Survey of Weeds and Management Practices in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Savanna Ecology of Ghana1

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Dzomeku ◽  
M. Abudulai ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
D. L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Vernonia Galamensis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the most popular legume cultivated for food and cash in the Guinea and Sudan savannah ecologies of northern Ghana. A three-year survey was conducted between 2003 and 2005 to: (1) document the prevalence of weed species, (2) determine current cropping systems and weed management practices, and (3) assess the response of peanut to weed management practices. Flora with more than 5% dominance included: (1) the dicotyledonous weeds, Corchorus olitorius L. Commelina benghalensis L., Commelina diffusa Burm., f, Desmodium scorpluras (Sw.) Desv., Hyptis suoveolens Poit., Mimosa invisa Mart., Mimosa pigra L., Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC., Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn., Scoparia dulcis L., Tridax procumbens L., Triumfeta cordiflora A. Rich., and Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less.; (2) the monocotyledonous weeds Axonopus compresus (Sw.) P. Beauv., Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus rotundus L., Digitaria horizontalisWilld., Eragrostis tremula Hochst. Ex Steud., Hackelochloa granularis (L.) O. Ktze., Kyllinga erecta Schumach. Var., Kyllinga squamulata Thonn. Ex Vahl., Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, and Setaria pallide-fusca (Schum.) Stapf. & C.E. Hubbard; and (3) the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Land preparation practices included the use of tractors, followed by use of livestock, and lastly hand preparation. Cropping systems consisted of cereals preceding peanut, peanut preceding peanut, and intercropping peanut with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), millet (Pennisetum Americanum L.), or corn (Zea mays L.). Genetically-improved peanut cultivars expressing bunch or erect growth habits were the most common cultivars although some farmers planted local cultivars expressing a distinct runner growth habit. The majority of farmers planted peanut from early June to early July based on rainfall pattern. Eighty-eight percent of peanut fields were hand weeded once, 3 to 5 weeks after planting (WAP) or twice, 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 WAP. Weed management was generally poorly timed and insufficient to prevent significant weed interference resulting in total oven-dried weed biomass ranging from 600 to 2400 kg/ha at harvest. Peanut haulm production ranged from 500 to 5500 kg/ha with improved cultivars. Pod yield production ranged from 200 to 1680 kg/ha. Results from this survey revealed the need for accelerated research and capacity building of farmers and agricultural extension agents for improved technology transfer to the peanut industry in the region.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Release of Two Peanut Cultivars: A Case Study of Partnerships in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Owusu–Akyaw ◽  
M.B. Mochiah ◽  
J.Y. Asibuo ◽  
K. Osei ◽  
A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Feed The Future

ABSTRACT New technologies combined with improved genetics and farmer access are important components required to improve productivity and efficiencies of cropping systems. The ability of the public and private sector to provide these components to farmers often vary considerably and can be challenging because of limited resource allocation and investment in institutions designed to provide these services. Partnerships among national programs where resources are limited and external entities can provide an effective platform to deliver improved cultivars and production and pest management practices that increase crop yield and economic viability of resource-poor farmers. In this note, we describe a partnership between the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI) in Ghana, the International Center for Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the US Agency for International Development Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program (USAID Peanut CRSP), the Feed the Future Innovation Lab on Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin Control (PMIL), and North Carolina State University (NCSU) that resulted in the release of two ICRISAT-derived lines as cultivars to farmers in Ghana. The cultivars Otuhia (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yenyawoso (Arachis hypogaea L.) were released by CSIR-CRI in 2012 following evaluations of breeding lines beginning in 1999. This case study provides insight into the research focus and timeline that occurred with this partnership during the research and development process. A portion of the data obtained to support release of these cultivars is provided.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

Interactions of Tillage with Management Practices Designed to Minimize Tomato Spotted Wilt of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hurt ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
B. M. Royals ◽  
P. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Competitiveness of Herbicide-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Butts ◽  
Bruno C. Vieira ◽  
Débora O. Latorre ◽  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Greg R. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Soybean Plants

AbstractWaterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus(Moq.) J. D. Sauer] is a troublesome weed occurring in cropping systems throughout the U.S. Midwest with an ability to rapidly evolve herbicide resistance that could be associated with competitive disadvantages. Little research has investigated the competitiveness of differentA. tuberculatuspopulations under similar environmental conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (1) the interspecific competitiveness of three herbicide-resistantA. tuberculatuspopulations (2,4-D and atrazine resistant [2A-R], glyphosate and protoporphyrinogen oxidase [PPO]-inhibitor resistant [GP-R], and 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, and PPO-inhibitor susceptible [2AGP-S]) with soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]; and (2) the density-dependent response of eachA. tuberculatuspopulation within a constant soybean population in a greenhouse environment.Amaranthus tuberculatuscompetitiveness with soybean was evaluated across five target weed densities of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 plants pot−1(equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80, and 160 plants m−2) with 3 soybean plants pot−1(equivalent to 300,000 plants ha−1). At the R1 soybean harvest time, no difference in soybean biomass was observed acrossA. tuberculatuspopulations. AtA. tuberculatusdensities <8 plants pot−1, the 2AGP-S population had the greatest biomass and stem diameter per plant. At the R7 harvest time, the 2AGP-S population caused the greatest loss in soybean biomass and number of pods compared with the other populations at densities of <16 plants pot−1. The 2AGP-S population had greater early-season biomass accumulation and stem diameter compared with the otherA. tuberculatuspopulations, which resulted in greater late-season reduction in soybean biomass and number of pods. This research indicates there may be evidence of interspecific competitive fitness cost associated with the evolution of 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, and PPO-inhibitor resistance inA. tuberculatus. Focus should be placed on effectively using cultural weed management practices to enhance crop competitiveness, especially early in the season, to increase suppression of herbicide-resistantA. tuberculatus.

scholarly journals Efeitos do controle de plantas daninhas, com herbicidas, na produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
J.F. Silva ◽  
L.M. da Costa ◽  
C.M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas, na produção e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L. 'Tatu'), foi instalado um experimento no campo, em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo Câmbico, fase terraço, com 2,8% de matéria orgânica e textura argilosa. Usaram-se os tratamentos: testemunha com capina, testemunha sem capina, trifuralin a 0,58 kg do i.a./ha; vernolate a 3,6 kg do i.a./ha; nitralin a 0,75 kg do i.a./ha; fluorodifen a 0,9 kg do i.a./ha e pendimethalin a 1,5 kg do i.a./ha. Avaliaram-se a população inicial, a produção de sementes, produção de casca, o amendoim com casca, e o número de plantas daninhas. Realizaram-se também, testes de avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de amendoim, os quais foram constituídos pelo teste-padrão de germinação após 20, 40 e 80 horas de permanência das sementes na câmara de envelhecimento precoce, que estava regulada para funcionar a 42°± 3°C e 95% de umidade relativa. No campo observou-se predominância de trevo (Oxalis sp), picão-branco (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). Trifuralin, fluorodifen e pendimenthalin fo-ram os herbicidas da maior eficiência no controle do trevo, enquanto para tiririca o tratamento com nitralin não diferiu da testemunha capinada, e para o picão-branco, o tratamento com pendimethalin controlou totalmente esta planta daninha. Para a produção de sementes de amendoim, não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos. A produção de casca e a produção de amendoim com casca, o tratamento com fluorodifen diferiu apenas da testemunha sem capina, suplantando-a. A ocorrência de patógenos nas sementes da testemunha sem capina, e o herbicida nitralin prejudicaram a germinação das sementes. O tratamento das sementes de amendoim na câmara de envelhecimento precoce, pelo período de 20 horas, promoveu nas sement es do tratamento testemunha sem capina e do tratamento com trifl uralin, deteriorização precoce. Para o período de permanência de 40 horas, na câmara de envelhecimento precoce os tratamentos testemunha com capina e fluorodifen não foram envelhecidos precocemente.

scholarly journals Studies on weed cover and diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as influenced by weed management and balanced fertilization techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Nagar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Chenopodium Murale ◽  
Balanced Fertilization ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted to analyze the types of flora, intensity, cover and effects on yields of coriander. Pooled analysis of data indicated that Goose foot (Chenopodium murale L.), Corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) among dicots and Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) among monocots were found most dominant weeds at all stages of crop growth. Of the total eight weed species reported dicot weeds were found most dominating weed species and comprises 78-80 percent of total weed density throughout crop cycle. All weed management practices significantly reduced the density of monocot and dicot weeds and improved the yield (seed and biological yield) of crop as compared to control. Two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS resulted in maximum reduction in total weed density and gave the highest seed (15.84 q/ha) and biological yield (41.11 q/ha) of coriander. However, seed and biological yields was obtained at par by pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. This treatment also resulted in favorably lowest weed competition index as compared to rest of other practices. Balanced fertilization with N+P+K+S also improved monocot and dicot weed density but the effect was not significant over N+P and N+P+K fertilization. N+P+K+S fertilization significantly enhanced crop seed and biological yields over N+P (1.86 q/ha and 4.36 q/ha, respectively) and N+P+K application (0.94 q/ha and 2.20 q/ha, respectively). Weed management and balanced fertilization practices also found to have significant interaction effect on seed and biological yield of coriander.

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