scholarly journals Effect of three organic fertilizers treatments on sensory evaluations of baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Parwada ◽  
V. Chigiya ◽  
W. Ngezimana ◽  
J. Chipomho
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Sensory Evaluations ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Sources of fertilizer are one of the major factors influencing baby spinach leaf texture, sweetness, bitterness and after-taste. However, the effects of fertilizer sources on baby spinach growth performance and consumer preferences are not known. A survey was carried out at the Seke Teachers’ College (SKC) community, Zimbabwe to determine the consumer preferences on the baby spinach grown on the organic fertilizer (cattle, poultry and goat manures) as well as on control inorganic  fertilizers (7% N, 14% P, 7% K). The study used 32 females and 30 males as panellists for sensory evaluations. Organoleptic tests were performed for the baby spinach leaves using a panel of 62 testers. An interval line scale (16 cm long) was used to measure the liking for sweetness, colour, bitterness and after-taste. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to decide the overall preferences. Organoleptic tests showed significant differences (P<0.05) in appearance and taste between the inorganic and organic fertilizers used. The baby spinach leaves grown on organic fertilizers was preferred more compared to that grown on inorganic fertilizer (control). Therefore, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers in baby spinach production in order to satisfy consumer preferences.

Characterization of Multiple Acid Phosphatases in Salt-Stressed Spinach Leaves

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Pan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Incremental salt stress brought about a clear enhancement of the activity of acid phosphatases in hydroponically grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of the enzyme fraction revealed multiple forms of acid phosphatases of high (300 000), intermediate (100 000), and low (35 000) molecular weight in control and salt-stressed spinach leaves. A similar zymogram of acid phosphatases, showing at least six bands in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, was observed for control and stressed leaves. However, promotive effects of incremental salt stress on the activity of acid phosphatases were more pronounced in high molecular weight acid phosphatases. Substrate specificity and differential effects of some ions on the multiple acid phosphatases were also examined for control and salt-stressed leaves.

scholarly journals Response of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to Photoselective Nettings on Growth and Postharvest Quality

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambani R. Mudau ◽  
Puffy Soundy ◽  
Fhatuwani N. Mudau
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Manipulation of microenvironments by means of photoselective nettings is widely used to improve the productivity and quality of high-value vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of photoselective nettings on growth, productivity, and postharvest quality attributes of baby spinach. Baby spinach cv. Ohio was grown from seeds, and the trial was repeated. Plants were planted in an open field (control) and under closed nets, viz., black, pearl, yellow, and red nets. At harvest, baby spinach leaves were subjected to 4, 10, and 20 °C storage temperatures for 12 days. Crops grown under black nets and stored at 4 °C retained higher level of antioxidant activity (0.23 g·kg−1), whereas the least level of antioxidant activity was observed in baby spinach grown under red and yellow shade nets (0.01 g·kg−1). Similar trend was evident with flavonoid content where baby spinach leaves grown under black nets maintained high level of flavonoids at 4, 10, and 20 °C during storage period compared with other shade nets and the control. The study control showed a better potential in retaining antioxidant activity over red and yellow shade nets. Results showed that black shade nettings have the potential to reduce water loss, decay incidents, and maintain flavonoid content and antioxidant activity followed by pearl and yellow nets.

Photosynthetic function, lipid peroxidation, and α-tocopherol content in spinach leaves during exposure to UV-B radiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. DeLong ◽  
K. L. Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Lipid Matrix ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. 'Meridian') plants were irradiated for 9 h d−1 for 12 d with ultra-violet-B (UV-B) radiation [13.5 kJ m−2 d−1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation (UV-BBE) + 350 µmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)] or PAR (350 µmol m−2 s−1) to determine if incipient UV-B-induced inhibition of photosynthetic function occurred in photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centers or in the lipid matrix of thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll concentrations (leaf area basis) in UV-B-irradiated spinach leaves were significantly lower than in PAR plants after 4, 8 and 12 d of exposure. A significant UV-B-induced rise in initial fluorescence (Fo) at days 8 and 10 was accompanied by a decline in the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) ratio, indicating a reduction in the efficiency of PS2 energy harvesting and trapping. When based upon the chlorophyll content of thylakoid membranes, UV-B radiation did not alter lipid per-oxidation but did increase α-tocopherol content compared with the PAR treatment during the first 8 of the 12 exposure days. These data suggest that incipient UV-B damage to the photochemical apparatus did not occur in PS2 reaction center complexes nor in the lipid matrix of the thylakoid membranes. Photosynthetic function was more susceptible to UV-B-induced impairment than thylakoid membrane lipids were to UV-B radiation damage. Key words: ultra-violet-B radiation, chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol

