scholarly journals A Tale of Garbage

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ian McTaggart
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

In 1973, an American archaeologist named Dr. William Rathje sought to create a method that would help his students understand the intricacies of archaeological fieldwork. Dr. Rathje recognized that his students at the University of Arizona were having a difficult time understanding cultural remains from the past (Rathje, 1979, p. 4), so his idea was to use contemporary cultural material waste as a study tool. He named this method “The Garbage Project.” Given that the project took place during 1970s and students of the time were far removed from potsherds and post holes, it made sense to articulate archaeological sites in a contemporary way. Over time, this process would come to be known as garbology, which has come to inform both past research and present-day disciplines such as economics and public policy. This paper will outline the cross-discipline benefits that archaeology brings to modern society, including how it informs us about sustainability issues and how human societies interact and identify with their waste.

scholarly journals Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Malte Schäfer ◽  
Manuel Löwer
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Over Time

With the intent of summing up the past research on ecodesign and making it more accessible, we gather findings from 106 existing review articles in this field. Five research questions on terminology, evolution, barriers and success factors, methods and tools, and synergies, guide the clustering of the resulting 608 statements extracted from the reference. The quantitative analysis reveals that the number of review articles has been increasing over time. Furthermore, most statements originate from Europe, are published in journals, and address barriers and success factors. For the qualitative analysis, the findings are grouped according to the research question they address. We find that several names for similar concepts exist, with ecodesign being the most popular one. It has evolved from “end-of-pipe” pollution prevention to a more systemic concept, and addresses the complete life cycle. Barriers and success factors extend beyond the product development team to management, customers, policymakers, and educators. The number of ecodesign methods and tools available to address them is large, and more reviewing, testing, validation, and categorization of the existing ones is necessary. Synergies between ecodesign and other research disciplines exist in theory, but require implementation and testing in practice.

Teacher Fellows

2016 ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Barbara H. Davis ◽  
Terri Cearley-Key
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Teacher Retention ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The University ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes the Teacher Fellows Program. This program is a school/university partnership that has provided comprehensive mentoring and induction support to more than 400 teachers over the past 20 years. The program is grounded in social-constructivist, cognitive-developmental and teacher development theories. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods have been used to determine the program's effectiveness over time. Results from analyses of the data indicate the program (a) improves teacher retention, (b) increases teacher effectiveness, (c) fosters collaboration between the university and public schools, and (d) impacts student learning.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results for the Extraction and Measurement of Cosmogenic in Situ 14C from Quartz

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Naysmith ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
W M Phillips ◽  
N A Lifton ◽  
R Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum System ◽  
Quartz Sample ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
Lithium Metaborate ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
The University

Radiocarbon is produced within minerals at the earth's surface (in situ production) by a number of spallation reactions. Its relatively short half-life of 5730 yr provides us with a unique cosmogenic nuclide tool for the measurement of rapid erosion rates (>10−3 cm yr−1) and events occurring over the past 25 kyr. At SUERC, we have designed and built a vacuum system to extract 14C from quartz which is based on a system developed at the University of Arizona. This system uses resistance heating of samples to a temperature of approximately 1100° in the presence of lithium metaborate (LiBO2) to dissolve the quartz and liberate any carbon present. During extraction, the carbon is oxidized to CO2 in an O2 atmosphere so that it may be collected cryogenically. The CO2 is subsequently purified and converted to graphite for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement. One of the biggest problems in measuring in situ 14C is establishing a low and reproducible system blank and efficient extraction of the in situ 14C component. Here, we present initial data for 14C-free CO2, derived from geological carbonate and added to the vacuum system to determine the system blank. Shielded quartz samples (which should be 14C free) and a surface quartz sample routinely analyzed at the University of Arizona were also analyzed at SUERC, and the data compared with values derived from the University of Arizona system.

scholarly journals Reception as a Unity of Cultural and Historical Memory, Oblivion, and Imagination

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
N.A. Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
T.M. Shatunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The University ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Outstanding Representative

This article is dedicated to the memory of Evgenii Aleksandrovich Chiglintsev, a brilliant historian, an outstanding representative of the university intelligentsia, and a wonderful comrade with the best human qualities. E.A. Chiglintsev’s works are interdisciplinary, useful for practically all humanities, and certainly important from the philosophical and socio-philosophical perspectives. The study aims to analyze and evaluate the phenomenon of cultural reception in the context of E.A. Chiglintsev’s writings. The main problematic field of the article is the meanings, boundaries, and prospects of the phenomenon of reception, which has become one of the main subjects of E.A. Chiglintsev’s research interest. E.A. Chiglintsev focused mostly on the universal meaning of reception, whereas this article also considers its historical backgrounds, as well as the possibilities and meanings of cultural and historical receptions in the modern culture and society. The research is relevant due to the practical need to develop an adequate attitude to the past in the modern society, i.e., because of the need to distinguish what and in what forms should be remembered, what and how to forget, how to take fire from the past, not ashes. Today, every person who considers himself or herself modern must constantly undergo the path of rethinking his or her historical past, and thus participate in the reception of past cultures. The conclusion is made about the historicity of reception, the classical forms of which are developing in the modern culture, about the problematic nature of this phenomenon in the postmodern culture. The problem of further development of the meaning of reception in the modern culture and its limits is posed.

