scholarly journals Pitting resistance evaluation of ternary Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in flue gas environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (319) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
A. Kemelzhanova ◽  
◽  
K. Mukashev ◽  
A. Muradov ◽  
Th. Lampke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Very High

After the appearance of pitting corrosion, the corrosion rate reaches very high values, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the product in a short time. It may happen that the pitting does not continue its penetrating effect: if there are no necessary conditions for its growth, a pitting of greater activity is not formed, which will absorb all the current supplied from the area surrounding the cathode. Results of potenciodynamic investigations of four Ni‐base alloys are presented. The tests were conducted in 1 percent sulphuric acid, containing 0.2 percent chlorides at temperature 353K. Gravimetric test, performed in the same conditions, revealed excellent properties of alloy signed A3. Pitting corrosion of alloy A4 at the test conditions after long exposure at 353K was observed and was confirmed by the applied tests. The multiple anodic polarization (MAP) method is proposed to control alloys’ susceptibility to pitting corrosion.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Snow Cover Ablation Using Very High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Remzi Eker ◽  
Yves Bühler ◽  
Sebastian Schlögl ◽  
Andreas Stoffel ◽  
Abdurrahim Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Areal Extent ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Very High

This study tested the potential of a short time series of very high spatial resolution (cm to dm) remote sensing datasets obtained from unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to monitor snow cover ablation in the upper Dischma valley (Davos, Switzerland). Five flight missions (for UAS) and five scans (for TLS) were carried out simultaneously: Four during the snow-covered period (9, 10, 11, and 27 May 2016) and one during the snow-free period (24 June 2016 for UAS and 31 May 2016 for TLS). The changes in both the areal extent of the snow cover and the snow depth (HS) were assessed together in the same case study. The areal extent of the snow cover was estimated from both UAS- and TLS-based orthophotos by classifying pixels as snow-covered and snow-free based on a threshold value applied to the blue band information of the orthophotos. Also, the usage possibility of TLS-based orthophotos for mapping snow cover was investigated in this study. The UAS-based orthophotos provided higher overall classification accuracy (97%) than the TLS-based orthophotos (86%) and allowed for mapping snow cover in larger areas than the ones from TLS scans by preventing the occurrence of gaps in the orthophotos. The UAS-based HS were evaluated and compared to TLS-based HS. Initially, the CANUPO (CAractérisation de NUages de POints) binary classification method, a proposed approach for improving the quality of models to obtain more accurate HS values, was applied to the TLS 3D raw point clouds. In this study, the use of additional artificial ground control points (GCPs) was also proposed to improve the quality of UAS-based digital elevation models (DEMs). The UAS-based HS values were mapped with an error of around 0.1 m during the time series. Most pixels representing change in the HS derived from the UAS data were consistent with the TLS data. The time series used in this study allowed for testing of the significance of the data acquisition interval in the monitoring of snow ablation. Accordingly, this study concluded that both the UAS- and TLS-based high-resolution DSMs were biased in detecting change in HS, particularly for short time spans, such as a few days, where only a few centimeters in HS change occur. On the other hand, UAS proved to be a valuable tool for monitoring snow ablation if longer time intervals are chosen.

The Study of Automotive Aluminum Alloy Radiator Tank's Leakage

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Jie Gu ◽  
Xue Feng Yang ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Zhen Shan Feng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Alloy Material ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Freezing Liquid

Contraposing radiators leak problem in a short time using, it is found existing S, Cl, O etc in leaking place by the analysis of the EDS spectrum. So the cause of the radiator tank leaks were written as follows: unqualified freezing liquid was used in water tank, or unqualified cooling water was added during the vehicle. Its high hardness and destructive Cl-, S2 ion and the oxygen enrichment conditions have stimulated and accelerated action on the pitting corrosion of aluminum alloy, lead to producing scale lateral in waterproof surface, then pitting corrosion and perforation failure were occurred early. The problem can be solved by improving the quality of the cooling fluid, or replacing aluminum alloy material in waterproof surface.

ANALISIS VISUAL PADA SAMPUL DEPAN MAJALAH DESAIN GRAFIS “CONCEPT” EDISI ULTAH PERDANA (Sebuah Kajian Semiotika)

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayanto WH
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Magazine Cover

Magazine is one of the forms of mass media that has fungsikomunikasi to convey information to mass audiences. The cover is an important element because it is through cover / cover one can guess the contents of the magazine, as well as further interested to know further information contained therein. On a magazine cover consists of drawings and writings are arranged in such a way that looks interesting and has meaning Press publications, especially magazines, today's not enough just to rely on the quality of news or manuscript, although verbal aspect is very important. It must be recognized that the visual aspects (design) as the cover / envelope has crucial role to capture the prospective reader. For the cover of a magazine is a window that shows the content information, can be either a text or photographs, illustrations, and design elements. The function of a magazine cover is to attract, dazzle prospective readers, by way influence the thoughts flow in a short time. So it's no wonder much current the magazine publisher who made the cover of such a way as to attract the attention of prospective readers. Thus the task of designers to magazine cover to create designs that attract the attention of the reader becomes increasingly severe. This study tries to analyze a visual on the front cover Magazine Graphic Design 'Concept' birthday inaugural edition by using the Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. As Roland Barthes (1984), any simple "design work (magazine cover)" continue to play in management of the sign. So that will generate a message (image) specific. Design cover, usually contains the elements of the sign in the form of objects, context of the environment, people or other beings who provide meaning to objects, and text (of writing) that reinforce the meaning.Keyword: cover, magazine Concept, semiotics

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

COOPER ALLOY 22W

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Creep Rate ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Gas Corrosion ◽  
Very High

Abstract Cooper Alloy 22W is a high strength, heat resistant casting alloy with a low creep rate. It is recommended for heat applications where stress and hot gas corrosion rate are very high. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-146. Producer or source: Cooper Alloy Corporation.

