scholarly journals Thermodynamic modeling of the synthesis of the main minerals of cement clinker from technogenic raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
A. S. Kolesnikov ◽  
◽  
N. N. Zhanikulov ◽  
B. Ye. Zhakipbayev ◽  
O. G. Kolesnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Calcium Aluminates ◽  
Standard Reaction ◽  
Approximation Coefficients ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

In this article, thermodynamic studies of modeling the formation of the main minerals of cement clinker as a function of the Gibbs energy (ΔG) on temperature were investigated. The temperature range of the studies was 873-1873 K. In the course of modeling studies, the reactions of formation of cement clinker minerals (C2S - belite, C3S - alite, C3A – three calcium aluminates, C4AF – four calcium aluminium ferrite) from standard raw materials and non – standard-technogenic raw materials containing non-ferrous metals were calculated. Equations describing the dependence of the Gibbs energy on temperature with approximation coefficients (R2) equal to 0.99 are found. According to the results of the conducted studies, the beginning (Tb) temperatures of the course of the compared clinker formation reactions were determined, which were 1008 K for the standard reaction, and 1023 K for the non-standard reaction. It was found that the reactions begin to occur in the temperature intervals for the standard (1008 K – 1873 K), for the non - standard (1023 K - 1873 K). At the same time, the values at the initial stage of the course of the standard reaction have a more negative value of the Gibbs energy than the non-standard reaction. With a further increase in temperature, it becomes evident that the Gibbs energy of the non-standard reaction of mineral formation in the temperature range 1173-1873K becomes more negative in comparison with the values of the standard reaction and exceeds its values from 9 to 19.01%.

scholarly journals Assessing possibility of technogenic raw material processing using ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1112
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vasilkova ◽  
◽  
Alexander Byvaltsev ◽  
Olga Khmelnitskaya ◽  
Grigory Voiloshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reagent Consumption ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The purpose of the study is to conduct experiments in order to determine the possibility of technogenic gold-bearing raw material cyanidation using ultra-low concentrations of NaCN. Experiments are carried out on the cyanidation of three samples of technogenic raw materials of different composition. The first sample consists of pyrite cinders (Au - 1.8-2.3 g/t, Ag - 13-22 g/t, Fe - 48.52%, Cu - 0.15-0.30%, Zn - 0.3-0.6%). The second sample is represented by the aged tailings of copper-zinc flotation (sample I) with the content of Au - 0.8 g/t, Ag - 7.0 g/t, Fe - 17.2%, Cu - 0.212%, Zn - 0.207%. The next object is the copper-zinc flotation tailings of a concentration plant (sample II), with the following content of Au - 1.22 g/t, Ag - 15.2 g/t, Cu - 0.13%, Zn - 0.23%. It is recommended to use an aqueous wash from non-ferrous metals with subsequent lime treatment as a preliminary processing of pyrite cinders. Cyanidation is carried out at different consumptions of reagent: from 0.075 to 3 kg/t. The experiments have shown that gold recovery in this range of NaCN consumption varies from 42.9 to 44.2%; moreover, a decrease in the reagent consumption allows to reduce the concentration of non-ferrous metal ions in cyanidation solutions. Before cyanidation sample I has also been subjected to aqueous wash to remove acid and non-ferrous metals. NaCN consumption varies from 0.25 to 2.2 kg/t. In this case the extraction of gold amounts to 36.6-46.4%. Cyanidation of tailings (sample II) is carried out in the range of 0.15-1.2 kg/t of NaCN. Gold recovery varies from 24.1 to 30.9%. The cyanidation technology of technogenic raw materials in the field of ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide is promising, since it provides acceptable gold recovery under low reagent consumption. For further research in the field of development of an extraction technology of valuable components, the flotation tailings of copper-zinc production (sample II) are chosen as a promising object. It is planned to carry out semi-industrial tests, calculate technical and economic indicators and develop process regulations.

scholarly journals Integrated use of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
L.I. Melnyk ◽  
N.O. Dorogan ◽  
I.A. Goloukh
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

This work used a combination of modern physico-chemical research methods with standardized testing of technological and operational properties of raw materials, clinker, cement and compositions with its application. Results over of research of the silicate systems with rice husk and ash-fly as technogenic raw material for making of cement clinker are driven. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of material at the use of 42,5-50,5 % industry wastes in composition initial raw material mixtures are shown. The object of the study were raw material mixtures for the production of Portland cement clinker based on the systems of chalk - clay - man-made raw materials and chalk - man-made raw materials. The possibility of replacing exhaustible and non-renewable natural raw materials with a complex of multi-tonnage wastes of agro-industry and heat energy, which meets the objectives of expanding the raw material base of cement production, resource conservation and environmental protection. Peculiarities of phase formation during firing of silicate systems of chalk-polymineral clay and chalk-technogenic raw materials taking into account changes in the quantitative ratio of components, in particular rice husk and ash-removal of thermal power plants are noted.

scholarly journals METHODS OF REPEATED USE OF CEMENT DUST

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ш. Саламанова ◽  
С.А. Алиев ◽  
Р.С.-А. Муртазаева
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitators ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

