scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar: an Application to Estimate Volumetric Water Content and Reinforced Bar Diameter in Concrete Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Leucci
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Bar Diameter

scholarly journals Soil water content estimation using ground penetrating radar data via group intelligence optimization algorithms: An application in the Northern Shaanxi Coal Mining Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872097336
Author(s):  
Fan Cui ◽  
Jianyu Ni ◽  
Yunfei Du ◽  
Yuxuan Zhao ◽  
Yingqing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The determination of quantitative relationship between soil dielectric constant and water content is an important basis for measuring soil water content based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology. The calculation of soil volumetric water content using GPR technology is usually based on the classic Topp formula. However, there are large errors between measured values and calculated values when using the formula, and it cannot be flexibly applied to different media. To solve these problems, first, a combination of GPR and shallow drilling is used to calibrate the wave velocity to obtain an accurate dielectric constant. Then, combined with experimental moisture content, the intelligent group algorithm is applied to accurately build mathematical models of the relative dielectric constant and volumetric water content, and the Topp formula is revised for sand and clay media. Compared with the classic Topp formula, the average error rate of sand is decreased by nearly 15.8%, the average error rate of clay is decreased by 31.75%. The calculation accuracy of the formula has been greatly improved. It proves that the revised model is accurate, and at the same time, it proves the rationality of the method of using GPR wave velocity calibration method to accurately calculate the volumetric water content.

scholarly journals Multi-offset ground-penetrating radar imaging of a lab-scale infiltration test

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4009-4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mangel ◽  
S. M. J. Moysey ◽  
J. C. Ryan ◽  
J. A. Tarbutton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Infiltration Experiment

Abstract. A lab scale infiltration experiment was conducted in a sand tank to evaluate the use of time-lapse multi-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data for monitoring dynamic hydrologic events in the vadose zone. Sets of 21 GPR traces at offsets between 0.44–0.9 m were recorded every 30 s during a 3 h infiltration experiment to produce a data cube that can be viewed as multi-offset gathers at unique times or common offset images, tracking changes in arrivals through time. Specifically, we investigated whether this data can be used to estimate changes in average soil water content during wetting and drying and to track the migration of the wetting front during an infiltration event. For the first problem we found that normal-moveout (NMO) analysis of the GPR reflection from the bottom of the sand layer provided water content estimates ranging between 0.10–0.30 volumetric water content, which underestimated the value determined by depth averaging a vertical array of six moisture probes by 0.03–0.05 volumetric water content. Relative errors in the estimated depth to the bottom of the 0.6 m thick sand layer were typically on the order of 2%, though increased as high as 25% as the wetting front approached the bottom of the tank. NMO analysis of the wetting front reflection during the infiltration event generally underestimated the depth of the front with discrepancies between GPR and moisture probe estimates approaching 0.15 m. The analysis also resulted in underestimates of water content in the wetted zone on the order of 0.06 volumetric water content and a wetting front velocity equal to about half the rate inferred from the probe measurements. In a parallel modeling effort we found that HYDRUS-1D also underestimates the observed average tank water content determined from the probes by approximately 0.01–0.03 volumetric water content, despite the fact that the model was calibrated to the probe data. This error suggests that the assumed conceptual model of laterally uniform, one-dimensional vertical flow in a homogenous material may not be fully appropriate for the experiment. Full-waveform modeling and subsequent NMO analysis of the simulated GPR response resulted in water content errors on the order of 0.01–0.03 volumetric water content, which are roughly 30–50% of the discrepancy between GPR and probe results observed in the experiment. The model shows that interference between wave arrivals affects data interpretation and the estimation of traveltimes. This is an important source of error in the NMO analysis, but it does not fully account for the discrepancies between GPR and the moisture probes observed in the experiment. The remaining discrepancy may be related to conceptual errors underlying the GPR analysis, such as the assumption of uniform one-dimensional flow, a lack of a sharply defined wetting front in the experiment, and errors in the petrophysical model used to convert dielectric constant to water content.

scholarly journals Application of ground-penetrating radar technique to evaluate the waterfront location in hardened concrete

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodríguez-Abad ◽  
Gilles Klysz ◽  
Rosa Martínez-Sala ◽  
Jean Paul Balayssac ◽  
Jesús Mené-Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract. The long term performance of concrete structures is directly tied to two factors: concrete durability and strength. When assessing the durability of concrete structures, the study of the water penetration is paramount, because almost all reactions like corrosion, alkali-silica, sulfate, etc., which produce their deterioration, require the presence of water. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has shown to be very sensitive to water variations. On this basis, the objective of this experimental study is, firstly, to analyze the correlation between the water penetration depth in concrete samples and the GPR wave parameters. To do this, the samples were immersed into water for different time intervals and the wave parameters were obtained from signals registered when the antenna was placed on the immersed surface of the samples. Secondly, a procedure has been developed to be able to determine, from those signals, the reliability in the detection and location of waterfront depths. The results have revealed that GPR may have an enormous potential in this field, because excellent agreements were found between the correlated variables. In addition, when comparing the waterfront depths calculated from GPR measurements and those visually registered after breaking the samples, we observed that they totally agreed when the waterfront was more than 4 cm depth.

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