scholarly journals Inter-row plant spacing effects on grain and fodder yields, growth performance, digestibility and manure quality of sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Adda ◽  
Weseh Addah ◽  
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman ◽  
Timothy A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

In Ghana, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grain and fodder serve as important sources of protein for human and livestock nutrition, respectively. Experiments were conducted in four farming communities to determine the effects of planting annual peanut at four inter-row spacings of 30, 45, 65 and 75 cm on grain and fodder yields (experiment I), growth performance and manure quality (experiment II), and in situ digestibility (experiment III) of Djallonké sheep fed fodder from these plant spacings. Planting peanut at 30 cm inter-row spacing dually increased grain and fodder yields compared to planting at 60, and 75 cm. Peanut fodder from 30 cm inter-row spacing also had comparatively higher concentration of crude protein and lower concentrations of acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin, resulting in significant improvements in dry matter digestibility at 48 h and superior average daily weight gain of sheep. The concentration of N excreted in the manure of sheep fed the 30 cm fodder was greater than those fed peanut grown at 60, and 75 cm inter-row spacing. Planting peanut at an inter-row spacing of 30 cm therefore gave dual benefits of increasing grain and fodder yields as well as increasing the digestibility and growth performance of sheep fed peanut fodder as a supplementary diet to natural pasture for 70 days. Higher concentration of N in the manure of sheep fed 30 cm fodder could have additional benefits of improving soil fertility in smallholder farming systems where inorganic fertilizers are expensive and inaccessible to farmers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of maize-yam peel meal based diets supplemented with exogenous cocktail enzymes on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy in finisher broiler chickens.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
M. A. Oguntoye ◽  
T. Samuel ◽  
I. Usman ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
Y. Maikano
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maize and yam peels meal based diets with and without enzyme supplementation on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens at finisher phase. One hundred and eighty (180), one day-old broiler chicks were fed six diets in two groups. The experiment was arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental layout of two levels of enzyme (0g/100kg diet and 50g/100kg diet) and three levels of yam peels inclusion (0kg, 15kg and 30kg). Each treatment was replicated 3 times consisting of 10 chicks per replicate. The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Main effect of graded levels of yam peel meal and enzymes supplementation on growth performance of starter broiler chickens showed significant (P ? 0.05) influence on final weight, total weight, total weight grain and daily weight grain. Birds fed 0% YPM recorded higher statistical value of 2549.00g for final weight. Interaction effect of YPM and enzyme showed significant (<0.05) effect on growth performance of finisher broiler chickens. Final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain were significantly (<0.05) influenced by interaction of YPM and enzyme. Birds fed control diet (T1 ) recorded higher significant (P<0.05) values for final weight of comparative level. Least value of 2220.00g was recorded for final weight in the birds fed 15% YPM without enzyme (T2 ). Varying levels of YPM as a partial replacement for maize had no significant (P>0.05) effect on nutrient digestibility. Higher values were recorded for birds fed 0% inclusion level of YPM across the parameter determined with the exception of ether extract and ash. Inclusion of YPM with enzyme supplementation had significant (P<0.05) interaction effects on percentage dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility and crude fibre digestibility. Dry matter digestibility decreased with increased level of YPM with or without enzyme. Inclusion of yam peels meal up to 30% level of replacement for maize with or without enzyme supplementation could be recommended for appreciable nutrient digestibility and improved growth performance of finisher broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Wheat yield gaps across smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vasco Silva ◽  
Pytrik Reidsma ◽  
Frédéric Baudron ◽  
Moti Jaleta ◽  
Kindie Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Yield Gaps

