scholarly journals Phenotyping and genotyping parents of sixteen recombinant inbred peanut populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chu ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
T.G. Isleib ◽  
M. Burow ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
Parental Combination ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Wilt Virus

ABSTRACT In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), most agronomically important traits such as yield, disease resistance, and pod and kernel characteristics are quantitatively inherited. Phenotypic selection of these traits in peanut breeding programs can be augmented by marker-assisted selection. However, reliable associations between unambiguous genetic markers and phenotypic traits have to be established by genetic mapping prior to early generation marker-assisted selection. Previously, a nested association mapping (NAM) population of 16 recombinant inbred line populations (RILs) consisting 4870 lines was established. In order to facilitate effective mapping of such a large genetic resource, the first objective of the current study was to phenotype the parental lines for yield, pod traits, field maturity, germination, plant morphology, salt tolerance and resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and late leaf spot (LLS). For most measured traits, more than one parental combination demonstrated statistically significant variation which can be further quantified and mapped in the respective RIL populations. The second objective of this study was to genotype the parental lines using the Arachis Axiom SNP arrays to reveal the marker density of the mapping populations. The Version 1 array identified 1,000 to 4,000 SNPs among the population parents and the number of SNPs doubled on the Version 2 array. Further phenotyping and genotyping of the NAM populations will allow the construction of high density genetic maps containing quantitative trait loci.

scholarly journals Using marker-maps in marker-assisted selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Whittaker ◽  
R. N. Curnow ◽  
C. S. Haley ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Number Of Factors

SummaryA method of using information on the location of markers to improve the efficiency of markerassisted selection (MAS) in a population produced by a cross between two inbred lines is developed. The method is closer to mapping QTL than the selection index approaches to MAS described by previous authors. We use computer simulations to compare our method with phenotypic selection and two selection index approaches, simulations being performed on three genetic maps. The simulations show that whilst MAS can be considerably more efficient than phenotypic selection differences between the three MAS methods are slight. Which of the MAS methods is best depends on a number of factors: in particular the genetic map, the time scale under consideration and the population size are of importance.

scholarly journals Recombinant inbred lines derived from cultivars of pea for understanding the genetic basis of variation in breeders' traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Moreau ◽  
Maggie Knox ◽  
Lynda Turner ◽  
Tracey Rayner ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Field Trials

AbstractIn order to gain an understanding of the genetic basis of traits of interest to breeders, the pea varieties Brutus, Enigma and Kahuna were selected, based on measures of their phenotypic and genotypic differences, for the construction of recombinant inbred populations. Reciprocal crosses were carried out for each of the three pairs, and over 200 F2 seeds from each cross advanced to F13. Bulked F7 seeds were used to generate F8–F11 bulks, which were grown in triplicated plots within randomized field trials and used to collect phenotypic data, including seed weight and yield traits, over a number of growing seasons. Genetic maps were constructed from the F6 generation to support the analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits and have led to the identification of four major genetic loci involved in seed weight determination and at least one major locus responsible for variation in yield. Three of the seed weight loci, at least one of which has not been described previously, were associated with the marrowfat seed phenotype. For some of the loci identified, candidate genes have been identified. The F13 single seed descent lines are available as a germplasm resource for the legume and pulse crop communities.

scholarly journals High-resolution genetic maps ofLotus japonicusandL. burttiibased on re-sequencing of recombinant inbred lines

DNA Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Shah ◽  
Hideki Hirakawa ◽  
Shohei Kusakabe ◽  
Niels Sandal ◽  
Jens Stougaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Maps

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for Stripe Rust Resistance in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manyu Yang ◽  
Guangrong Li ◽  
Hongshen Wan ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. It is essential to discover more sources of stripe rust resistance genes for wheat breeding programs. Specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is a powerful tool for the construction of high-density genetic maps. In this study, a set of 200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between wheat cultivars Chuanmai 42 (CH42) and Chuanmai 55 (CH55) was used to construct a high-density genetic map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stripe rust resistance using SLAF-seq technology. A genetic map of 2828.51 cM, including 21 linkage groups, contained 6732 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP). Resistance QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2A, and 7B; Qyr.saas-7B was derived from CH42, whereas Qyr.saas-1B and Qyr.saas-2A were from CH55. The physical location of Qyr.saas-1B, which explained 6.24–34.22% of the phenotypic variation, overlapped with the resistance gene Yr29. Qyr.saas-7B accounted for up to 20.64% of the phenotypic variation. Qyr.saas-2A, a minor QTL, was found to be a likely new stripe rust resistance locus. A significant additive effect was observed when all three QTLs were combined. The combined resistance genes could be of value in breeding wheat for stripe rust resistance.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted Backcrossing for Identification of Salt Tolerant Rice Lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
JA Rashid ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
High Yielding Variety ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing ◽  
Tolerant Genotype ◽  
New Cultivars

SSR or microsatellite markers are proved to be ideal for making genetic maps, assisting selection and studying genetic diversity in germplasm. SSR markers are playing important role to identify gene for salt tolerance that can be helpful for plant breeders to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted during the period from July 2009 to November 2010 in the experimental field and Biotechnology Laboratory of Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh to identify salt tolerant rice line of BC1F1 progenies of Binadhan-5 x FL-478 using SSR markers. Salt tolerant genotype, FL-478 was crossed with high yielding variety, Binadhan-5. Randomly selected 40 BC1F1 progenies along with their two parents (Binadhan-5, FL-478 and F1) were genotyped with microsatellite or SSR markers for identification of salt tolerant rice lines. Parental polymorphism survey was assayed by 10 SSR markers and three polymorphic SSR markers viz., RM 336, RM 510, and RM 585 were selected to evaluate BC1F1 rice lines for salt tolerance. In respect of Primer RM 336, 11 lines were found as salt tolerant and 25 lines were heterozygous and 3 lines were susceptible. Primer RM 510 identified two tolerant, 14 heterozygous and 22 susceptible lines. And primer RM 585 identified 4 lines as tolerant and 35 lines as susceptible. Thus, these markers could be efficiently used in tagging salt tolerant genes, in marker-assisted selection and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The selected BC1F1 could be used for developing BC2F1 and BC2F2 and mapping genes for salinity tolerance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i2.14008 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (2): 1-8, December, 2012

scholarly journals A major autosomal gene effect on activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase segregating between recombinant inbred lines of mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Kenneth Harper
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ri Lines

