scholarly journals Diet of a community of frogs in an agroecosystem in western Cuba

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
L. Yusnaviel García-Padrón
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Osteopilus Septentrionalis ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The study of frog diets in agricultural areas enables us to recognize their role in terrestrial food webs as predators of invertebrates, which can become crop pests or disease transmission vectors for humans. The present study examines the diet composition of three syntopic frog species occurring in one agroecosystem in Cuba, and their interspecific trophic interactions. The fieldwork was in Zea mays and Colocasia esculenta crops in Pinar del Río province, Cuba, in August, 2020. The frogs were measured and stomach-flushed in situ, and released at the site of capture. Niche overlap between species was calculated. Fifty-two frogs were captured and 43 (82.7%) had prey in their stomachs. Eleutherodactylus goini had the highest rate of prey/stomach and the broadest diet diversity while Osteopilus septentrionalis had the lowest rate and the narrowest diet diversity. High diet overlap was detected between Eleutherodactylus species. The most consumed prey were Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Blattodea. The diet data suggests that these species could be important biological controls of the invertebrate community in the studied agroecosystems. This indicates a positive impact of these native frogs to the crops by controlling noxious and damaging invertebrates.

scholarly journals Feeding habits and microhabitat utilization by two syntopic Brazilian Amazonian frogs (Hyla minuta and Pseudopaludicula sp. (gr. falcipes)

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VAN SLUYS ◽  
C. F. D. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Frog Species

We studied the feeding habits and microhabitat use of the Amazonian frogs Hyla minuta and Pseudopaludicula sp. at Serra Norte, Carajás, Brazil. Although living syntopically, the two species differed markedly in both prey types and sizes. Standardized feeding niche breadth of H. minuta (Bst = 0.572) was larger than that of Pseudopaludicula sp. (Bst = 0.149) and their feeding niche overlap was considerably low (10.5%). The two frog species also differed in microhabitat use. When active, Pseudopaludicula sp. were found partially submerged at the lake border whereas H. minuta were found predominantly on Nymphaea sp. leaves. Although we have not evaluated taxonomic effects on diet composition, differences in diet may be partially explained by differences in microhabitat use and frogs' size.

Effects of rainfall and geography on the comparative diets of eight rainbow lizard populations across Togo, Benin and Nigeria (West Africa)

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Akani ◽  
Godfrey C. Akani ◽  
Fabio Petrozzi ◽  
Godfrey C. Akani ◽  
Fabio Petrozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Sites

The diet composition of rainbow lizards (Agama agama complex) populations was studied by feces analysis at eight distant places across a mega-transect in the Gulf of Guinea (West Africa), covering three countries: Togo, Benin and Nigeria. The effects of geography (= linear distance between study sites) and local conditions (using the mean annual rainfall as a proxy of the site-specific conditions) on dietary similarity of rainbow lizards were tested. Rainbow lizards were mainly insectivorous at all sites. Multivariate analyses identified four main groups of localities in terms of diet diversity indexes, with populations inhabiting forest towns tending to have less prey taxa richness than conspecifics from more arid areas, which instead had higher dietary evenness. Food niche overlap between populations was high among populations (range 0.631-0.940, ), and decreased with increases in the difference of mean annual rainfall between sites. There was no effect of the geographic distance on the similarity in diet composition between populations. A UPGMA dendrogram revealed a geographic trend in terms of presence/absence of the various prey types in the diets, with all the Nigerian study sites forming one cluster, whereas Lomé and Cotonou, two cities situated within the Dahomey Gap, being grouped apart. Overall, rainfall of the various sites seems to be more important than geographic distance for determining the taxonomic diet composition similarity of these lizards.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals Influencia de las actividades agropecuarias intensivas en la hidrogeoquímica del acuífero freático en un sector de la cuenca alta del río Samborombón (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Guido Esteban Borzi ◽  
Nicolas Jovic ◽  
Esteban Villalba ◽  
María Josefina Stein ◽  
Carolina Tanjal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Del Rio

