scholarly journals Foliar Fertilization as a Strategy to Increase the Proportion of Mature Pods in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
A.K. Pierre ◽  
M.J. Mulvaney ◽  
D.L. Rowland ◽  
B. Tillman ◽  
T.L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Maturity

ABSTRACT Foliar application of nutrients is used by growers to remediate crop nutrient deficiencies, but anecdotal reports indicate there may be associated effects of accelerated crop maturity, particularly for irrigated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research was conducted to determine whether application of foliar fertilizers during early pod set could increase the proportion of early-maturing pods, and thereby increase the mature proportion of the profile under irrigated conditions. Field experiments were conducted in Florida at Citra in 2016, Jay in 2016 and 2017with a randomized complete block with four foliar fertilizer treatments, applied to GA-06G at R1 and again two wks later at R2. Treatments consisted of no foliar fertilizer (control), 10.0 kg N/ha, 1.0 kg P2O5/ha, and 0.34 kg B/ha at each application and two harvest timings. Harvest treatments were based on the adjusted growing degree d model for peanut and were timed to represent early and optimal crop maturity. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were determined from samples collected 24h after each foliar treatment application. Yield and proportion of mature pods were quantified after each digging date. Normalized difference vegetation index data showed no treatment differences. The maturity profile (percentage of mature pods present in the sample) was not consistently different from respective controls during either harvest period. Results indicate foliar fertilizer applied during flowering had little effect on maturity acceleration in peanut, though foliar fertilization may still be effective at alleviating in-season nutrient deficiencies. Within site-year, application of foliar fertilizer did not increase yield. Under sound soil fertility management programs, foliar fertilizers did not increase yield or the maturity profile of peanut.

Response of Nodulating and Non-Nodulating Peanuts to Foliarly Applied Nitrogen1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Walker ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
T. P. Gaines ◽  
B. G. Mullinix
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Field experiments were conducted on Lakeland sand (Thermic, coated Typic Quartz-ipsaments) during 1981-82 to determine the effect of foliarly applied N on yield, grade, and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentration of leaves and seed of nodulating and non-nodulating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nodulating cultivars; Florunner, Early Bunch, and Tifrun, and three non-nodulating experimental lines were sprayed 0, 1, 2 or 4 times at 13.5 kg N/ha beginning 28 days after emergence. Foliar application of N increased the yield of Florunner, Tifrun, and all non-nodulating lines, but had no effect on Early Bunch. The addition of N to non-nodulating peanut increased the percent fancy pods, extra large kernels, and weight of seed. Seed N concentration of non-nodulating lines increased with higher rates of N, but was higher in the nodulating cultivars. Seed of non-nodulating lines contained higher levels of P, K, and Mg than seed of nodulating lines. Nodulating lines had higher concentration of leaf N than did non-nodulating lines. The leaves of the non-nodulating lines contained higher levels of P, Ca, and Mg than those of the nodulating cultivars; whereas levels of K were higher for nodulating lines.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Benefit of Herbicides Used for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
N. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) and at two locations (Jay, FL, and Headland, AL) to identify the most effective herbicide program for Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW) D.C.] control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The most common herbicides used for Florida beggarweed control—including preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST) and late-postemergence (LPOST) applied treatments—were evaluated in a factorial treatment arrangement. All treatments had merit and could be assembled into programs that resulted in maximum weed control, crop yield, and net returns. However, at least two of the four treatment timings were required to reach this level. Four systems were consistently associated with the maximum statistical grouping for both yield and net returns, as well as acceptable Florida beggarweed control (> 81%). These systems were (a) paraquat + bentazon applied EPOST, followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; (b) same as (a) only preceded by norflurazon applied PRE; (c) imazapic applied EPOST followed by pyridate + 2,4-DB MPOST; and (d) norflurazon applied PRE, followed by imazapic EPOST.

scholarly journals Flumioxazin for Weed Control in Texas Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1993 to evaluate flumioxazin alone and in various herbicide programs for weed control in peanut. Flumioxazin alone provided inconsistent control of annual grasses, while the addition of pendimethalin or trifluralin improved control considerably. Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.] control was > 75% when flumioxazin was used alone. Flumioxazin caused early season peanut stunting with some recovery within 4 to 6 wk. Postemergence applications of imazethapyr or lactofen increased peanut stunting.

scholarly journals Conventional versus Nano Calcium Forms on Peanut Production under Sandy Soil Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Mohamed Abbas ◽  
Asmaa Abd Elrahman ◽  
Mohamed Helal ◽  
Mohamed Shahba
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Elemental Calcium

Abiotic stresses in sandy soil, which include saline water, saline soil, and lack of nutrients, affect the productivity and quality traits of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L). Elemental calcium (Ca2+) is necessary for the proper development of peanut pods. This work aimed at comparing conventional Ca and nano-Ca form effects on peanut production and quality traits. Two randomized complete block field experiments were conducted in the 2015 and 2016 seasons. Treatments were control, gypsum plus calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and chelated calcium, as well as 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of Ca(NO3)2 doses in a nano form. The results indicated that the treatment of gypsum plus conventional CaNO3 achieved the highest yield and best quality traits, followed by the Ca(NO3)2 and 100% nano Ca(NO3)2 treatments. The treatments of the control, gypsum, and 12.5% nano Ca(NO3)2 had the lowest effect on peanut performance. The conventional treatment of gypsum plus Ca(NO3)2 resulted in the greatest seed yield (1.6 ton ha−1), oil yield (700.3 kg ha−1), and protein yield (380.1 kg ha−1). Peanuts may benefit from Ca2+ better by using gypsum as the soil application and calcium nitrate as the foliar application to prevent disorders of Ca2+ deficiency under sandy soil conditions.

Determination of pod and crop maturity for peanuts using percent pod-fill

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Hinds ◽  
Bharat Singh ◽  
John C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crop Maturity ◽  
Composite Samples

A simple method for determining pod and crop maturity for peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) was developed using percent pod-fill (PF) — the percentage of green-pod volume that is seed. Peanut samples were collected 99–141 days after planting (DAP) for 3 yr from two soil types in the eastern Caribbean. PF of the composite pods and of the individual maturity classes from each treatment was determined. ANOVA, significance of means separation and correlation coefficients were computed. The results from the composite samples were correlated with optimum reaping time (ORT) established from the shellout method. ORT occurred 117–141 DAP. PF rate varied with season and soil type, but PF values for mature pods and for composite pods at ORT were independent of pod size, season and soil type. PF of mature pods was 41.5 ± 1.3% and was significantly different from that of other maturity classes. PF for composite pods at ORT was 38.2 ± 2.2% and was significantly different from PF values before ORT. The results indicated that percent pod-fill could be a reliable indicator of pod and crop maturity for peanuts.Key words: Arachis hypogaea, peanut maturity, pod-fill, maturity index

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