scholarly journals Influence of Prohexadione Calcium Rate on Growth and Yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
S.P. Studstill ◽  
W.S. Monfort ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
D.L. Jordan ◽  
A.T. Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator, is commonly used on virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to manage excessive vine growth and improve digging efficiency. However, use of prohexadione calcium on runner market type cultivars has been minimal. The objective of this research was to evaluate prohexadione calcium on virginia and runner market type peanut cultivars at multiple rates in small-plot (17 site years) and on-farm (5 site years) experiments. Applications of prohexadione calcium were at the manufacturer's recommended use rate of 140 g a.i./ha (1x), 105 g a.i /ha (0.75x), and 70 g a.i /ha (0.5x) rates. A non-treated control was also included in all experiments. Cultivar and treatment responses were evaluated based on mainstem height, yield, total sound mature kernels, and return on investment. Plants treated with prohexadione calcium had greater row definition based on a 1-10 row visibility rating scale. Plant main stem heights were often shortened when prohexadione calcium was applied compared to the control, although response varied by location and by year. Average mainstem heights were 26 cm for non-treated plots and 23 cm for prohexadione calcium treated plots across all virginia market type small plot experiments. Prohexadione calcium did not significantly increase yield at any rate in any small plot experiments regardless of rate. Reduced rates of prohexadione calcium significantly increased yield in all the large on-farm experiments compared to the control. Yield increases ranged from 453 to 731 kg/ha for all prohexadione calcium treatments compared to the control across all large plot on-farm experiments. The greatest return on investment was the 0.75x rate resulting in an increase in revenue of $210 ha−1. With an increase in yield and return on investment in all large plot on-farm experiments and not in small plot experiments no matter the market type, it is assumed that the growth and yield response to prohexadione calcium may be more pronounced where soil variability is greater, affecting growth, digging, and yield potential. Prohexadione calcium can be beneficial in virginia market type and runner market type peanut cultivars to decrease vine growth and increase yield.

scholarly journals Yield and Economic Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to Prohexadione Calcium in Large-Plot Trials in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scott Monfort ◽  
W.S. Monfort ◽  
R.S. Tubbs ◽  
B.L. Cresswell ◽  
E.L. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Digging Efficiency ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Enhanced Yield

Prohexadione calcium, a plant growth regulator, has been used on virginia market type peanut cultivars for many years to manage excessive vine growth and improve digging efficiency. Prohexadione calcium has not been widely used on runner market type cultivars due to their slower growth habit and sporadic yield response at the labeled rate until recent research showed lower use rates of prohexadione calcium provided similar vine control and enhanced yield response.  Large plot experiments were conducted in Colquitt county at the Darrell Williams Research Farm on the Sun Belt Ag Expo to quantify yield and market grade quality and economics of using prohexadione calcium at 105 g a.i./ha on six runner type cultivars.  Prohexadione calcium was applied twice during the growing season.  The first application was made when 50% or greater of lateral vines from adjacent rows were touching.  A second application of each treatment was applied 14d after the first application. The runner type cultivars were Georgia-06G, Georgia-12Y, Georgia-13M, Georgia-14N, TUFRunner TM -297, and TUFRunner TM -511.  Similar large-plot experiments were conducted on farms in Baker and Early counties evaluating yield and economic response of prohexadione calcium on Georgia-06G.  A non-treated control was used in all experiments.  Prohexadione calcium increased pod yield in all experiments ranging from 450 to 650 kg/ha compared to the non-treated control with response similar across cultivars.  Prohexadione calcium reduced the dollar value per metric ton (DVMT) as a result of lowering total sound mature kernel (%TSMK) percentages up to 3 points.  The higher yields obtained for the prohexadione calcium-treated peanut provided higher gross dollar value return/ha (GDR) in all experiments and higher gross dollar value return/ha above treatment cost (GDRAT) in the on-farm trials.  Therefore, prohexadione calcium at 105 g/ha applied twice on runner market type peanut is warranted to improve yield and financial return when excessive vine growth is a concern.

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

scholarly journals Genotypic Differences in Current Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars in Phenology and Stability of These Traits under Different Irrigation Scheduling Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Rowland ◽  
J. P. Beasley ◽  
W. H. Faircloth
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Scheduling Method ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Understanding differences among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in growth and phenology and the interactions with environment (G X E interactions) for these traits allows predictions for yield potential or performance in variable environments. Despite the importance of this information, very little quantitative data exists on the differences in aboveground growth, canopy architecture, and reproductive phenology for currently grown peanut cultivars. This study quantified differences in these traits among eight peanut cultivars and explored whether irrigation scheduling method (a factor of environment) affected the development in these traits through the season in 2004 and 2005. As expected, year to year variability in environmental conditions (most likely timing of rainfall events during the growing season) significantly affected growth habit across cultivars. However, the irrigation scheduling method, despite differences in total water applied among methods during the season, had no effect on any of the measured traits. This result is likely due to the fact that all methods were adequately supplying crop water demand. Genetic variability in all of the measured growth and phonological traits was strong despite the expectation that cultivars were genetically similar. Further, the lack of significant interactions between year and cultivar for most of the plant growth and reproductive characteristics also indicated a strong genetic component to these traits. One overall trend noted was that late-maturing cultivars had, on average, higher maximum values of LAI, stem mass, and leaf mass measured in the late growth period. Differences in isotopic composition were also strong among cultivars; the cultivars Georgia-02C and Tifrunner had significantly higher isotopic levels (and thus water-use efficiency) than Georgia-01R, Georgia Green, and AP3 across years. Aside from the obvious relationships between pod number and weight, the strongest predictors of reproductive output were late-season traits including leaf weight and LAI. This study successfully documented variability among peanut cultivars in many important traits linked to overall production.