AbstractWheat yields in Ethiopia need to increase considerably to reduce import dependency and keep up with the expected increase in population and dietary changes. Despite the yield progress observed in recent years, wheat yield gaps remain large. Here, we decompose wheat yield gaps in Ethiopia into efficiency, resource, and technology yield gaps and relate those yield gaps to broader farm(ing) systems aspects. To do so, stochastic frontier analysis was applied to a nationally representative panel dataset covering the Meher seasons of 2009 and 2013 and crop modelling was used to simulate the water-limited yield (Yw) in the same years. Farming systems analysis was conducted to describe crop area shares and the availability of land, labour, and capital in contrasting administrative zones. Wheat yield in farmers’ fields averaged 1.9 t ha− 1 corresponding to ca. 20% of Yw. Most of the yield gap was attributed to the technology yield gap (> 50% of Yw) but narrowing efficiency (ca. 10% of Yw) and resource yield gaps (ca. 15% of Yw) with current technologies can nearly double actual yields and contribute to achieve wheat self-sufficiency in Ethiopia. There were small differences in the relative contribution of the intermediate yield gaps to the overall yield gap across agro-ecological zones, administrative zones, and farming systems. At farm level, oxen ownership was positively associated with the wheat cultivated area in zones with relatively large cultivated areas per household (West Arsi and North Showa) while no relationship was found between oxen ownership and the amount of inputs used per hectare of wheat in the zones studied. This is the first thorough yield gap decomposition for wheat in Ethiopia and our results suggest government policies aiming to increase wheat production should prioritise accessibility and affordability of inputs and dissemination of technologies that allow for precise use of these inputs.

scholarly journals Innovation Meets Tradition in the Sheep and Goat Dairy Industry

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-424
Author(s):  
Paola Scano ◽  
Pierluigi Caboni
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Smallholder Farming Systems ◽  
The World

Small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, are mostly raised in smallholder farming systems widely distributed throughout the world [...]

scholarly journals Drivers of Forest Cover Dynamics in Smallholder Farming Systems: The Case of Northwestern Vietnam

AMBIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaline Jadin ◽  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
Huong Thi Thu Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Smallholder Farming Systems

scholarly journals Can Enhancing Efficiency Promote the Economic Viability of Smallholder Farmers? A Case of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4235
Author(s):  
Silvia Saravia-Matus ◽  
T. S. Amjath-Babu ◽  
Sreejith Aravindakshan ◽  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Jimmy A. Saravia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Smallholder Farming

By developing meta-frontier efficiency and structural equation models, the paper examines whether farm economic viability is positively associated with technical efficiency in a highly food insecure context, such as that of rural Sierra Leone. The findings show that technical efficiency can be a sufficient but not necessary condition in determining economic viability of smallholder farming. It is possible to breach reproductive thresholds at the cost of reduced technical efficiency, when the crop diversification strategy of smallholders includes market-oriented high-value crops. This calls for a dual policy approach that addresses farmers’ internal needs for self-consumption (increasing efficiency of food crop production) while encouraging market-oriented cash crop production (diversification assisted through the reduction of associated transaction costs and the establishment of accessible commercialization channels of export related crops and/or high-value crops). The work also calls out for a move-up or move-out strategy for small holders to create viable farming systems in developing world.

scholarly journals Does intensive feeding frequency affect growth performance of common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Herrera ◽  
V. V. Kuhnen ◽  
E. G. Sanches
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Common Snook

Abstract Salt water recirculation systems using automatic feeders are a new frontier for marine aquaculture. It is possible to decrease the vulnerability of the traditional fish farming in open systems and reduce wasteful feeding and discharge of effluents, as well as increase the economic returns. An experiment with common snook fingerings (4.31 ± 1.42 g and 8.4 ± 1.0 cm) was performed. Three feeding treatments were evaluated: six, twelve and eighteen feeding times per day. Each treatment had three replications. Among the three tested frequencies (fed 6, 12 and 18 times a day), the feeding frequency of 12 times per day (every two hours) showed the best values of the parameters evaluated for production performance. The final weight values, condition factor, specific growth rate and daily weight gain of the treatment 12 feeding times per day were all significantly higher than the lower and higher frequencies. Our results demonstrate that high feeding frequency is not synonymous of higher performance, but is extremely necessary to find out the best range for the target species. Besides, this relationship between feeding frequency and growth performance might change over weight range. Therefore, future studies should address higher weight ranges for comparison to our results.

scholarly journals Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Euclides Reuter de Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Andréa Maria de Araújo Gabriel ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
Lais Valenzuela Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Fecal Collection

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion. 

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