacts of technological developments on the economy. The research model used is a qualitative research method, namely research based on theories contained in the literature, more in the nature of descriptive and narrative descriptions. The theoretical foundation is used as a guide. Data collection uses literature studies or library research (Library Research, which is a technique of gathering information through data collection by tracing important documents that are related and relevant to the object under study. Data and information are obtained from literature books, articles scientific research, theses, dissertations, encyclopedias, internet, and other sources Data and information obtained from library studies in the form of academic texts, photos, graphics, journals, policy briefs, or pamphlets, banners, and journalistic reports. data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions / verification The research results show that technology is very influential on the economy of a country. The economy is measured by Economic Growth or the value of GDP and GDP per capita. Developed countries (America, China, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Singapore) with their modern technology, their economic growth rate is always positive and stable, although it can experience negative growth, the growth gap is not too big. GDP per capita is very high. Likewise, poor and underdeveloped countries (African continent) have started to catch up by starting to make business innovations using modern technologies. The impact felt by their economy began to move up, marked by high economic growth (YoY GDP), GDP per capita also started to move up.   Keywords: technology, per capita income, economic growth, GDP

scholarly journals ICT and Economic Growth Nexus: Case of Central Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Tursun Shodiev ◽  
Bakhodir Turayey ◽  
Kamoliddin Shodiyev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Government of Uzbekistan declared the year of 2020 as “The Year of Science, Education and Development of the Digital Economy” and is implementing the State Program, aiming at to liberalize the economy, improve market related incentives, encourage private enterprises, to reduce the role of the public sector by introducing ICT and Internet, developing digital economy. In order to understand the causal relationship between ICT investment and economic growth researchers have exert many effort in the world. The results are different: in developed countries the impact of ICT on economic growth is more powerful than in developing countries. This paper aims at finding and measuring causality between Economic growth and ICT development in emerging economies of Central Asian Countries by using panel data over  the period of  19 years  from 2000 – 2018. The research findings revealed that inflation, trade openness, final consumption expenditure and unemployment impact significantly on GDP per capita in Central Asian countries.  The econometric analysis showed  that ICT affects to GDP per capita positively and significantly: one percent increase in ICT contributes to GDP per capita 0.1669 percent (fixed broadband subscriptions) and 0.2218 percent (internet usage).Thus we concluded that information and communication technology together with economic indicators are key part of economic development in Central Asian countries. Reduction of inflation and unemployment allow expanding businesses, to create new job places in the digital economy.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND PRIMORSKOGORANSKA COUNTY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH∗

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Nada Karaman Aksentijevic ◽  
Zoran Jezic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Human Resources Development ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Educational Structures ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Per Capita

In the theoretical part of research authors will establish connections and diversities between human capital and human resources categories. In the empirical part of research, via HDI, it will be evaluated the development of human resources in Republic Of Croatia and in Primorsko-goranska County and in will be evaluated relation between HDI and GDP per capita of Croatia and in Primorsko-goranska County. Authors will also analyze how much development of human resources has contributed to the economic growth of Republic Of Croatia. In order to demonstrate this it will be measured influence of investment, employment and educational structures (the indirect indicator of development of human resources) on the growth of GDP in the period of 1997-2005 with usage of regression analyses.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Antonia Gkergki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth from 1968 to 2019 in Greece, by employing the vector error-correction model estimation. A series of econometric tests are employed concerning the stationary of the data, and the co-integration and the relationship among the variables during the long- and short-term. The em-pirical results suggest that there is no bidirectional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, GDP per capita does not affect the energy consump-tion of the three primary sources either in the long-term or the short-term. In other words, the economic crisis and its implications for GDP do not affect energy consumption, and they are not responsible for the considerable decrease in energy sources' consumption. On the other hand, the energy consumption of oil and coal negatively affect the GDP per capita. These re-sults are different from previous studies' conclusions for Greece; this is because the never been experienced before. These findings raise new research questions and also show the limi-tations of the Greek market, as it is regulated and controlled by the government.

scholarly journals How Much Does Economic Growth Contribute to Child Stunting Reductions?

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Mary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Per Capita

The role of economic growth in reducing child undernutrition remains an open and highly debated question that holds important implications for food security strategies. The empirical evidence has been quite contrasted, primarily in regard to the magnitude of the impacts. Yet, most studies have not (appropriately) accounted for the reverse causality between economic growth and child stunting. Using a dataset of 74 developing countries observed between 1984 and 2014, this paper develops a novel approach accounting for the reverse causal effect of stunting on GDP per capita and finds that the impacts of economic growth are much lower than estimated in most previous studies. A 10% increase in GDP per capita reduces child stunting prevalence by 2.7%. In other words, economic growth is modestly pro-poor. We also estimate that a percentage point increase in child stunting prevalence results in a 0.4% decrease in GDP per capita. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that stunting costs on average about 13.5% of GDP per capita in developing countries.

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