Processed Tomato Products as a Source of Dietary Lycopene: Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Venket Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Total Antioxidant Potential

Oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to increased risk of chronic diseases. A diet rich in tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant, has been found to protect against these chronic diseases by mitigating oxidative damage. The study aim was to evaluate the effects of a long-term tomato-rich diet, consisting of various processed tomato products, on bioavailability and antioxidant properties of lycopene. Seventeen healthy human subjects (ten men, seven non-pregnant women) participated in the study. Following a two-week washout period during which subjects avoided foods containing lycopene, all subjects consumed test tomato products including tomato juice, tomato sauce, tomato paste, ketchup, spaghetti sauce, and ready-to-serve tomato soup providing 30 mg of lycopene a day for four weeks. At the end of treatment, serum lycopene level increased significantly (p <0.05), from 181.79 ± 31.25 to 684.7 ± 113.91 nmol/L. Similarly, total antioxidant potential increased significantly (p <0.05), from 2.26 ± 0.015 to 2.38 ± 0.17 mmol/L Trolox equivalent. Lipid and protein oxidation was reduced significantly (p <0.05). The results suggest that a tomato-rich diet containing different sources of lycopene can increase serum lycopene levels and reduce oxidative stress effectively.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Physiopathology and Pharmacological Treatment with Pro- and Antioxidant Properties in Chronic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés García-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz ◽  
Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Correct Function

Oxidative stress (OS) has the ability to damage different molecules and cellular structures, altering the correct function of organs and systems. OS accumulates in the body by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. Increasing evidence points to the involvement of OS in the physiopathology of various chronic diseases that require prolonged periods of pharmacological treatment. Long-term treatments may contribute to changes in systemic OS. In this review, we discuss the involvement of OS in the pathological mechanisms of some chronic diseases, the pro- or antioxidant effects of their pharmacological treatments, and possible adjuvant antioxidant alternatives. Diseases such as high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatments help reduce the risk with an additional antioxidant benefit. Treatment with methotrexate in autoimmune systemic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, has a dual role in stimulating the production of OS and producing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it can also help indirectly decrease the systemic OS induced by inflammation. Medicaments used to treat neurodegenerative diseases tend to decrease the mechanisms related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and balance OS. On the other hand, immunosuppressive treatments used in cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection increase the production of ROS, causing significant oxidative damage in different organs and systems without widely documented exogenous antioxidant administration alternatives.

Oxidative Stress Levels, JAK2V617F Mutational Status and Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2822-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornel Moisa ◽  
Mihnea Alexandru Gaman ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Amelia Maria Gaman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Thrombocythemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The Relationship

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression induces a growth advantage to JAK2V617F-positive clones and, in association with a higher number of immature platelets, leukocytosis, and additional cardiovascular risk factors, leads to an increased risk for thrombotic events. We evaluated oxidative stress by measuring ROS levels and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 62 ET patients and investigated the relationship between oxidative stress, JAK2V617F mutational status and the development of thrombotic events. We found higher oxidative stress levels in JAK2V617F-positive vs. JAK2V617F-negative ET cases with no significant differences between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Increased ROS levels and thrombotic events were more frequent in ET patients with old age at diagnosis, higher haematocrit levels or leukocytosis.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Yew Rong Kong ◽  
Yong Xin Jong ◽  
Manisha Balakrishnan ◽  
Zhui Ken Bok ◽  
Janice Kwan Kah Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing

Oxidative stress is a result of disruption in the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in which subsequently impacting on redox signaling, causing cell and tissue damages. It leads to a range of medical conditions including inflammation, skin aging, impaired wound healing, chronic diseases and cancers but these conditions can be managed properly with the aid of antioxidants. This review features various studies to provide an overview on how Carica papaya help counteract oxidative stress via various mechanisms of action closely related to its antioxidant properties and eventually improving the management of various oxidative stress-related health conditions. Carica papaya is a topical plant species discovered to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants that can usually be found in their leaves, fruits and seeds. It contains various chemical compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant properties including caffeic acid, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, papain, benzyl isothiocyanate (BiTC), and kaempferol. Therefore, it can counteract pro-oxidants via a number of signaling pathways that either promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes or reduce ROS production. These signaling pathways activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect the body against both intrinsic and extrinsic oxidative stress. To conclude, Carica papaya can be incorporated into medications or supplements to help manage the health conditions driven by oxidative stress and further studies are needed to investigate the potential of its chemical components to manage various chronic diseases.

