scholarly journals Connection of fertilization conditions of sour cherry and meteorological parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. C. Dussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Our analyses showed that the degree of free fertilization is mostly influenced by maximum temperature and sunshine duration.We found that free fertilization ratio increases with higher daily maximum temperatures; similar results characterise sunshine duration as well, namely we observed higher free fertilization ratio at higher sunshine duration values. Total amount of precipitation during the period between blossoming and maturity and the difference between the average daytime and night temperatures have an important role in the tendency of maturity time. Photosynthesis and respiration are essentially significant in the development of biological systems. These two processes are mostly regulated by the daytime and night temperatures. Therefore, it is not surprising that if the difference between daytime and night temperatures is large, it means intensive photosynthesis and a low degree of respiratory loss. Under these conditions intensive development and ripening can take place; however, in case of a low temperature difference intensive respiration slows down the process of development. Duration of ripening is also significantly influenced by the amount of precipitation of the period between blossoming and maturity.Abundant precipitation slows down the process of ripening, while dry weather accelerates it. Self-fertilization takes place in a space isolated from the environment. In spite of that, we found that effectiveness of self-pollination significantly depends on the meteorological conditions. Degree of self-fertilization is influenced directly by temperature and indirectly by other climatic parameters. We found a significant connection between the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during blossoming and the ratio of self-fertilization. Increase of maximum temperature reduces the effectiveness of self-pollination.A 1 °C increase of maximum temperature reduces self-fertilization ratio by 0,6%. In the case of minimum temperature we can state that the morning minimum temperature of 7,5–8,5°C is the most favourable. If minimum temperatures are under 4 °C or above 12 °C, self-fertilization ratio reduces to the quarter of the value characteristic at 8 °C. We believe that the effectiveness of self-fertilization can be improved considerably by the rational placement of isolator bags within the crown area, avoiding their placement to the external, western crown surface.

Extreme temperatures analysis: A study for Campinas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Correia ◽  
Ana Maria Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

<p>Extreme events such as heat waves have adverse effects on human health, especially on vulnerable groups, which can lead to deaths, thus they must be faced as a huge threat. Many studies show general mean temperature increase, notably, minimum temperatures. The scope of this work was to assess daily data of a historical series (1890-2018) available on the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), in Campinas, using a suite of indices derived from daily temperature and formulated by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) and evaluate trends. To compute the extreme indices RClimDex 1.1 was used. The significance test is based on a t  test, with a significance level of 95% (p-value<0,05). Temperature increase is undoubtedly through many indices, especially from 1980, as there is a continuous rise of the temperature. Annual mean maximum temperature rose from 26°C to 29°C, whereas many years consistently have more than 50 days with maximum temperatures as high as 31°C and more than 20% of the days within a year are beyond the 90th percentile of the daily maximum temperatures. Annual mean minimum temperature rose from 14°C to 18°C, whereas many years consistently have more than 150 days with minimum temperatures as high as 18°C and more than 30% of the days within a year are beyond the 90th percentile of the daily minimum temperatures. Therefore, results indicate the increase of minimum temperature is greater than the increase of maximum temperatures.</p>

scholarly journals Relation of sour cherry blooming dynamics and meteorological variables

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Start Date ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The aim of our research was to identify the role of weather parameters in the development of the start date and length of blooming. In order to achieve this, we examined how meteorological conditions of a particular year influence the start date and length of blooming in different years (dry, wet, cool, hot, sunny, cloudy). The meteorological parameters were the following: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, precipitation, length of sunlight, difference of daytime and nightime temperatures, potential evaporation-PET, Huglin-index,Winkler-index, climatic water balance which can be calculated as a difference of precipitation and potential evaporation. In this study we wanted to find out whether early start of blooming results in a longer blooming period or if there is a generally faster blooming period when blooming starts later. Based on the results we can say that early start of blooming resulted in extended blooming period for three sour cherry varieties at the examined production sites. The start of blooming showed the closest relation with the difference of average daytime and nightime temperatures of the 30-day period prior to blooming. Significant relation was also detected with the thermic indexes as well as with maximum temperatures, climatic water balance and the degree of potential evaporation.We examined how weather 30 days prior and during blooming influenced the length of phases. Results showed that precipitation prior and during blooming is in significant relation with the length of blooming. We detected significant relation between daytime and nightime temperature differences and the length of blooming. The nature of the relation indicates that blooming periods were shorter in case of increasing temperature differences.We found that shorter blooming lengths occurred when maximum temperatures averaged between 13.5–14.5 ºC 30 days prior to blooming when examining the relation between blooming length and maximum temperature. If the average of maximum temperatures was below 13 ºC or exceeded 15 ºC during this period, then we could calculate with a blooming period longer than ten days. We proved that little precipitation and high temperature accelerates physiological processes, therefore we could calculate with an accelerated blooming and shorter blooming period.