Consequences of salt stress on conductance to CO2 diffusion, Rubisco characteristics and anatomy of spinach leaves

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Delfine ◽  
Arturo Alvino ◽  
Massimo Zacchini ◽  
Francesco Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Mesophyll Structure ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves stressed by irrigation with water containing 1% (w/v) NaCl for 20 days had low conductance to CO2 diffusion both at the stomata and in the mesophyll. Mesophyll anatomy changed in salt-stressed leaves, which could have accounted for the decreased mesophyll conductance. Ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in vitro activity and content were not affected by up to 20 days exposure to salinity but decreased when leaves were exposed to salt stress for longer than 20 days. Salt accumulation also caused a drop of Ca and Mg which might have decreased membrane stability and chlorophyll content, respectively. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that the 20-day-long salt stress did not directly affect photochemistry. We conclude that salinity reduces photosynthesis primarily by reducing the diffusion of CO2 to the chloroplast, both by stomatal closure and by changes in mesophyll structure which decreases the conductance to CO2 diffusion within the leaf. The capacity for carbon metabolism is eventually reduced but that occurs after substantial decreases in the conductance to CO2 diffusion.

scholarly journals The effect of cultivar type, time of cultivation, and biostimulant treatment on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Renata Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
The University ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of spraying with Aminoplant on the yield of two spinach cultivars in the spring and autumn cultivations. The experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland. Three factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: ‘Rembrandt F1’ and ‘Spiros F1’; (2) time of cultivation: spring and autumn; (3) dose of Aminoplant: control (without Aminoplant), 1.5 dm3 ha-1 and 3.0 dm3 ha-1. The spinach yield was dependent on the time of production and cultivar type, and ranged between 18.6-44.8 t ha-1. Both cultivars yielded better in autumn cultivation. Spraying with Aminoplant had no effect on spinach yield. Dry matter content in spinach leaves was between 6.3-11.2 g 100 g-1. Spinach grown in the autumn had a greater content of dry matter in comparison to the spring cultivation. In 2009, ‘Rembrant F1’ was characterized by greater dry matter content than ‘Spiros F1’. Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3 ha-1 lowered dry matter content in spinach leaves as compared to the control. The nitrate content in spinach was differentiated (558-3506 mg NO3 kg-1 f.m.) and depended on the time of cultivation, the cultivar, and the Aminoplant dose.

scholarly journals First reported quantitative microbiota in different livestock manures used as organic fertilizers in the Northeast of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lampet Wongsaroj ◽  
Ratmanee Chanabun ◽  
Naruemon Tunsakul ◽  
Pinidphon Prombutara ◽  
Somsak Panha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Local Farmers

AbstractNortheastern Thailand relies on agriculture as a major economic activity, and has used high levels of agrochemicals due to low facility, and salty sandy soil. To support soil recovery and sustainable agriculture, local farmers have used organic fertilizers from farmed animal feces. However, knowledge about these animal fecal manures remains minimal restricting their optimal use. Specifically, while bacteria are important for soil and plant growth, an abundance and a diversity of bacterial composition in these animal fecal manures have not been reported to allow selection and adjustment for a more effective organic fertilizer. This study thereby utilized metagenomics combined with 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequencing to analyze quantitative microbiota profiles in association with nutrients (N, P, K), organic matters, and the other physiochemical properties, of the commonly used earthworm manure and other manures from livestock animals (including breed and feeding diet variations) in the region. Unlike the other manures, the earthworm manure demonstrated more favorable nutrient profiles and physiochemical properties for forming fertile soil. Despite low total microbial biomass, the microbiota were enriched with maximal OTUs and Chao richness, and no plant pathogenic bacteria were found based on the VFDB database. The microbial metabolic potentials supported functions to promote crop growth, such as C, N and P cyclings, xenobiotic degradation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds. Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that the quantitative microbiota of the earthworm manure were clustered in the same direction as N, and conductivity, salinity, and water content were essential to control the microbiota of animal manures.

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