scholarly journals Relationship between sarcopenic obesity or sarcopenia and insulin resistance or functional disability

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Araki ◽  
Zhou Heying ◽  
Seijiro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity

scholarly journals Obesity Measures and Definitions of Sarcopenic Obesity in Singaporean Adults – the Yishun Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Wei Jun Pang ◽  
Shiou Liang Wee ◽  
Lay Khoon Lau ◽  
Khalid Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Wei Ting Seah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Healthy Community

Abstract Background: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its effect on functional disability is of particular concern. Due to the lack of a uniform obesity definition, there is marked variability in reported SO prevalence and inconsistent data on observed adverse health outcomes.Objectives: We compare SO prevalence and the associations of SO with physical function using sarcopenia according to current AWGS guidelines with different obesity measures. We recommend that the most optimal SO diagnostic formulation would be one that is most significantly associated with reduced physical function.Design: 542 healthy, community-dwelling Singaporeans were recruited (21-90 years old, 57.9% women). We assessed anthropometry, body composition, and questionnaire-based physical and cognitive factors, and estimated SO prevalence with obesity defined according to waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass/fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM). Muscle function was compared among phenotypes and obesity definitions using ANOVA. Differences across obesity measures were further ascertained using multiple linear regressions to determine their associations with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).Results: Overall prevalence of SO was 7.6% (WC-based), 5.1% (PBF-based), 2.7% (FMI-based), and 1.5% (FM/FFM-based). The SO phenotype consistently performed poorer than the obese group (p<.05) except for FM/FFM-based measure, and performed poorer than the sarcopenic group in SPPB (p<.05) only in the PBF and FMI-based measures. SO was significantly associated with SPPB only in the FMI and FM/FFM models (p<.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest FMI as the most preferred measure for obesity and support its use as a diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-hyeon Hong ◽  
Kyung Mook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing worldwide, particularly amongst aging populations. Insulin resistance is the core mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and is also associated with variable cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fat accumulation in muscle tissue promotes a proinflammatory cascade and oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired insulin signaling, and muscle atrophy. To compound the problem, decreased muscle mass aggravates insulin resistance. In addition, the crosstalk between myokines and adipokines leads to negative feedback, which in turn aggravates sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms linking sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance with various biological pathways. We also discuss the impact and mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance on cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in drug naive patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-570
Author(s):  
Smiljana Kostic ◽  
Ivana Kolic ◽  
Ranko Raicevic ◽  
Zvezdana Stojanovic ◽  
Dejan Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Healthy Controls

Background/Aim. Due to the fact that there is a relatively small number of data related to systemic insulin abnormalities in the multiple sclerosis (MS), the main objective of our study was to determine whether a dysbalance of glucose and insulin metabolism exist in patients with natural course of MS. Our hypothesis was that the metabolic disorder that characterizes state of the insulin resistance (IR) and reduced insulin sensitivity (IS) in untreated patients with MS could play a role in disease progression and degree of functional disability. Methods. The study included 31 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS and 14 healthy controls from the same geographic area matched by age, ethnicity and number of smokers. The glucose tolerance, IS, and IR were examined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and using basal plasma glucose and insulin levels. The functional disability and disease progression were evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). Results. The MS patients tolerated glucose equally well as the healthy controls. Basal concentrations of insulin were significantly higher in the MS group (p < 0.05), as well as insulin plasma level 30 min after oral glucose load (p < 0.01). The patients with MS had significantly higher values of homeostasis model assessment indexes of IR (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.027; p = 0.028). The percentage of IS (HOMA2 %S) and whole body IS index (ISI Matsuda) showed significantly lower values in the MS patients than in the controls (p = 0.005; p = 0.001). The insulinogenic index in the first 30 min of OGTT was significantly higher in MS patients (p = 0.005). The measures of functional disability and MS progression did not correlate significantly with the investigated parameters of IR and IS indexes. Conclusion. This study demonstrates for the first time the existence of hyperinsulinemia, reduced insulin sensitivity and normal glucose tolerance that indicate the initial phase of IR in the natural course of MS. Additional research is necessary in order to define the mechanisms of occurrence and the impact of IR on the complex pathophysiological processes in MS.

scholarly journals Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6887
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Ryu ◽  
Hyung Muk Choi ◽  
Hyung-In Yang ◽  
Kyoung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Mechanism

Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome–muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.

Sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance: Application of novel body composition models

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75-76 ◽  
pp. 110765
Author(s):  
Eleonora Poggiogalle ◽  
Inês Mendes ◽  
Brennick Ong ◽  
Carla M. Prado ◽  
Gabriele Mocciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity
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