La cuenca del río Samborombón localizada en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires es una cuenca rural donde, si bien domina la ganadería extensiva, han comenzado a desarrollarse en los últimos años establecimientos ganaderos intensivos. El engorde de ganado en corral genera gran cantidad de excretas que son una fuente puntual de contaminación del agua. En sectores donde el abastecimiento de agua para consumo es mediante la explotación del agua subterránea, estos focos de contaminación pueden limitar su potabilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de un corral de engorde en la hidroquímica del acuífero freático en la cuenca alta del río Samborombón, así como también analizar la vulnerabilidad social y el riesgo hídrico presente en el área. Para esto se efectuó la toma de muestras de agua para determinar iones mayoritarios, trazas y fósforo en laboratorio, midiéndose in situ el pH y la conductividad eléctrica. Los resultados indican que la ganadería intensiva constituye una actividad que tiende a deteriorar la calidad del acuífero freático mediante la incorporación de Cl-, SO42- y NO3-. Elementos inmóviles o poco solubles como los fosfatos tenderían a retenerse en el suelo y zona no saturada sin afectar al acuífero. Por su parte, los elementos traza no evidencian cambios respecto a los valores de fondo de la química en el área de estudio. La contaminación del acuífero por nitratos en algunos pozos supera el límite sugerido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y afecta a los pobladores que viven en las adyacencias. Asimismo, se identificó una vulnerabilidad de tipo socioeconómica debido a la falta de acceso a servicios básicos, como el agua potable y un sistema cloacal adecuado.

scholarly journals Estimación del volumen promedio recibido por el humedal de la subcuenca del Río Blanco (bajo Papaloapan; Veracruz), a través del cálculo de un balance de aguas

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Enrique A. Sánchez Camacho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Del Rio

El presente escrito forma parte de un trabajo de mayor amplitud y alcance denominado “Inventario, delimitación, caracterización y uso sustentable de los humedales de la cuenca del Río Papaloapan”, elaborado en la Subcoordinación de Gestión Integrada del Agua del Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA), en convenio con el Instituto de Ecología A.C., cuyo objetivo fue establecer una clasificación para los humedales de la cuenca del río Papaloapan (Veracruz, México); lo que aquí se muestra corresponde esencialmente al subproyecto de aguas superficiales, en cálculo, medición y resultados. Se exponen los resultados cuantitativos alcanzados para la estimación del volumen de agua que recibe el humedal ubicado a la salida de la subcuenca del río Blanco dicha subcuenca forma parte de la cuenca del río Papaloapan; así como la manera en que estos fueron obtenidos y verificados a través de mediciones in situ. Sobre la información adicional que proviene de otros subproyectos pertenecientes al trabajo señalado al principio de este resumen, solo se emplean los resultados. El humedal a la salida de la cuenca del río Blanco está asociado a la laguna de Alvarado misma que es costera, la comunidad arbórea dominante en la zona son los manglares. Otro rasgo característico importante en la zona de estudio son los pastizales inducidos a favor de la ganadería por la gente del lugar. El volumen estimado se obtuvo a través del cálculo del balance de aguas de superficie y subterráneas, con el registro histórico disponible existente y con información hidrogeológica respectivamente. El cálculo del balance de aguas está sustentado en la metodología de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-011-CNA-2000 (Comisión Nacional del Agua 2000), toda vez que ahí se establecen las condiciones en cuanto a información y forma que ha de cumplir un balance de aguas, a fin de considerársele adecuado. Por razones de espacio, para la parte de aguas subterráneas solo se señalan los resultados obtenidos igualmente fue otro de los subproyectos del trabajo señalado al principio de este escrito para la zona de estudio. Una segunda parte del presente trabajo corresponde a los aforos realizados en el punto de salida de la subcuenca del río Blanco, mismos que corroboraron con un margen aceptable de error los resultados de los balances de aguas superficiales y subterráneas. Dichos resultados muestran en primera instancia una aceptable vinculación espacial; dado que los resultados del cálculo del balance se efectúan a una escala de 1:50,000, en tanto los aforos que verificaron los resultados del balance en términos generales podemos aceptar pertenecen a una escala de 1:100, toda vez que éstos últimos se realizaron en dos secciones transversales en el río que distan entre sí del orden de los 200 metros. Asimismo nuestros cálculos en la parte baja comparados con los aforos realizados en la misma zona, establecen con una nitidez y certeza confiables, que el agua superficial contribuye al volumen que recibe el humedal en términos de porcentaje con el 39% en época de estiaje, y con el 67% en época de lluvia; los porcentajes complementarios son aportados en cada época por el agua subterránea. El establecimiento de estas cantidades, permite establecer un vínculo numérico entre dichos resultados, y las condiciones que actualmente se observan en el humedal en cuanto a volumen de agua se refiere. Por tanto temas como ‘el desarrollo sustentable’, ‘caudal ecológico’ o ‘gestión integrada’ tienen indefectiblemente como elemento subyacente el tema aquí presentado: cuánto requiere una parte concreta de un ecosistema. El otro componente del tema es de qué calidad.

