scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Carfentrazone-ethyl and Pyraflufen-ethyl Applied Close to Harvest

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
David Jordan ◽  
Katherine Jennings
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

ABSTRACT Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) and other weeds are often present at peanut harvest and can interfere with digging pods and inverting vines. Carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl control large morningglory and could be an effective strategy as harvest aids in peanut. However, crop response to these herbicides has not been determined for Virginia market type peanut cultivars in North Carolina. One experiment was conducted during 2012, 2013, and 2014 to determine peanut response to carfentrazone or pyraflufen-ethyl applied postemergence 1 and 2 weeks prior to digging peanut pods and inverting vines. In a second experiment conducted during 2014 and 2015, peanut response to carfentrazone-ethyl, diclosulam, pyraflufen-ethyl, lactofen, and 2,4-DB applied 4 wk before digging (WBD) was determined. Visible peanut injury from carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl did not exceed 40% regardless of application timing or rate, and peanut yield was not affected compared with non-treated peanut regardless of visible injury when applied 1 or 2 WBD. However, when applied 4 WBD, peanut yields were 9 to 10% lower when carfentrazone-ethyl or pyraflufen-ethyl were applied compared with non-treated peanut. Diclosulam, lactofen, and 2,4-DB did not adversely affect yield. These results show that carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl will not affect peanut yield within 2 WBD but can reduce yield when applied earlier in the season during pod fill.

scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to the Ethylene Binding Inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Z. G. Taylor ◽  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
D. L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Ethylene Binding ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods is controlled by the ethylene cascade. Reducing senescence and abscission could involve inhibiting the ethylene cascade and allow greater harvest flexibility in peanut. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the ethylene binding inhibitor, may reduce senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods. Research was conducted from 2005 through 2008 in North Carolina to determine the effects of 1-MCP on pod yield and percentages of sound mature kernels (%SMK), sound splits (%SS), total sound mature kernels (%TSMK), other kernels (%OK), extra large kernels (%ELK), fancy pods (%FP), and pod retention. Treatments of 1-MCP were applied at 26 g ai/ha plus a crop oil concentrate at 7, 10, or 14 d prior to digging peanut at the projected optimum digging date. Peanut was dug at the projected optimum digging date or at 7 or 20 d after projected optimum digging date. The cultivars NC-V 11 (2005 and 2007), Phillips (2006 and 2007), and Perry (2008) were evaluated in separate experiments. Pod yield, %SMK, %TSMK, %SS, %OK, %ELK, and %FP were not affected by 1-MCP regardless of application timing when NC-V 11 and Phillips were evaluated. Only %SMK and %TSMK were affected by 1-MCP when applied to the cultivar Perry. Digging date affected pod yield and market grade characteristics. When digging of Phillips and Perry was delayed by 7 or 20 d past the optimum digging date, %SMK and %TSMK increased. Pod retention, determined by comparing the number and mass of pods/plant following digging, was affected by digging date and location but not 1-MCP treatment. These data suggest that 1-MCP will have little activity on peanut pod yield, market grade characteristics, or pod retention.

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Lactofen at Various Postemergence Timings1

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
T. A. Baughman ◽  
E. P. Prostko ◽  
T. L. Grey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Preharvest Interval

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at nine locations in Texas and Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate peanut tolerance to lactofen. Lactofen at 220 g ai/ha plus crop oil concentrate was applied to peanut at 6 leaf (lf), 6 lf followed by (fb) 15 days after the initial treatment (DAIT), 15 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 30 DAIT, 30 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 45 DAIT, 45 DAIT alone, 6 lf fb 60 DAIT, and 60 DAIT alone in weed-free plots. Lactofen caused visible leaf bronzing at all locations. Yield loss was observed when applications were made 45 DAIT, a timing that would correspond to plants in the R5 (beginning seed) to R6 (full seed) stage of growth. At all locations except the Texas High Plains, this application timing was within the 90 d preharvest interval. Growers who apply lactofen early in the peanut growing season to small weeds should have confidence that yields will not be negatively impacted despite dramatic above-ground injury symptoms; however, applications made later in the season, during seed fill, may adversely affect yield.

