scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Late Leaf Spot, and Stem Rot

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay W. Chapin ◽  
James S. Thomas ◽  
Thomas G. Isleib ◽  
Frederick M. Shokes ◽  
William D. Branch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance

Abstract Susceptibility to viral and fungal diseases is a major factor limiting profit in the production of virginia-type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the South Carolina coastal plain. Field tests were conducted over a three-year period (2006–08) to evaluate the disease resistance of 47 experimental virginia-type breeding lines and eight cultivars. Relative to commercially available standards, cultivar Bailey (recently released by N. C. State Univ.), three sister lines (N03088T, N03089T, and N03090T), and N03091T were found to have consistently less susceptibility to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus; late leaf spot, Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton; and stem rot, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The level of field resistance measured for these three diseases was comparable to that of a resistant runner-type cultivar, Georgia-03L. Yield was highly correlated with multiple disease resistance, and yield performance of some resistant lines exceeded the best commercial standard cultivars under reduced fungicide programs. Potential negative attributes of Bailey, its sister lines, and N03091T were a greater susceptibility to leafhopper injury, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and a relatively larger plant size at maturity, without well defined rows to facilitate digging. Other lines that demonstrated reduced susceptibility to both tomato spotted wilt and stem rot were N03005J and N02009. Although only evaluated in the last test year, five Univ. of Florida lines (FLMR7, FLMR9, FLMR12, FLMR14, and FLMR15) and Georgia-08V (recently released by the Univ. of Georgia) also showed some reduction in stem rot susceptibility relative to the standard (cultivar NC-V 11). Equally important, many experimental lines were identified with significantly greater disease susceptibility than current commercial cultivars. Under South Carolina production conditions, these lines would be poor candidates for advancement. Deployment of the multiple disease resistance found in these experimental cultivars offers several potential benefits beyond direct yield improvement: reduction of fungicide input costs for both foliar and soil disease control, prolonging the utility of currently available fungicides, and reduction of weather related harvest risk by allowing earlier initial planting dates.

Use of Azoxystrobin for Disease Control in Texas Peanut

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Untreated Check

Abstract Field studies were conducted at 11 locations across south Texas from 1994 to 1997 to determine the activity of azoxystrobin against southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.), Rhizoctonia pod rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn), early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) and late leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton]. Azoxystrobin at 0.22 to 0.45 kg/ha applied twice provided control of stem rot, Rhizoctonia pod rot, and leaf spot comparable to tebuconazole at 0.2 kg/ha applied four times. Peanut yield increases were evident with all fungicide treatments over the untreated check.

Stem Rot (White Mold) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Resistance among Peanut Genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Branch ◽  
T.B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Wilt Virus

ABSTRACT Stem rot, also known as white mold (WM), caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and tomato spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), are two major disease problems in Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Current fungicides for stem rot control are very effective but expensive, and insecticides usually have little effect on TSWV, which is transmitted by thrips. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate different peanut genotypes for resistance to both of these pathogens. Field test evaluations were conducted for four consecutive years (2010-13) at a site on the agronomy research farm near the Coastal Plain Experiment Station which has a long history of continuous peanut production and a high incidence of stem rot (WM) and TSWV. Results from these field tests showed significant differences among the peanut genotypes evaluated for combined resistance to both diseases. Several genotypes showed low TSWV incidence at mid-season and mid-to-late season. However by late season and after digging, the best combination of stem rot (WM) and TSWV disease resistance and highest consistent yield over years was in the runner-type peanut cultivar ‘Georgia-12Y’, along with ‘York’, ‘Georgia-07W’, and ‘Georgia-10T’.

