scholarly journals Dimensions of Culture and the Size of the Shadow Economy in the Member States of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Paulina Pukin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Shadow Economies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
High Level ◽  
European Union Member States

This article discusses connections between dimensions of culture and the size of the shadow economy in the European Union member states. Critical perusal of the literature led to the development of the theoretical ground, while statistical analysis revealed connections between the shadow economy and the dimensions of culture. The research findings suggest a strong stochastic relation of the culture in a given country and the size of its shadow economy. Countries with a high level of complacency, distrust of the authorities, collectivism and aversion to uncertainty are characterized by shadow economies of a substantial size.

scholarly journals Rethinking the shadow economy in terms of happiness. Evidence for the European Union Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Violeta ACHIM ◽  
Sorin Nicolae BORLEA ◽  
Lucian Vasile GĂBAN ◽  
Ionut Constantin CUCEU
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Member States ◽  
The People ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
European Union Member States

This paper’s goal is to highlight how happiness affects the level of shadow economy, by using many control variables within different types of potentially determining factors of shadow economy. Another main contribution consists in the systematic comparison between old and new European Union member states in terms of determinants of shadow economy, including happiness. Our findings consist in the fact that happier people are more likely to act honestly, thus causing a decrease in the size of shadow economy and this result is valid both for old and new European Union countries. In addition, we found that the quality of public governance and the richness of a country are associated with a lower propensity towards shadow economy for all the member states. However, the relationship between public governance and shadow economy are never sig-nificant when the happiness and richness variables vary simultaneously. Our research reveals that the shadow economy in European Union countries is explained in percent of about 62% by richness and happiness of the people. Contrary to our expectations, the fiscal pressure seems not to be a determinant for shadow economy in the European Union space.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity and Competitiveness of Entrepreneurial Processes in the European Union with Special Attention on Croatia as Candidate Country

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenja Pušnik ◽  
Maks Tajnikar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Level ◽  
European Union Member States

Heterogeneity and Competitiveness of Entrepreneurial Processes in the European Union with Special Attention on Croatia as Candidate CountryThe paper investigates the efficiency of entrepreneurial processes in European Union member states and Croatia as a European Union candidate country. The authors follow the model of Davidsson (2004), who argues that entrepreneurial activity originates in three waves: the wave of ability, need and opportunity for entrepreneurship; the wave of perceptive ability, perceptive need and perceptive opportunity for entrepreneurship; and entrepreneurial motivation and activity. The authors of the paper argue that the efficiency of the transformations of one entrepreneurship wave to another can be measured by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on the basis of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database, which is a new approach to the analysis of entrepreneurial processes. The results indicate high level of heterogeneity of entrepreneurial processes among European Union member states. The authors give special attention to Croatia and conclude that the membership of Croatia in European Union would not threaten the entrepreneurial processes of this European Union candidate country.

scholarly journals Castaño avoids a clash between the ECtHR and the CJEU, but erodes Soering. Thinking human rights transnationally

2020 ◽  
pp. 203228442097974
Author(s):  
Sibel Top ◽  
Paul De Hert
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
European Union Member States

This article examines the changing balance established by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) between human rights filters to extradition and the obligation to cooperate and how this shift of rationale brought the Court closer to the position of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in that respect. The article argues that the ECtHR initially adopted a position whereby it prioritised human rights concerns over extraditions, but that it later nuanced that approach by establishing, in some cases, an obligation to cooperate to ensure proper respect of human rights. This refinement of its position brought the ECtHR closer to the approach adopted by the CJEU that traditionally put the obligation to cooperate above human rights concerns. In recent years, however, the CJEU also backtracked to some extent from its uncompromising attitude on the obligation to cooperate, which enabled a convergence of the rationales of the two Courts. Although this alignment of the Courts was necessary to mitigate the conflicting obligations of European Union Member States towards both Courts, this article warns against the danger of making too many human rights concessions to cooperation in criminal matters.

GLOBAL DIMENSION OF INNOVATION CAPACITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zayats ◽  
◽  
Tomash Yarema ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Innovative Capacity ◽  
European Union Member States

The article examines the essence of the global innovation capacity of the member states of the European Union and its interconncetion with involvement in the processes of international economic integration and disintegration. It is noted that the global innovative force has a significant impact on stable economic growth and competitive positions of any economic entity in the world arena. In addition, it was determined that the unification of countries into interstate integration groupings leads to the transformation of the innovation capacity of the member country and the formation of the innovation capacity of the international integration associations. As a result of the study, it was noted that today there is no single methodology for measuring innovative capacity. As part of the innovation capacity research of the European Union member states, the most prominent and frequently used method for measuring the innovation capacity of the country amongst of global economy, namely the global innovation index, is considered. The aim of this article is to compare the positions of the innovative capacity of the member states of the European Union and to study how the integration and disintegration processes in the European Union affect the innovation capacity of participants and, in the prospect, develop a methodology for ranking the innovation capacity of interstate integration associations. The positions of the innovation capacity in the global economy of the European Union member states are analyzed according to the global innovation index. It has been established that five member countries of the European Union are in the top 10 most innovative economies in the world economy. The innovation capacity index of the European Union 2020 is proposed to be calculated and was calculated. It is noted that albeit the ratings do not give any propositions, but only actually determine the state, however, with their assistance it is possible to carry out adequate monitoring, analysis, forecast of activation and measurement of innovation leadership of all economic and innovative entities of the global economy. It has been proved that methodological approaches to measuring the innovation capacity of the subjects of the global economy ought to be improved furthermore ratings should be developed not only in the context of countries, but of international integration associations as well.

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