scholarly journals Identification of Rare Recombinants Leads to Tightly Linked Markers for Nematode Resistance in Peanut

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chu ◽  
R. Gill ◽  
J. Clevenger ◽  
P. Timper ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Wild Diploid Species ◽  
Introgressed Region

ABSTRACT Strong host resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne arenaria) introgressed from a wild diploid species to cultivated peanut was previously shown to be located on a large chromosomal region of linkage group A09. Little to no recombination in mapping populations has hindered fine mapping of the resistance genes. In order to further delineate the introgressed region, additional polymorphic markers were added to the linkage group A09 using a recombinant inbred line population developed from Gregory x Tifguard in which Gregory is the susceptible parent and Tifguard is the resistant parent harboring the alien introgression. Map distance within the introgressed region based on this population increased to 8 cM compared with zero recombination in an earlier generation. Lines with rare recombination within this introgressed region were phenotyped and it was demonstrated that one portion of the introgressed region confers moderate resistance while a smaller, distal portion confers strong resistance to RKN. Molecular markers associated with the introgressed region conferring strong resistance can be deployed in peanut breeding programs to improve selection for RKN resistance.

scholarly journals Expression of Nematode Resistance in Plant Introductions of Arachis hypogaea

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Timper ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
H. Q. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria, race 1) is a world-wide pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Several moderately resistant genotypes have been identified in the cultivated peanut species. Our objective was to determine the expression of resistance for six of these genotypes. We examined four potential expressions of resistance—(a) fewer second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrate the roots, (b) fewer J2 establish functional feeding sites, (c) slower maturation, and (d) reduced fecundity (eggs per female). Seedlings of the susceptible cultivar Florunner and the resistant genotypes were inoculated with J2 of M. arenaria, and transplanted 3 d later to synchronize nematode development. Penetration was assessed at 3 and 10 d; development at 10 (or 12), 17, 22, and 27 d; and fecundity at 60 d after inoculation. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse or growth chamber. The number of J2 within the roots was similar in resistant and susceptible peanut after 3 d; however, numbers were lower in two of the resistant genotypes than in Florunner after 10 d. A greater percentage of J2 failed to develop in all of the resistant genotypes (72 to 79%) than in Florunner (50%) after 17 d. Of the J2 that did begin to develop, the rate of maturation and fecundity was similar in resistant and susceptible genotypes. A lack of development indicates that the J2 failed to establish a feeding site. Therefore, the primary expression of resistance in the six peanut genotypes appears to be a reduction in the percentage of J2 that establish a functional feeding site. The decline in J2 after infection may be related to the failure to establish a feeding site.

scholarly journals Morphological and reproductive characterization of nascent allotetraploids cross-compatible with cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler Levinson ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Xuelin Luo ◽  
H. Thomas Stalker ◽  
Dongying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Leaf Hairiness ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

AbstractPeanut improvement is limited by a narrow genetic base. However, this obstacle can be circumvented by incorporating phenotypic variability from wild, diploid Arachis species through interspecific hybridizations. In this study, four allotetraploid interspecific hybrids IpaCor4x (A. ipaensis × A. correntina), IpaDur4x (A. ipaensis × A. duranensis), IpaSten4x (A. ipaensis × A. stenosperma), and ValSten4x (A. valida × A. stenosperma) were created and morphologically characterized through the following parameters: flower count, flower size, flower banner pigmentation, leaf area and weight, leaf hairiness, main stem height, internode length, percent of reproductive nodes, biomass, 100 pod weight, and 100 seed weight. For every trait, except for flower banner absorption at 380 nm, at least one or more allotetraploids differed from the cultivated peanut control. In general, these allotetraploids had a greater production of flowers during the growing season, larger flowers, larger and hairier leaves, taller main stems, longer primary laterals, longer internodes, lower percentage of reproductive nodes, heavier plant body masses, and smaller seeds and pods. This phenotypic diversity can be utilized directly in ornamental and forage breeding, while for oil and food crop breeding, this diversity will likely need to be selected against while desirable traits such as disease and insect resistance and abiotic stress tolerances derived from the wild diploid species are maintained.

Root knot tolerance in some grape vine rootstocks

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Sultana vines grafted on rootstocks with slight to moderate resistance to root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood, were planted in root knot infested sandy loam soil in an established vineyard that had been fumigated with DD at 20 gallons an acre immediately after old vines were removed. Over a seven-year period vigorous high yielding vines were produced on the rootstocks 101-14 and Rupestris du Lot. An off type 101-14 and 420A were less successful. Ungrafted sultana vines in the same soil matched grafted vines in growth for three or four years, then failed to keep pace. Total yields from vines on 101-14 and du Lot in the fifth to seventh seasons were twice the yields of the ungrafted, and differences in growth appear to be increasing. Because of better growth habit and higher nematode resistance 101-14 is preferred to du Lot.

scholarly journals Identification and Mapping of Markers Linked to the Mi Gene for Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Peach

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Gillen ◽  
Fred A. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Repulsion Phase ◽  
Group 2