Effect of various cations on the initial rate of formation of peroxodisulphates

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2272-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Balej ◽  
Martin Kadeřávek
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Polarization Curves ◽  
Mixed Solutions ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Partial Polarization

Preparation of peroxodisulphates by electrolysis of mixed solutions of sulphuric acid and various sulphates was studied at low degree of conversion; the partial polarization curves of peroxodisulphate formation and of oxygen evolution obtained from the overall anodic polarization curves and current yields of the principal anodic processes were examined. The mechanism of the effect of various cations on the rate of anodic formation of peroxodisulfates is discussed.

Quality-of-Life Measurement in Advanced Cancer: Assessing the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3603-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dympna Waldron ◽  
Ciaran A. O'Boyle ◽  
Michael Kearney ◽  
Michael Moriarty ◽  
Desmond Carney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer, relatively little is known about individual patient's perceptions of the issues contributing to their QoL. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) and the shorter SEIQoL–Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) assess individualized QoL using a semistructured interview technique. Here we report findings from the first administration of the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW to patients with advanced incurable cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QoL was assessed on a single occasion using the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW in 80 patients with advanced incurable cancer. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the SEIQoL-DW, and 78% completed the SEIQoL. Of a possible score of 100, the median QoL global score was as follows: SEIQoL, 61 (range, 24 to 94); SEIQoL-DW, 60.5 (range, 6 to 95). Psychometric data for SEIQoL indicated very high levels of internal consistency (median r = .90) and internal validity (median R2 = 0.88). Patients' judgments of their QoL were unique to the individual. Family concerns were almost universally rated as more important than health, the difference being significant when measured using the SEIQoL-DW (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced incurable cancer were very good judges of their QoL, and many patients rated their QoL as good. Judgments were highly individual, with very high levels of consistency and validity. The primacy given to health in many QoL questionnaires may be questioned in this population. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to clinical assessment and advance directives.

scholarly journals Galileo L10 Satellites: Orbit, Clock and Signal-in-Space Performance Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Constantin-Octavian Andrei ◽  
Sonja Lahtinen ◽  
Markku Poutanen ◽  
Hannu Koivula ◽  
Jan Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Periodic Signals ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Minor Correction ◽  
Very High

The tenth launch (L10) of the European Global Navigation Satellite System Galileo filled in all orbital slots in the constellation. The launch carried four Galileo satellites and took place in July 2018. The satellites were declared operational in February 2019. In this study, we report on the performance of the Galileo L10 satellites in terms of orbital inclination and repeat period parameters, broadcast satellite clocks and signal in space (SiS) performance indicators. We used all available broadcast navigation data from the IGS consolidated navigation files. These satellites have not been reported in the previous studies. First, the orbital inclination (56.7±0.15°) and repeat period (50680.7±0.22 s) for all four satellites are within the nominal values. The data analysis reveals also 13.5-, 27-, 177- and 354-days periodic signals. Second, the broadcast satellite clocks show different correction magnitude due to different trends in the bias component. One clock switch and several other minor correction jumps have occurred since the satellites were declared operational. Short-term discontinuities are within ±1 ps/s, whereas clock accuracy values are constantly below 0.20 m (root-mean-square—rms). Finally, the SiS performance has been very high in terms of availability and accuracy. Monthly SiS availability has been constantly above the target value of 87% and much higher in 2020 as compared to 2019. Monthly SiS accuracy has been below 0.20 m (95th percentile) and below 0.40 m (99th percentile). The performance figures depend on the content and quality of the consolidated navigation files as well as the precise reference products. Nevertheless, these levels of accuracy are well below the 7 m threshold (95th percentile) specified in the Galileo service definition document.

scholarly journals High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Diana Escuder-Vieco ◽  
Juan M. Rodríguez ◽  
Irene Espinosa-Martos ◽  
Nieves Corzo ◽  
Antonia Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Short Time

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

scholarly journals Clinical profiles and quality of care of subjects with type 2 diabetes according to their cardiovascular risk: an observational, retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basilio Pintaudi ◽  
Alessia Scatena ◽  
Gabriella Piscitelli ◽  
Vera Frison ◽  
Salvatore Corrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recently defined cardiovascular risk classes for subjects with diabetes. Aim of this study was to explore the distribution of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by cardiovascular risk groups according to the ESC classification and to describe the quality indicators of care, with particular regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study is based on data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated at the 258 Italian diabetes centers participating in the AMD Annals initiative. Patients with T2D were stratified by cardiovascular risk. General descriptive indicators, measures of intermediate outcomes, intensity/appropriateness of pharmacological treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, presence of other complications and overall quality of care were evaluated. Results Overall, 473,740 subjects with type 2 diabetes (78.5% at very high cardiovascular risk, 20.9% at high risk and 0.6% at moderate risk) were evaluated. Among people with T2D at very high risk: 26.4% had retinopathy, 39.5% had albuminuria, 18.7% had a previous major cardiovascular event, 39.0% had organ damage, 89.1% had three or more risk factors. The use of DPP4-i markedly increased as cardiovascular risk increased. The prescription of secretagogues also increased and that of GLP1-RAs tended to increase. The use of SGLT2-i was still limited, and only slightly higher in subjects with very high cardiovascular risk. The overall quality of care, as summarized by the Q score, tended to be lower as the level of cardiovascular risk increased. Conclusions A large proportion of subjects with T2D is at high or very high risk. Glucose-lowering drug therapies seem not to be adequately used with respect to their potential advantages in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. Several actions are necessary to improve the quality of care.

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