scholarly journals SMOS Neural Network Soil Moisture Data Assimilation in a Land Surface Model and Atmospheric Impact

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez ◽  
Patricia de Rosnay ◽  
Clement Albergel ◽  
Philippe Richaume ◽  
Filipe Aires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Impact

The assimilation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data into the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) H-TESSEL (Hydrology revised - Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land) model is presented. SMOS soil moisture (SM) estimates have been produced specifically by training a neural network with SMOS brightness temperatures as input and H-TESSEL model SM simulations as reference. This can help the assimilation of SMOS information in several ways: (1) the neural network soil moisture (NNSM) data have a similar climatology to the model, (2) no global bias is present with respect to the model even if regional differences can exist. Experiments performing joint data assimilation (DA) of NNSM, 2 metre air temperature and relative humidity or NNSM-only DA are discussed. The resulting SM was evaluated against a large number of in situ measurements of SM obtaining similar results to those of the model with no assimilation, even if significant differences were found from site to site. In addition, atmospheric forecasts initialized with H-TESSEL runs (without DA) or with the analysed SM were compared to measure of the impact of the satellite information. Although, NNSM DA has an overall neutral impact in the forecast in the Tropics, a significant positive impact was found in other areas and periods, especially in regions with limited in situ information. The joint NNSM, T2m and RH2m DA improves the forecast for all the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere. The impact is mostly due to T2m and RH2m, but SMOS NN DA alone also improves the forecast in July- September. In the Northern Hemisphere, the joint NNSM, T2m and RH2m DA improves the forecast in April-September, while NNSM alone has a significant positive effect in July-September. Furthermore, forecasting skill maps show that SMOS NNSM improves the forecast in North America and in Northern Asia for up to 72 hours lead time.

scholarly journals Influencia de la minería en las características fisicoquímicas en la parte media y baja del río Quito, Chocó, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Yirlesa Murillo Hinestroza ◽  
Lady Vargas Porras
Keyword(s):  
Del Rio ◽  
Sobre Todo