Screening for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
K. H. Garren
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), caused by Calonectria crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers (Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers), is potentially one of the most serious peanut diseases in Virginia. Over 60 peanut lines at multiple locations and 140 peanut lines at a single location were screened in the field for resistance to CBR from 1973–1977 in Virginia and North Carolina. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by number of dead plants per plot in 1973 and by percent dead plants per plot in 1974–1977. In addition, in 1974, 1975 and 1977, visual estimates of CBR damage to roots and pods were made. Florigiant, Spancross, VGP 1 and/or NC 3033 were used as checks to determine relative susceptiability. Results generally indicate that spanish-type peanuts are the most resistant to CBR, valencia-type peanuts the least resistant and Virginia-type peanuts intermediate. Florigiant was consistently one of the most susceptible genotypes, while NC 3033, Spancross and VGP 1 were among the most resistant. Four valencia-type peanuts, 22 virginia-type peanuts, 28 spanish-type peanuts, one segregating line, and one wild species (A. monticola), with resistance equal to or better than Spancross, NC 3033 and/or VGP 1 were identified. Pod and root damage scores generally corresponded with percent diseased plants. However, differences were observed, indicating separate genetic mechanisms may control pod and root resistance to CBR. The significances of variability among sister lines and locations are discussed.

Influence of Application Variables on Efficacy of Manganese-Containing Fertilizers Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Ipomoea Purpurea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Abstract Several formulations of the essential element manganese (Mn) are commercially available for application to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Research was conducted in North Carolina to compare accumulation of Mn in peanut leaves, stems, and pods following application of water soluble manganese sulfate including 17.5% Mn (Techmangum® or Man-Gro DF®) and liquid Mn formulations including 5.0% Mn (Manganese Xtra©) or 8% Mn (Nutrisol 8% Manganese™). Experiments were also conducted to determine the influence of herbicides, adjuvants, and selected fungicide and insecticide combinations on Mn accumulation in peanut leaves. A second experiment was conducted to determine if efficacy of clethodim, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, sethoxydim, and 2,4-DB was affected by Mn formulations when applied in mixture. Experiments were also conducted to determine the effect of Mn on efficacy of the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole. More Mn was found in leaves when dry formulations of Mn were applied compared to liquid formulations, reflecting the higher amount of actual Mn delivered per ha based on manufacturer recommendations of these products. Accumulation of Mn was higher when Mn was applied with the herbicides clethodim, imazapic, and lactofen compared with Mn alone or Mn plus 2,4-DB. Accumulation of Mn was similar for Mn alone or most combinations of Mn with fungicides and insecticides. Manganese did not affect corn (Zea mays L.) control by clethodim or sethoxydim; large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control by clethodim; Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] control by imazethapyr; sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby] control by imazapic, imazethapyr, or 2,4-DB; or tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth] control by imazapic. In contrast, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) control by lactofen was reduced by dry manganese but not the 8% liquid solution. Peanut canopy defoliation was similar when the fungicides azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, or tebuconazole individually were compared alone, with Mn, or Mn plus the insecticide lambda cyhalothrin.

scholarly journals Comparing the Risks and Benefits of Early Applications of Chlorimuron for Weed Control in Peanut

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Chlorimuron is applied from 60 days after peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) emergence (DAE) until 45 days prior to harvest to control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC]. Research trials were conducted in Georgia from 2006 to 2008 to determine whether the benefits of controlling smaller weeds earlier in the season compensate for the potential risk of significant peanut injury from chlorimuron. Chlorimuron at 9 g ai/ha was applied at 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, and 91 DAE. Additionally, flumioxazin (105 g ai/ha) preemergence was included as a treated control, along with a nontreated control. Main plots were split into subplots; weed-free and weeds present. Flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed 82%. Chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed 38 to 67%, with applications 21 and 35 DAE more efficacious than later applications. With weeds present, peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. Weed-free peanut treated with chlorimuron at any application timing yielded less than peanut treated with flumioxazin. These data indicate that chlorimuron applied earlier than 60 DAE provided better Florida beggarweed control with greater peanut yield than when applied at the recommended time intervals. However, Florida beggarweed control and peanut yield from any of the chlorimuron treatments were consistently less than flumioxazin.