The University Population in World Society and University Organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
David John Frank ◽  
John W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
General Capacity ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
University Population ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

This chapter presents the exploding numbers and broadening capacities of students and professors that skyrocket over time, especially as the hyper-modern society assembles around the university-based knowledge system. It discusses how schooling is seen as relevant for more and more sorts of people and points out how the dimensions of people are activated and incorporated. It also looks at people that are involved and seen not simply as passive entrants but as executors of ever more legitimate interests and capacities that is above all the general capacity for empowered choice or actorhood. The chapter describes the properly schooled person that is imagined to be a dramatic social actor, fit to master and change the world and not simply to be a carrier of received culture. It applies a neo-institutional perspective to the expansion of the university populations of reconstructed individual people.

Cultural Heritage Attrition in Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Monica Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Awareness ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Over Time

This chapter is a call to archaeologists and museum curators to reflect upon their roles in the production of knowledge surrounding antiquities and to take more responsibility for historical awareness and appreciation in Egypt. Historical objects transform in significance over time and are in constant re-creation of identity, so we must keep pace with their contemporary relevance, and we should use that relevance to start a discourse on the construction of new identities in relation to cultural memories of the past through the contemporary interpretations of these objects in the daily life of different communities. People cannot appreciate what they do not know; if Egyptians do not have access to the knowledge of their ancient past, they will not understand the value of the significance of its material remains, and will continue to allow, through neglect, the total loss of archaeological sites to looting and commercial urbanization. In the end, this loss will result in a complete attrition of cultural heritage and historical memory that will further lead to a more diluted identity.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Global University Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Middlehurst
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global University ◽  
The University ◽  
Over Time

Global networks are proliferating and diversifying between higher education providers and other sectors and groups.  Some authors suggest this represents a process of de-nationalization, others that approaches to internationalization that de-nationalize the university will fail.  Looking to the past, establishing international consortia and networks appears to have been a response to a range of major structural challenges affecting higher education.  Some of these resonate today, but there are also new competitive challenges that encourage institutions to join networks or align themselves with partners for competitive advantage, for substantive and reputational gains.  The consortia and networks that exist today illustrate both diversity and coalescence around multiple themes.  These include functional and activity-based themes as well as shared interests and values.  The question of sustainability over time remains as some networks have survived decades while others have disappeared.  Those that recognise cultural, political and intellectual differences and the need to achieve mutual benefits are more likely to be sustainable.

Filtering the Past, Building the Future: A Conference on Archaeology, Tradition, and Politics in the Middle East

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University

On April 23-24, 2004 the conference “Filtering the Past, Building the Future: Archaeology, Tradition and Politics in the Middle East,” was held in the Tanner Humanities Center at the University of Utah. Funded by a grant from the United States Department of Education with supplemental funds provided by various contributors at the University of Utah, this conference was meant to act as a forum for participants to present and discuss innovative means of understanding the uses of the past and of archaeology in politicized cultural discourse in the Middle East. The conference organizers hold the view that multiple, competing versions of the past are mobilized in service of varying agendas both within and between cultural groups. Participants were invited to discuss theories, explore methods, or present case studies that illustrate the manipulation of archaeological data and practice to promote political goals in the Middle East, and within world communities that interact with and respond to each other on topics that concern the Middle East. The papers presented at this conference are currently being edited and the resulting collection will be submitted to the University of Arizona press in the coming months.

scholarly journals Chronometric Dating and Late Holocene Prehistory in the Hawaiian Islands: A Critical Review of Radiocarbon Dates from Moloka'I Island

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Weisler
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Determinations

The importance of chronometric dating in archaeology cannot be overemphasized. Indeed, most chronologies developed throughout the world during the past three decades have depended on radiocarbon age determinations to provide a temporal framework for examining change over time in cultural sequences during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. With the advent of legislation in the mid-1960s designed to protect archaeological sites in the United States threatened by increased urban development or government sponsored projects, archaeological surveys and excavations were mandated as a means for preserving information otherwise destroyed. As a result, thousands of projects have contributed to a growing body of “gray literature,” ie, unpublished proprietary or manuscript reports with very limited circulation. Within these reports are hundreds, if not thousands, of 14C age determinations, most of which are not accessible in published form. One objective of this paper is to present all the 14C age determinations for the island of Moloka'i, Hawai'i as of December 1988, including 41 dates never before published with stratigraphic details.

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