Abstract MP58: Tissue And Sex Specific Effects Of Gstm1 Deletion In Mouse Models

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Wang ◽  
Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Keith Nehrke ◽  
Paul S Brookes ◽  
Thu H Le
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Iri Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Gene Expression

The glutathione S-transferase ( Gst ) gene family encodes antioxidant enzymes. In humans, a common null allele deletion variant of GST μ-1 ( GSTM1 ) is highly prevalent across populations and is associated with increased risk and progression of various diseases. Using a Gstm1 knockout (KO) mouse model, we previously showed that KO mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension (HTN) have increased kidney injury compared to wild-type (WT) controls, mediated by elevated oxidative stress. In the same mouse model, we have recently reported that in a Langendorff-perfused cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model, where damage is also mediated by oxidative stress, male KO hearts are protected while females are not. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms for this difference in male hearts. WT and KO mice of both sexes were studied at 12-20 weeks of age. Hearts were snap frozen at baseline and after 25 min of global ischemia, and kidneys were collected at baseline and 4 weeks following HTN induction. A panel of 18 Gst genes were probed by qPCR from baseline hearts and kidneys of both sexes. Global metabolites were assayed using Metabolon, Inc. from hearts of both sexes and kidneys of males, at both baseline and diseased states. Analysis by qPCR (n = 3/group) showed that male, but not female, KO hearts had upregulation of other Gst s. In contrast, no significant differences between were found in male kidneys. Metabolomics (n = 6/group) detected 695 metabolites in hearts and 926 in kidneys. There were increases in several metabolites in KO vs. WT hearts including those with antioxidant properties. Notably, increases in carnosine and anserine were observed in KO male hearts but not in female hearts, while that of other antioxidant-related metabolites were observed in hearts of both sexes, but not in kidneys. HTN induced significant increases in metabolites in KO vs. WT kidneys in the pathways related to and linking methionine, cysteine, and glutathione, which were not observed in hearts. In this study, gene expression and metabolites suggest that the mechanisms compensating for the loss of GSTM1 are both tissue and sex specific. The resulting differences in antioxidant enzymes and metabolites may explain the unexpected protection for male Gstm1 KO hearts in IRI.

scholarly journals Effect of the French Oak Wood Extract Robuvit on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Horvathova ◽  
Zuzana Orszaghova ◽  
Lucia Laubertova ◽  
Magdalena Vavakova ◽  
Peter Sabaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

We examinedin vitroantioxidant capacity of polyphenolic extract obtained from the wood of oakQuercus robur(QR), Robuvit, using TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) method and the effect of its intake on markers of oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in plasma of 20 healthy volunteers. Markers of oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids and activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the erythrocytes. We have found anin vitroantioxidant capacity of Robuvit of 6.37 micromole Trolox equivalent/mg of Robuvit. One month intake of Robuvit in daily dose of 300 mg has significantly decreased the serum level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and lipid peroxides (LP). Significantly increased activities of SOD and CAT as well as total antioxidant capacity of plasma after one month intake of Robuvit have been shown. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that the intake of Robuvit is associated with decrease of markers of oxidative stress and increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of plasmain vivo.

scholarly journals Hemorrhage simulated by lower body negative pressure provokes an oxidative stress response in healthy young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Flora S Park ◽  
Victoria L Kay ◽  
Justin D Sprick ◽  
Alexander J Rosenberg ◽  
Garen K Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Simulated Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of potentially preventable death in both civilian and military trauma settings. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is a validated, non-invasive, and reproducible approach to simulate hemorrhage by inducing central hypovolemia in healthy conscious humans. The oxidative stress response to simulated hemorrhage via LBNP has not been quantified. We hypothesized that systemic markers of oxidative stress would increase with application of maximal, pre-syncopal limited LBNP. Fifteen healthy human subjects (11 M/4 F; age 27 ± 1 y) were recruited for a single LBNP experiment to presyncope (chamber pressure was progressively reduced every 5-min in a stepwise manner). Heart rate was assessed via ECG, arterial pressure and stroke volume (SV) were measured continuously via finger photoplethysmography, muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and presyncope. Plasma samples were analyzed for F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP), a global marker of oxidative stress. The magnitude of central hypovolemia, indexed by the maximal decrease (%Δ) in SV, ranged from 27 to 74% (53.5 ± 3.9%; P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 12.6 ± 2.6% ( P < 0.001 vs. pre-LBNP baseline). F2-IsoP increased by 28.5 ± 11.6% ( P = 0.05) from baseline (24 ± 2 pg/mL) to presyncope (29 ± 3 pg/mL). The increase in F2-IsoP was not associated with %Δ SV ( r = 0.21, P = 0.46), %Δ MAP ( r = 0.05, P = 0.86), %Δ SmO2 ( r = 0.05, P = 0.90), or the maximum level of LBNP attained ( r = 0.35, P = 0.20). Simulated hemorrhage induced by LBNP to presyncope elicited an increase in oxidative stress, but this response was not associated with the magnitude of central hypovolemia, hypotension, or the decrease in peripheral muscle tissue oxygen saturation. These findings have important implications for the study of hemorrhage using LBNP, and future investigations of interventions targeting oxidative stress. Impact statement We characterize the systemic oxidative stress response in young, healthy human subjects with exposure to simulated hemorrhage via application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Prior work has demonstrated that LBNP and actual blood loss evoke similar hemodynamic and immune responses (i.e. white blood cell count), but it is unknown whether LBNP elicits oxidative stress resembling that produced by blood loss. We show that LBNP induces a 29% increase in F2-isoprostanes, a systemic marker of oxidative stress. The findings of this investigation may have important implications for the study of hemorrhage using LBNP, including future assessments of targeted interventions that may reduce oxidative stress, such as novel fluid resuscitation approaches.