scholarly journals Peanut Peg Strength and Associated Pod Yield and Loss by Cultivar

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
R.C. Nuti ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
C.Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Stems And Leaves

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) peg strength and associated pod yield and digging loss were documented for nine cultivars and two breeding genotypes across three harvest dates (early, mid, and late season) at two Southwest Georgia locations during 2010 and 2011. Cultivars selected were Georgia Green, Georgia Greener, Georgia-02C, Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia-09B, Georgia-10T, Florida-07, Tifguard, and advanced breeding lines EXP27-1516 and TifGP-2. Prior to digging, a minimum of three peanut plants from each plot were selected and excess stems and leaves were removed with scissors leaving individual peanut pegs and pods with about 5-cm of stem. Each peanut pod was placed in a “U” shaped metal bracket attached to an electronic force gauge and the stem was pulled manually until the pod detached. After digging and combining, a tractor-mounted scavenger machine was used to collect pods remaining in the soil. Peg strength was greater at Dawson (6.14 N) compared to Tifton (5.28 N) in 2010 but were similar in 2011 (4.51 and 4.39 N, respectively). Dawson had consistently higher yields (5326 kg/ha) and lower pod loss (562 kg/ha) compared with Tifton (3803 kg/ha and 936 kg/ha, respectively). Peanut cultivars with greater peg strength across locations were Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Georiga-02C. Cultivar Georiga-06G showed the greatest yield across locations and years. Other cultivars may have had stronger peg strength, greater pod yield, or lower pod loss but none were more consistent than these three cultivars across years, locations, and harvest dates.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivars and Field Traffic on the Fruiting Patterns of Virgina Type Peanuts1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
R. Walton Mozingo
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
New Production ◽  
Similar Position ◽  
Probability Field ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Growth Habits

Abstract Knowledge of the fruiting patterns of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is useful in determining the most feasible band widths for pesticides and other amendments, designing new peanut equipment and adapting new production practices for specific cultivars. The fruiting patterns and the effect of field traffic on these patterns were determined on five large-seeded Virginia type peanut cultivars with variant growth habits. Cultivars differed in fruiting patterns with the bunch growth type having a significantly higher percentage of their pods near the taproot than the runner types. The bunch types, NC 17 and NC-FLA 14 had 73.5 and 66.5% of their total fruit within a 13-cm wide section centered over the taproot whereas, the runners, VA 72R and Florigiant, and the intermediate type, NC 5, had 42.8, 45.5 and 45.3%, respectively, in a similar position. At the 0.05 level of probability, field traffic had no significant effect on the fruit distribution of the bunch cultivars, but NC 5, VA 72R and Florigiant (at 0.10 level) produced significantly less fruit on the side of the row subjected to field traffic during the fruiting season.

Effect of Nicosulfuron Mixtures and Time of Application on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Cultivars

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Littlefield ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Barry J. Brecke ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Significant Injury

Field experiments were conducted near Marianna, Trenton, and Archer, FL in 1990 and 1991 to investigate the effect of nicosulfuron mixtures and time of application on five peanut cultivars. Nicosulfuron at 54 g ai/ha was applied alone or in mixture with 2,4-DB at 280 g ai/ha 5 weeks after planting (WAP), 9 WAP, or 5 plus 9 WAP. Injury was greater from early and sequential nicosulfuron applications while a single application 9 WAP typically did not cause significant injury or reduce peanut yield. The 5 WAP and 5 plus 9 WAP applications often caused early visible injury and sometimes reduced peanut yield. When peanut yields were compared, ‘Florigiant’ was the most sensitive cultivar while ‘Southern Runner’ and ‘Valencia’ were more tolerant to nicosulfuron. ‘Sunrunner’ and ‘NC-7’ were intermediate in tolerance to nicosulfuron. In several instances, the addition of 2,4-DB to nicosulfuron reduced initial crop injury and ameliorated yield losses resulting from nicosulfuron applied alone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document