Effects of B-9 (N-dimethyl-aminosuccinamic acid) on growth and yield of peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYApplication of B-9 shortened mainstem and branch internodes of several peanut cultivars at all times of application. The numbers of mainstem and branch nodes were little affected by B-9. Interactions between cultivars and B-9 treatments in these vegetative characters were small, inconsistent and generally non-significant. B-9 had inconsistent effects on plant dry weight and did not increase pod yields. In an upright bunch type, podding was more compact, but mean seed dry weight and number of seeds per pod were slightly reduced by B-9.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Lines in Pampanga, Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Grace B. Gatan
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Experimental Trials

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn) is grown on nearly 23.95 million hectares worldwide with a total production of 36.45 million tons. In the country, peanut is one of the food legumes with commercial importance that contributed much to domestic earnings. There are promising peanut lines that need to be evaluated to pass the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) Certification. Hence, the National Cooperative Trials from 2011-2014 were conducted to evaluate their agronomic characteristics, reaction to diseases and yield potential in Pampanga, Philippines. Experimental trials were laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and treatment means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD). At wet season trials, results revealed significant differences in all treatments relative to days to flower, number of pods/plant, weight of 100 seeds, shelling percentage and pod yield except days to maturity.  The ICGV 00350 and ICGV 99046 obtained the highest pod yield with 2.1 and of 2.4 tons/ha, respectively. During dry season, significant differences were noted among peanut lines in relation to days to flower, days to maturity, number of pods/ plant, weight of 100 seeds, shelling percentage and pod yield (tons/ha). The ICGV 01273 out yielded the 10 peanut lines. Keywords— Agriculture, National Cooperative Trials, Arachis hypogaea, experimental trials, Philippines, Asia

Influence of Application Variables on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Prohexadione Calcium

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Russell C. Nuti ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Spray Nozzle ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract Prohexadione calcium retards peanut vegetative vine growth, improves row visibility, and potentially reduces pod shed, thus increasing pod yield compared with non-treated peanut. Although prohexadione calcium has been registered for use in peanut for the past decade, practitioners continue to express a range of questions about use including banded application, compatibility with other agrichemcials, and interactions of application rate and timing. In experiments over multiple years, applying prohexadione calcium to lateral branches only of peanut increased row visibility compared with banded applications over main stems or broadcast applications over the entire peanut canopy. Similarly, when using different spray nozzle configurations, greater row visibility was noted when the highest rate of prohexadione calcium was applied over lateral branches compared with broadcast applications of a uniform rate across all spray nozzles or when the highest rate was delivered to main stems. Delaying the first of two sequential applications of prohexadione calcium 1 wk after 50% row closure resulted in reduced row visibility regardless of application rate when compared with sequential applications initiated at 50% row closure. Applying prohexadione calcium within 2 to 3 wks prior to digging and vine inversion resulted in minor increases in improved row visibility and did not affect pod yield. Efficacy of prohexadione calcium was not affected by tank mixing with pyraclostrobin or 2,4-DB.

Postharvest recovery of beds of the edible red alga Porphyra perforata

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Roland ◽  
L. Michael Coon
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Whole Plants

Recovery of intertidal Porphyra beds following hand harvest was studied near the northwest tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. Twenty-six percent of the standing crop of Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was removed in a large plot in June 1981; no negative effect on standing crop was apparent in May 1982 as compared with the adjacent control area. There was no negative impact on percent cover of Porphyra (mostly P. perforata) within 1 year after hand harvest of seven, approximately 1-m2 plots, as compared with respective controls. Annual fluctuation in cover, biomass, and relative mix of Porphyra species was large. Porphyra cover in a small plot harvested in early June 1981 increased to 86% of the June value by mid-July 1981, indicating substantial growth of the remaining thallus fragments and small, whole plants within one season. It was concluded that sustained yield of Porphyra beds can be assured if harvest is restricted to gathering by hand.

Simplified methods for on-farm prediction of yield potential of grazed lucerne crops in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Derrick J. Moot ◽  
Xiumei Yang ◽  
Hung T. Ta ◽  
Hamish E. Brown ◽  
Edmar I. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
On Farm

Impact of salt-induced toxicity on growth and yield-potential of local wheat cultivars: oxidative stress and ion toxicity are among the major determinants of salt-tolerant capacity

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Golam Mostofa ◽  
Mst. Mahmuda Akter ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Md. Abu Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ion Toxicity
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