scholarly journals Naturally and Artificially Drought-Induced Small-Plants within the Pure-Line Runner-Type Peanut Cultivar ‘Georgia-10T’

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
W.D. Branch ◽  
C.K. Kvien ◽  
A.K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Autumn And Winter

ABSTRACT During 2011 at Tifton and Plains, GA, there was an early-season drought stress period during May and June. A few drought-tolerant plants were identified and tagged which appeared green and turgid amongst otherwise dry and severely-wilted plants within the pure-line, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar, ‘Georgia-10T'. Pod and seeds were harvested from these drought-tolerant individual plant selections (IPS) for increase and testing. During autumn and winter of 2014 to 2015, a greenhouse drought study was utilized to test these IPS's compared to the parental check cultivar. Green and turgid plants were identified within the same check cultivar after exposing the plants to an early-season two-wk drought stress period at 60 and 90 d after planting. Seed from IPS of naturally occurring and artificially drought-induced plants produced similar normal and small-plants. Replicated preliminary yield tests were conducted during 2017 to compare progeny rows from these IPS's to the check cultivar, Georgia-10T. Field trial data indicated that the smaller-plants produced from early-season drought stress had significantly reduced yield, grade, pod size, and seed size as compared to larger plant selections and Georgia-10T parental cultivar. In a greenhouse study conducted during autumn and winter of 2017 to 2018, these small plants had significantly shorter internode length and mainstem height compared to the same small plants treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) which were taller and had longer internode lengths after one and two months. Small plants resulted from artificially and naturally occurring early-season drought-induced stress within the pure-line runner-type peanut cultivar, Georgia-10T, were caused by lack of GA3. The normal and small-plants each have bred true-to-type following several self-generations. The ramification of these findings suggest the importance of early-season irrigation, especially for seed production of peanut cultivars to avoid subsequent development of low-yielding, small-plants induced by drought-stress.

scholarly journals Response of Selected Garden Roses to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Cai ◽  
Terri Starman ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Charles Hall ◽  
Leonardo Lombardini
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Substrate Moisture

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of four garden roses (Rosa ×hybrid L.), ‘RADrazz’, ‘Belinda’s Dream’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Marie Pavie’, to drought stress. Plants grown in containers were subjected to two watering treatments, well-irrigated [water as needed: ≈35% substrate moisture content (SMC) at re-watering] and cyclic drought stress (withholding irrigation until plants exhibit incipient wilting: ≈10% SMC, then re-watering to field capacity for subsequent dry down). Shoot growth and flower number were reduced in the drought treatment compared with the well-irrigated plants in all cultivars with least reduction in ‘RADrazz’. Drought stress reduced root growth in ‘Belinda’s Dream’ and ‘Marie Pavie’, whereas there was no difference in root growth in ‘RADrazz’ and ‘Old Blush’. Decreased SMC induced reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gS), transpiration rate (E), and midday leaf water potential (ψ). Leaf water use efficiency (WUE) increased as SMC decreased in all cultivars. However, the relationship between these physiological parameters and SMC differed among the cultivars. At SMC between 10% and 20%, ‘RADrazz’ had higher Pn, gS, E, and WUE compared with the other three cultivars. Therefore, ‘RADrazz’ was the most drought-tolerant during container production among the cultivars investigated. With lower gas exchange rates and greater reduction in flower number at low SMC, ‘Marie Pavie’ was less drought-tolerant compared with the other three cultivars.

scholarly journals Estimation of Heritability of Several Genotype of Soil (Arachis Hypogaea L.) and Tolerance Test of Shade and Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marsinah Marsinah ◽  
A. Farid Hemon ◽  
Lestari Ujianto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Heritability Estimation ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to determine the heritability estimation of several peanut genotypes and to test tolerance to shade and drought stress. The research was carried out in 3 stages, the first stage from May to July 2019 in Sigerongan village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, the second phase from August to October 2019 in Sigerongan village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, and the third stage from July to September 2020 in Nyiurlembang village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The experimental design used in estimating heritability was a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 20 peanut genotypes, namely G2T5, G3D6, G2D2, G5-UII, G300-II, G2T3, G11-UI, G3T4, G200-I, and G12. -UI, G2T1, G2D7, G3T10, G3D8, G7-UII, G7-UIII, G3T7, G16-UI, G7-UI and G2D3. Tolerance test of peanut genotypes to shade and drought stress used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a Split Plot Design. The results showed that the genetic diversity value of peanut genotypes against the tested parameters showed that all peanut genotypes were ineffective for further tests on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of branches, while the parameters of the number of filled pods and dry weight of pods all genotypes showed moderate criteria which means that it is effective for further selection. Shade treatment was more influential than treatment without shade. The parameters of pod dry weight and number of filled pods showed a significant difference between the two. Genotypes sensitive to shade stress are G2T5, G3D6, G2T3, G200-I, G2T1, G2D7, G3D8, G7-UII, TAKAR, G3T7, mildly tolerant genotypes, namely G2D2, G5-UII, G300-II, G11-UI, G3T4, G12-UI, G3T10, G7-UI, and G2D3 and the shade tolerant is G16-UI. Plant genotypes that were sensitive (P) to drought stress were G2T5, G3D6, G2D2, G5-UII, G2T3, G11-UI, and G3T4. And the genotypes that are somewhat tolerant are G200-I and G12-UI. Meanwhile, the drought tolerant genotype was G300-II.

Nodulation and Nitrogenase Activity of Peanuts Inoculated with Single Strain Isolates of Rhizobium1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis ◽  
T. G. Isleib
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Rhizobial Population

Abstract Nodulation and nitrogenase activity (μM C2H4/plant/hr) for 48 diverse peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.2) genotypes were determined in a field site where the soil supported high populations of endemic rhizobia. These same rhizobia and peanut genotypes had previously been evaluated in a greenhouse study. Both host genotypes and rhizobial strains significantly influenced nodulation and nitrogenase activity. Roots of Virginia-type host plants were better nodulated and exhibited higher nitrogenase activity than genotypes of the fastigiate type. Florigiant, the predominant cultivar in the Virginia-North Carolina area, produced the most nodules and had the greatest nitrogenase activity. Variation in nodulation and nitrogenase activity for the single strain isolates in the presence of naturally occurring field populations indicated that the strains were able to compete for nodule sites. Strains both less and more effective than the naturally occurring rhizobial population were observed. Nitrogenase activity of the strains was correlated with previous greenhouse results suggesting that greenhouse evaluation of rhizobial strains for peanuts is useful as a preliminary screen before evaluation in the field.

Mitigation of drought stress in maize through inoculation with drought tolerant ACC deaminase containing PGPR under axenic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Axenic Conditions

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teame Gereziher MEHARI ◽  
Yanchao XU ◽  
Richard Odongo MAGWANGA ◽  
Muhammad Jawad UMER ◽  
Joy Nyangasi KIRUNGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Synonymous Substitution Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Background Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses. Results Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm. Conclusion The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

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