В процессе обжига портландцементного клинкера в электрофильтрах вращающихся печей скапливается большое количество пыли, как клинкерной, так и аспирационной, поэтому рациональное использование этих продуктов, содержащих определенную долю полноценного сырьевого ресурса, является актуальной задачей индустрии цемента. В данной работе представлены результаты исследований цементной пыли, проведен энергодисперсионный и сравнительный анализ исследуемых порошков, а также приводится возможный способ утилизации цементной пыли для получения бесклинкерных цементов щелочной активации и бетонов на их основе. Разработанные рецептуры бесклинкерных вяжущих с применением отходов цементной промышленности и натриевого жидкостекольного затворителя позволят получать менее затратные, прочные и долговечные композиты, которые позволят частично заменять традиционный бетон на дорогом портландцементе. Работа выполнена в рамках исследований по реализации научного проекта 1848200001 Высококачественные бетоны с повышенными эксплуатационными свойствами на основе местного природного и техногенного сырья , получившего поддержку Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ). In the process of firing Portland cement clinker in electrostatic precipitators, in rotary kilns, a large amount of harmful substances, both clinker and aspiration, accumulates, therefore rational use of these products leads to certain shares of a fullfledged river resource, which are derived from industrial cement. It should be noted that the reuse of dust electrostatic precipitators is impossible. The basis for obtaining durable and more resourceefficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder. The developed clinkerfree binder formulations using the cement industry wastes and sodiumbased sludge glass will make it possible to produce less expensive, durable, and durable composites that will partially replace traditional concrete with expensive portland cement.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONNECTING ALKALINE ACTIVATION USING CEMENT DUST

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
S. A. Aliev ◽  
R. S.-A. Murtazayevа ◽  
M. Sh. Salamanova
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitators ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Methods

Objectives In the process of firing Portland cement clinker in electrostatic precipitators, in rotary kilns, a large amount of harmful substances, both clinker and aspiration, accumulates, therefore rational use of these products leads to certain shares of a full-fledged river resource, which are derived from industrial cement. It should be noted that the reuse of dust electrostatic precipitators is impossible.Method The basis for obtaining durable and more resource-efficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder.Result The basis for obtaining durable and more resource-efficient composites is based on modern technological methods that contribute to the improvement of technical and physicomechanical properties, with the integrated application of technogenic raw materials and liquid sodium binder.Conclusion The developed clinker-free binder formulations using the cement industry wastes and sodium-based sludge glass will make it possible to produce less expensive, durable, and durable composites that will partially replace traditional concrete with expensive portland cement. 

Flotation and magnetic methods to recover non-ferrous metals from low grade technogenic raw materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. V. Chernousenko ◽  
◽  
G. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
I. N. Vishnyakova ◽  
Yu. S. Kameneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

scholarly journals Processing of Waste from Enrichment with the Production of Cement Clinker and the Extraction of Zinc

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kolesnikov ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
Olga Kolesnikova ◽  
Nurgali Zhanikulov ◽  
Bibol Zhakipbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Tricalcium Aluminate ◽  
Metallurgical Company ◽  
Hsc Chemistry ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents studies on the processing of enrichment tailings as a component of a raw mixture in order to obtain cement clinker, with simultaneous distillation of zinc. Thermodynamic studies were carried out in the temperature range of 600–1600 °C using the software application “HSC Chemistry 6” developed by the metallurgical company Outokumpu (Finland). As a result of the conducted studies, we found that zinc contributes to the intensification of mineral formation of cement clinker. In particular, it was found that the formation of belite is possible in the temperature range from 990.7 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.01 and −323.8 kJ (which is better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of alite is possible in the temperature range from 982.9 to 1500 °C with Gibbs energy values of −0.05 and −402.1 kJ (better than the standard process by −11.4 kJ), respectively; the formation of tricalcium aluminate is thermodynamically possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −893.8 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1899.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.1 kJ), respectively; and the formation of four calcium aluminoferrite is possible in the temperature range from 600 °C at ΔGTo = −898.9 kJ to 1500 °C at ΔGTo = −1959.3 kJ (better than the standard process by −1570.2 kJ), respectively, with simultaneous distillation of zinc into a gaseous state for its further capture.

Thermal Transformations of the Technogenic Component of the Cement Raw Material Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O.A. Miryuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Thermal Transformations ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinkers

There are presented the results of physicochemical studies of the composition and thermal transformations og large-tonnage wastes of beneficiation of scarnified-magnetite ores from Kazakhstan. To determine the composition of materials and thermal transformations, the following methods were used: X-ray phase analysis, differential-thermal analysis, Mцssbauer and infrared spectroscopy. There was revealed the stepwise nature of the transformation of anthropogenic material during roasting, due to polymineral composition of ore beneficiation. It has been established that the chemical-mineral characteristics of natural silicates determine the formation processes and properties of clinker phases. An integrated approach to the study of technogenic raw materials allowed not only to substantiate the possibility and expedience of using scarnified-magnetite ore beneficiation wastes in cement production, but also to determine the preference for the phase composition of cement clinker. Research result from the basis for the development of low-energy cement clinkers with a high content of belite phase.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Magnesia Binder Based on Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Elvija Namsone ◽  
Genadijs Sahmenko ◽  
Irina Shvetsova ◽  
Aleksandrs Korjakins
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Caustic Magnesia

Because of low calcination temperature, magnesia binders are attributed as low-CO2 emission materials that can benefit the environment by reducing the energy consumption of building sector. Portland cement in different areas of construction can be replaced by magnesia binder which do not require autoclave treatment for hardening, it has low thermal conductivity and high strength properties. Magnesium-based materials are characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility.The experimental part of this research is based on the preparation of magnesia binders by adding raw materials and calcinated products and caustic magnesia. The aim of this study was to obtain low-CO2 emission and eco-friendly material using local dolomite waste materials, comparing physical, mechanical, thermal properties of magnesium binders.

Serpentinite Magnesium Binders, Based on Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
V.N. Zyryanova ◽  
E.V. Lytkina ◽  
A.P. Ochur-Ool
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Dispersed System ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Increasing water resistance and mechanical strength of hardening magnesian binders’ products can be achieved by introducing microfillings into a hardening dispersed system. It is shown that serpentine provides an increase strength and water resistance in hydration and hardening process, being as a structure-forming component, it intensifies this process. It allows expanding the raw material base for the production of magnesia binders for construction purposes.

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