2012–2016 On-Farm Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Peanut Disease Control in Hamilton County, Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Wynn ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Rebecca L. Barocco
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Hamilton County

This ten-page fact sheet includes a summary of various fungicide spray programs for fungal disease control of early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and white mold/stem rot of peanut in 2012-2016 on-farm trials in Hamilton County. Written by K.W. Wynn, N.S. Dufault, and R.L. Barocco and published by the Plant Pathology Department.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp334

scholarly journals Registration of three peanut allotetraploid interspecific hybrids resistant to late leaf spot disease and tomato spotted wilt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chu ◽  
H. Thomas Stalker ◽  
Kathleen Marasigan ◽  
Chandler M. Levinson ◽  
Dongying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt

Soil-Borne Pests of Peanut in Growers' Fields with Different Cropping Histories in Alabama1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Seed Invasion

Abstract Pest levels and yields of peanut were monitored in growers' fields in 1991 through 1993. Yields ranged from 2085 to 6440 kg/ha and averaged 3947 kg/ha over the 3 yr. Incidence of southern stem rot (SSR) (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) averaged 7.6 foci (up to 30 cm in length) per 30.5 m row and ranged from 0 to 31.0 foci. Peanut yield tended to be inversely related to incidence of SSR and directly related to the number of years between peanut crops. Incidence of SSR was inversely related to number of years between peanut crops and was consistently greater in fields cropped to peanut every other year compared to other fields with less intensive peanut production. Yields obtained from irrigated fields averaged 11.4% greater than those without irrigation. Leaf spot control programs used by growers provided consistent levels of control. Peanut seed invasion by aflatoxigenic fungi and plant damage by larvae of the lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalus lignosellus) generally were low. Seed invasion by Aspergillus flavus-type fungi was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with damage due to lesser cornstalk borer in 1993. Juvenile populations of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with incidence of SSR in 1992.

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Woodward ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
N. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT In 2003, 2004, and 2005 standard and reduced input fungicide programs were evaluated throughout the peanut production region of Georgia for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). Disease risk was determined for each field based on the cultural practices implemented and ranged from low to high. Six to eight fungicide applications were made in the standard programs, versus three to six applications in reduced programs. Leaf spot ratings were higher for the reduced programs in five of the fourteen trials with substantial defoliation occurring in one trial. Overall, southern stem rot control for the reduced programs was equal to or better than that for the standard program, which could be attributed to the differences in fungicide selection or timing. Pod yields for the reduced programs were equal to or greater than the standard programs in all but one trial. Net returns were higher for the reduced programs in half of the trials; however, the reduced program resulted in lower net returns in one trial in 2004. Our results indicate that reduced input fungicide programs can be used to adequately manage fungal diseases of peanut without compromising yield or profitability, and that the use of cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance may enhance disease control.

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Improved Management Efficacy of Late Leaf Spot on Peanut Through Combined Application of Prothioconazole with Fluxapyroxad and Pyraclostrobin

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Anco ◽  
Justin B. Hiers ◽  
James S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Combined Application

Late leaf spot, caused by Nothopassalora personata, is the most economically important fungal disease affecting peanut foliage in South Carolina and can result in combined management and yield loss costs of greater than 490 dollars/ha. Application of protectant fungicides is a critical part of effective integrated management under commercial production, and their strategic alternation and combination in management programs can provide enhanced control. Trials were conducted in Blackville, SC, from 2017 to 2019 to investigate whether combinations of prothioconazole with fluxapyroxad plus pyraclostrobin could provide more efficacious management of late leaf spot compared to either product alone. Two applications of 0.11 kg/ha prothioconazole with 0.05 kg/ha fluxapyroxad plus 0.1 kg/ha pyraclostrobin resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) less (24% to 42%) peanut canopy defoliation compared to the same number of applications of either product applied individually, with the combined application reflecting significant (p < 0.0202) synergism compared to component products as assessed through independent action methodology. An increased rate of fluxapyroxad plus pyraclostrobin application (0.1 and 0.2 kg/ha, respectively), with 0.16 kg/ha prothioconazole did not improve management relative to their combination at the examined lower rate (p = 0.89). Peanut yield was not adversely affected following combined applications. Cost-effectiveness of this combination depends on the actual disease intensity and yield potential of a given crop.

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