scholarly journals Impact of Aligning Climatological Day on Gridding Daily Maximum–Minimum Temperature and Precipitation over Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1654-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron F. Hopkinson ◽  
Daniel W. McKenney ◽  
Ewa J. Milewska ◽  
Michael F. Hutchinson ◽  
Pia Papadopol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
National University ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

AbstractOn 1 July 1961, the climatological day was redefined to end at 0600 UTC at all principal climate stations in Canada. Prior to that, the climatological day at principal stations ended at 1200 UTC for maximum temperature and precipitation and 0000 UTC for minimum temperature and was similar to the climatological day at ordinary stations. Hutchinson et al. reported occasional larger-than-expected residuals at 50 withheld stations when the Australian National University Spline (ANUSPLIN) interpolation scheme was applied to daily data for 1961–2003, and it was suggested that these larger residuals were in part due to the existence of different climatological days. In this study, daily minimum and maximum temperatures at principal stations were estimated using hourly temperatures for the same climatological day as local ordinary climate stations for the period 1953–2007. Daily precipitation was estimated at principal stations using synoptic precipitation data for the climatological day ending at 1200 UTC, which, for much of the country, was close to the time of the morning observation at ordinary climate stations. At withheld principal stations, the climatological-day adjustments led to the virtual elimination of large residuals in maximum and minimum temperature and a marked reduction in precipitation residuals. Across all 50 withheld stations the climatological day adjustments led to significant reductions, by around 12% for daily maximum temperature, 15% for daily minimum temperature, and 22% for precipitation, in the residuals reported by Hutchinson et al.

scholarly journals Bias in Minimum Temperature Introduced by a Redefinition of the Climatological Day at the Canadian Synoptic Stations

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2160-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie A. Vincent ◽  
Ewa J. Milewska ◽  
Ron Hopkinson ◽  
Leslie Malone
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
The West ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract On 1 July 1961, the climatological day was redefined to end at 0600 UTC (coordinated universal time) at all synoptic (airport) stations in Canada. Prior to that, the climatological day ended at 1200 UTC for maximum temperature and 0000 UTC for minimum temperature. This study shows that the redefinition of the climatological day in 1961 has created a cold bias in the annual and seasonal means of daily minimum temperatures across the country while the means of daily maximum temperatures were not affected. Hourly temperatures taken at 121 stations for 1953–2007 are used to determine the magnitude of the bias and its spatial variation. It was found that the bias is more pronounced in the eastern regions; its annual mean varies from −0.2° in the west to −0.8°C in the east. Not all days are affected by this change in observing time, and the annual percentage of affected days ranges from 15% for locations in the west to 38% for locations in the east. An approach based on hourly values is proposed for adjusting the affected daily minimum temperatures over 1961–2007. The adjustment on any individual day varies from 0.5° to 12.5°C. The impact of the adjustment is assessed by examining the trends in the annual mean of the daily minimum temperatures for 1950–2007. Overall, with the adjustment, the trends are becoming either more positive or are reversing from negative to positive, and they have changed by as much as 1°C in numerous locations in the eastern regions.

scholarly journals Effects of Cropland Expansion on Temperature Extremes in Western India from 1982 to 2015

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Jinxiu Liu ◽  
Weihao Shen ◽  
Yaqian He
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Western India