scholarly journals Determination of activity of antioxidants in human subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry G. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Plasma Measurements ◽  
Determination Of Activity ◽  
Nutritional Antioxidants

Evidence from biochemical and animal models suggests that nutritional antioxidants should inhibit the development of diseases such as CHD and certain cancers. This evidence is not clearly corroborated by intervention studies in human subjects, due, in part, to inadequacies in current analytical methodologies. Althoughin vitroassays can give useful information on the attributes required by a compound to act as an antioxidant, results may have little nutritional relevance due to limited bioavailability. The determination of antioxidants in blood is often used as a measure of antioxidant statusin vivo, but may not necessarily reflect concentrations in target tissues where oxidative stress is greatest. In addition, the accumulation of antioxidants in selective tissues may not be apparent from plasma measurements. Participation in quality-control schemes for antioxidant determination by HPLC allows inter-laboratory comparison of results. Moderation of indices of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA can provide information on the effectiveness of compounds as nutritional antioxidants. However, most current methods of assessing oxidative stress are subject to confounding factors of non-oxidative origin. Assays for total antioxidant capacity in plasma differ in their type of oxidation source, target and measurement used to detect the oxidized product. They give different results, should never be used in isolation, and results should be interpreted with caution. Until more is known about the activity and metabolic fate of antioxidants, caution should be exercised in the consumption of large amounts of commercially-available antioxidant preparations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ten Essential Oils on Several Cutaneous Drug-Resistant Microorganisms and Their Cyto/Genotoxic and Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kozics ◽  
Mária Bučková ◽  
Andrea Puškárová ◽  
Viktória Kalászová ◽  
Terézia Cabicarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of ten essential oils (EOs)—oregano, thyme, clove, arborvitae, cassia, lemongrass, melaleuca, eucalyptus, lavender, and clary sage—against drug-resistant microorganisms previously isolated from patients with skin infections. The essential oil compositions were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The assayed bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter koseri, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Two drug-resistant yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) were also involved in our survey. Oregano, thyme, cassia, lemongrass and arborvitae showed very strong antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested strains. These results show that these essential oils may be effective in preventing the growth of the drug-resistant microorganisms responsible for wound infections. In this study, the genotoxic effects of tested essential oils on healthy human keratinocytes HaCaT were evaluated using the comet assay for the first time. These results revealed that none of the essential oils induced significant DNA damage in vitro after 24 h. Moreover, the treatment of HaCaT cells with essential oils increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) level. The obtained results indicate that EOs could be used as a potential source of safe and potent natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

scholarly journals Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde in Depressive Rotational Shift Workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Khajehnasiri ◽  
Seyed Bagher Mortazavi ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh ◽  
Shahin Akhondzadeh ◽  
Hassan Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Shift work is associated with sleep deprivation, occupational stress, and increased risk of depression. Depressed patients show increased oxidative stress. During excessive oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde (MDA) increases and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreases in body. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serum level of TAC and MDA among depressed rotational shift workers in Shahid Tondooyan Tehran Oil Refinery. 21-item Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure depression level. The level of TAC and MDA was measured by 8 mL fasting blood sample. MDA was determined by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Serum total antioxidants were measured using the ABTS. Results of this study showed that TAC mean and standard deviation concentration was 2.451 (±0.536) mg/dL and MDA was 3.725 (±1.098) mic·mol/L, and mean and standard deviation of depression score and BMI were 14.07 (±3.84) and 24.92 (±3.65) kg/m2, respectively. Depression score had a positive correlation with rotational shift work experience and work experience (r=0.218andr=0.212), respectively, (P<0.05).

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