SUMMARYG6PD measurements (expressed per g haemoglobin) in both males and females of the parental lines C57BL/6J and C57L/J and four recombinant inbred (RI) lines between them showed segregation of G6PD levels as parental classes (one line showed the higher C57BL/6J activity, three lines were indistinguishable from C57L/J). Haemoglobin also varied significantly among the parental and RI lines but this variation did not explain the variation in G6PD. NADP levels (expressed per g wet wt of erythrocytes) correlated with G6PD levels but one RI line was intermediate in males while two RI lines were lower than either parental line in females. Thus, the major autosomal locus affecting G6PD levels which segregates between these two inbred lines probably does not act directly on NADP levels. The variation in the G6PD levels in the four RI lines co-segregated with the brown coat color locus but the association is not significant because of the small number of RI lines available.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pepper Fruit for Resistance to Phytophthora capsici in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population, and the Correlation with Fruit Shape

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Naegele ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Line ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Line Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Lesion Area

Phytophthora capsici causes fruit, root, and foliar blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum) in field production. Breeding for disease-resistant commercial pepper cultivars is essential to long-term management of P. capsici. In this study, the severity of Phytophthora fruit rot was evaluated in an F6 recombinant inbred line population between CM334, a landrace from Mexico, and the commercial ‘Early Jalapeño’. The two parents and 67 progeny lines were evaluated for fruit rot resistance at 3 and 5 days post inoculation (dpi) using three P. capsici isolates. Fruit shape was also evaluated for each line, and the correlation between shape and disease symptoms was investigated. Significant differences were detected among lines in lesion area measured 3 and 5 dpi, and in phenotypic traits (fruit length, width, and shape index). Of the fruit phenotypic traits measured, only fruit shape index had a significant, albeit weak (r = 0.2892, P = 0.02), correlation with lesion area when inoculated, and with only one of the three isolates of P. capsici evaluated. These results suggest that breeding for fruit rot resistance in pepper will have minimal linkage with fruit shape in the CM334 background.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
G. Kochert ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Peanut breeders are constantly in search of new sources of genes that confer tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to improve the production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut lines generated from interspecific crosses for amounts of wild species introgression, including genes for resistance to peanut root-knot nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and leaf spot diseases. Nine diploid Arachis species were crossed with peanut breeding lines and 130 different interspecific hybrid lines were developed. These lines were evaluated for the amount of introgression using RFLP analyses, plant morphology, and disease resistant phenotypes. Based on RFLPs, 41 lines showed measurable introgression and 12 hexaploid-derived lines were polymorphic for at least four probes. Greenhouse and field evaluations indicated that resistance was not present in the lines tested for tomato spotted wilt virus, early leaf spot, or Cylindrocladium black rot. However, resistance approaching that of the wild species was found for the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) among lines derived from crosses with Arachis diogoi, A. correntina, A. batizocoi, and A. cardenasii. Introgression lines were resistant (disease ratings of 1.5 to 4.5 and lesion numbers 8 to 63) compared to Southern Runner (ratings of 5.5 to 6 and lesion numbers of nearly 500) for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personation) in field evaluations performed in Gainesville, FL over 2 yr. The greatest resistance was found among lines from crosses with A. batizocoi, A. duranensis, A. stenosperma, A. magma, and A. diogoi. Results indicate that it should be possible to identify molecular markers to tag resistance genes for use in conventional breeding programs and stack these genes in highly productive peanut cultivars.

scholarly journals An experimentally introduced population of Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae). 2. Rapid evolution of phenotypic traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Sekor ◽  
Steven J. Franks
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Changes

Background and aims – Introduced populations can potentially experience strong selection and rapid evolution. While some retrospective studies have shown rapid evolution in introduced populations in the past, few have directly tested for and characterized evolution as it occurs. Here we use an experimental introduction to directly observe and quantify evolution of multiple traits in a plant population introduced to a novel environment. Methods – We experimentally introduced seeds of the annual plant Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae) from a location in southern California into multiple replicated plots in New York. We allowed the populations to naturally evolve for 3 years. Following the resurrection approach, we compared ancestors and descendants planted in common garden conditions in New York in multiple phenotypic traits. Key results – Within only three generations, there was significant evolution of several morphological, phenological, and fitness traits, as well as substantial variation among traits. Despite selection for larger size during the three years following introduction, there was evolution of smaller size, earlier flowering time, and shorter duration of flowering. Although there were rapid evolutionary changes in traits, descendants did not have greater fitness than ancestors in New York, indicating a lack of evidence for adaptive evolution, at least over the timeframe of the study. Conclusions – This study found rapid evolution of several morphological and phenological traits, including smaller plant size and shorter time to flowering, following introduction, confirming that evolution can rapidly occur during the early stages of colonization. Many traits evolved in the opposite direction predicted from phenotypic selection analysis, which suggests that the resurrection approach can reveal unanticipated evolutionary changes and can be very useful for studying contemporary evolution.

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