El río Quito se constituye en la corriente principal que surca el territorio del municipio del mismo nombre, el cual tiene un caudal en verano de 200 m3/seg haciéndolo navegable durante todo el año. Sobre este y algunos de sus afluentes, se desarrollan actividades mineras. Con la finalidad de analizar los aportes contaminantes de fuentes hídricas que vierten al río Quito, se realizaron mediciones, in situ y de laboratorio, de variables fisicoquímicas como temperatura, conductividad, sólidos disueltos, sólidos suspendidos, turbiedad, oxígeno disuelto, pH, hierro, nitrato, nitrito, sulfato, fosfato, sólidos totales, grasas y aceites, tanto en la parte media como baja de la cuenca teniendo en cuenta algunos confluencias de otros cuerpos de agua a la misma. Se seleccionaron seis puntos de muestreo en la parte media y cuatro en la parte baja, para un total de diez puntos; a partir del análisis realizado en los tramos muestreados, queda al descubierto que el desarrollo de actividades mineras sobre el río Quito y otros cuerpos de agua que a este vierten, representa una alta influencia en las características fisicoquímicas del agua y por lo tanto en la calidad de la misma sobre todo en su parte media; todo esto teniendo en cuenta, que se incrementaron los valores de solidos disueltos, suspendidos y totales, al igual que la turbiedad del agua y otras variables fisicoquímicas como algunos nutrientes junto con las grasas y aceites.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Nightlight Gradients on Street Robbery and Burglary in Cincinnati of Ohio State, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanlin Zhou ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Minxuan Lan ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Zengli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Street Robbery ◽  
The Impact

Previous research has recognized the importance of edges to crime. Various scholars have explored how one specific type of edges such as physical edges or social edges affect crime, but rarely investigated the importance of the composite edge effect. To address this gap, this study introduces nightlight data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (NPP-VIIRS) to measure composite edges. This study defines edges as nightlight gradients—the maximum change of nightlight from a pixel to its neighbors. Using nightlight gradients and other control variables at the tract level, this study applies negative binomial regression models to investigate the effects of edges on the street robbery rate and the burglary rate in Cincinnati. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of models show that nightlight gradients improve the fitness of models of street robbery and burglary. Also, nightlight gradients make a positive impact on the street robbery rate whilst a negative impact on the burglary rate, both of which are statistically significant under the alpha level of 0.05. The different impacts on these two types of crimes may be explained by the nature of crimes and the in-situ characteristics, including nightlight.

scholarly journals Mobile Teaching Kitchen Project – eradicating and preventing malnutrition through nutrition education

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Education Tool

Abstract Background Global malnutrition, affecting over 2.6 billion people globally, represents a triple burden to health in the form of micronutrient deficiencies, under-and over-nutrition. Malnutrition reaches all parts of society, with those undernourished and deficient in vitamins and minerals often thought to be the poorer in society, whilst overnourished those wealthier. NNEdPro, an international think-tank working to develop nutrition capacity, performed a landscaping activity in Kolkata, India and noted significant undernutrition within the slum dwelling population and overnutrition among the inner-city workers. Results NNEdPro' s Mobile Teaching Kitchen (MTK) project was developed as a nutritional education tool to improve awareness of diet diversity and disease prevention amongst marginalised communities by using locally sourced foods and cooking skills. Local volunteers trained in healthy cooking transfers core principles through cooking demonstrations of sustainable, nutritional, and affordable meals. They follow a 'See One, Do One, Teach One' (S1D1T1) model to transfer knowledge to their peers. This model aims to create a sustainable solution that will enable the rural-urban slum dwellers across regions of the world to challenge food insecurity and malnutrition. Conclusions The potential of the Teaching Kitchen can extend beyond creating powerful behavior change for improved health and nutrition within local communities of both developing and developed countries. In addition to improving the wellbeing of the community, the project can also potentially create livelihood opportunities through empowering women with catering skills and having a positive impact on the health and nutritional status of the wider community. After successful impacts in India, the Mobile Teaching Kitchen model has been proposed to other 8 existing regional networks of NNEdPro such as Australia & New Zealand, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Switzerland, USA, and UK.

Multiple biomarker responses in Prochilodus lineatus subjected to short-term in situ exposure to streams from agricultural areas in Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira ◽  
Patrícia Gomes Costa ◽  
Bruna Lunardelli ◽  
Luciana Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Liziara da Costa Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
In Situ Exposure
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