An F2 population from a single F1 plant from the cross of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] rootstock cultivars Harrow Blood (HB) × Okinawa (Oki) was used to locate the Mi locus, which conditions resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. These data and comparison of common markers among published genetic linkage maps placed the Mi locus on Prunus L. linkage group 2. Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) [linked at 4.8 and 6.8 centimorgan (cM), repulsion phase] and one random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker (linked at 9.5 cM, coupling phase) were linked to Mi. The RAPD marker was cloned, sequenced, and converted to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPs) marker. Clones of resistance gene analogs (RGA) developed from Oki were highly polymorphic when used as RFLP probes. The RGA's mapped to four linkage groups but clustered on two of the four linkage groups, providing limited coverage of the genome. Even so, they may be useful as markers for disease resistance genes that occur in other populations. The linkage maps of the HB × Oki F2 population and a peach × almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) F2 population were colinear in certain regions, however, a significant number of markers mapped to different linkage groups among the two populations. The locus for the blood-flesh trait (red-violet mesocarp) mapped to the top of linkage group 4.

scholarly journals Identifying a Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker Linked to a Gene for Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Sweetpotato

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ukoskit ◽  
P.G. Thompson ◽  
C.E. Watson ◽  
G.W. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene

The inheritance of resistance to root-knot nematode race 3 [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was studied in 71 progenies of the F1 single-cross population produced from the cross of resistant parent `Regal' and susceptible parent `Vardaman'. The distribution frequency of the progenies based on log total nematode number (egg + juvenile counts) was a bimodal distribution with a ratio of ≈4 resistant : 1 susceptible. Based on this phenotypic ratio, the proposed genetic model was duplex polysomic inheritance (RRrrrr = resistant parent and rrrrrr = susceptible parent). Bulk segregant analysis in conjunction with the RAPD technique was used to identify a RAPD marker linked to a root-knot-nematode-resistance gene. Of 760 random decamer primers screened, 9 showed polymorphic bands between the two bulk DNA samples. Primer OPI51500 produced a band in the resistant bulk but not in the susceptible bulk, suggesting a linkage in coupling phase. An estimated recombination fraction of 0.2421 ± 0.057 between the marker and the root-knot-nematode-resistance gene indicated linkage.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS VAR. CITROIDES) GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 520A-520
Author(s):  
J. A. Thies ◽  
A. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica) cause severe damage to watermelon and resistance has not been identified in any watermelon cultivar. In greenhouse tests, we evaluated 265 U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for nematode resistance (based on root galling and nematode reproduction), and identified 22 PIs of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as moderately resistant to M. arenaria race 1. In subsequent tests, these 22 PIs exhibited low to moderate resistance to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. Three watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus) cultivars (Charleston Gray, Crimson Sweet, and Dixie Lee), three C. colocynthis PIs, and four C. lanatus var. citroides PIs, all previously shown to be susceptible to M. arenaria race 1, were susceptible to M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2. The C. lanatus var. citroides PIs that are most resistant to both M. incognita and M. arenaria should be useful sources of resistance for developing root-knot nematode resistant watermelon cultivars.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Jie Tan ◽  
Shuping Huang ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plant Nematode

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries. Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, is employed worldwide as rootstock for eggplant cultivation due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases such as RKNs. In this study, to identify the RKN defense mechanisms, the transcriptomic profiles of eggplant and Solanum torvum were compared. A total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the response to RKN infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the processes of response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Many phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, and NAC) were differentially expressed at the four time points (ck, 7, 14, and 28 days post-infection). The abscisic acid signaling pathway might be involved in plant-nematode interactions. qRT-PCR validated the expression levels of some of the DEGs in eggplant. These findings demonstrate the nematode-induced expression profiles and provide some insights into the nematode resistance mechanism in eggplant.

A Centromeric Tandem Repeat Family Originating From a Part of Ty3/gypsy-Retroelement in Wheat and Its Relatives

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Cheng ◽  
Minoru Murata
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Repeat Family ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
Wild Diploid Species

AbstractFrom a wild diploid species that is a relative of wheat, Aegilops speltoides, a 301-bp repeat containing 16 copies of a CAA microsatellite was isolated. Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that ∼250 bp of the sequence is tandemly arrayed at the centromere regions of A- and B-genome chromosomes of common wheat and rye chromosomes. Although the DNA sequence of this 250-bp repeat showed no notable homology in the databases, the flanking or intervening sequences between the repeats showed high homologies (>82%) to two separate sequences of the gag gene and its upstream region in cereba, a Ty3/gypsy-like retroelement of Hordeum vulgare. Since the amino acid sequence deduced from the 250 bp with seven CAAs showed some similarity (∼53%) to that of the gag gene, we concluded that the 250-bp repeats had also originated from the cereba-like retroelements in diploid wheat such as Ae. speltoides and had formed tandem arrays, whereas the 300-bp repeats were dispersed as a part of cereba-like retroelements. This suggests that some tandem repeats localized at the centromeric regions of cereals and other plant species originated from parts of retrotransposons.

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