India has experienced extensive land cover and land use change (LCLUC). However, there is still limited empirical research regarding the impact of LCLUC on climate extremes in India. Here, we applied statistical methods to assess how cropland expansion has influenced temperature extremes in India from 1982 to 2015 using a new land cover and land use dataset and ECMWF Reanalysis V5 (ERA5) climate data. Our results show that during the last 34 years, croplands in western India increased by ~33.7 percentage points. This cropland expansion shows a significantly negative impact on the maxima of daily maximum temperature (TXx), while its impacts on the maxima of daily minimum temperature and the minima of daily maximum and minimum temperature are limited. It is estimated that if cropland expansion had not taken place in western India over the 1982 to 2015 period, TXx would likely have increased by 0.74 (±0.64) °C. The negative impact of croplands on reducing the TXx extreme is likely due to evaporative cooling from intensified evapotranspiration associated with croplands, resulting in increased latent heat flux and decreased sensible heat flux. This study underscores the important influences of cropland expansion on temperature extremes and can be applicable to other geographic regions experiencing LCLUC.

scholarly journals Vulnérabilité Future Des Systèmes De Productions Agricoles Face Aux Changements Climatiques Dans Le 4ème PDA : Cas Des Communes De Djidja Et De Djougou

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
AWO Sourou Malikiyou ◽  
ALE Agbachi Georges ◽  
YABI Ibouraïma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Current Minimum ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Changements Climatiques

La variabilité climatique dans les communes de Djidja et de Djougou engendre des conséquences aussi bien sur les niveaux de productivités, de production que sur les revenus des exploitants agricoles. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier la vulnérabilité future des systèmes de productions agricoles face aux changements climatiques dans les Communes de Djidja et de Djougou.L’approche méthodologique utilisée comprend la collecte des données, leur traitement et l’analyse des résultats. Les enquêtes ont été faites dans les villages choisis sur la base de critères bien définis (la taille de la population agricole et son implication dans la production agricole). La méthode de D. Schwartz (1995, p. 94) a permis de constituer l’échantillon de 377 producteurs. Enfin, une projection climatique sur la période 2019-2050/2075 est faite au moyen du logiciel climatique « Climate explorer ».Il ressort des résultats de l’étude que, dans la commune de Djougou, la variation au niveau de la température minimale actuelle (RCP8.5) est comprise entre -1,62°C en 1992 et 2,29°C en 2075. La température maximale quant à elle varie entre -1,40°C en 1994 à 2,18°C en 2075. C’est à partir de 2071 que l’augmentation de la température minimale va dépasser les 2°C et si rien n’est fait cette hausse va s’accroître et devenir permanente. De même, dans la commune de Djidja, la température minimale la plus élevée est observée en 2075 avec des variations de 1 à 2°C pour les RCP4.5 et RCP8.5. Au niveau de la température maximale, l’année la moins chaude est 1992 (-1,33mm/jour) pour RCP8.5 et 1991 (-1,02mm/jour) pour RCP4.5. La même évolution s’observe au niveau des températures maximales. L’année 1992 reste la plus déficitaire avec une chute de -1,60°C et l’année la plus excédentaire sera l’année 2075 avec une hausse de 2,18 mm par jour, sur la période 1992-2080. La corrélation est observée en 2042 avec une valeur de 0,322 mm par jour. L’examen des résultats révèle que les valeurs des paramètres climatiques à savoir précipitations et évaporation sont à la hausse sur la période 1980-2080 dans la commune de Djidja. Suivant la trajectoire actuelle, RCP8.5, les années les plus arrosées sont 2037, 2070 et 2073 avec respectivement des variations égales à 0,17mm et 0,27mm de pluie par jour. Face à ces difficultés, les populations agricoles adoptent des mesures pour contrer les contraintes climatiques.ABSTRACTClimatic variability in the communes of Djidja and Djougou has consequences both on the levels of productivity and production and on the income of farmers. The objective of this research is to study the vulnerability of agricultural production systems to climate change in the Communes of Djidja and Djougou.The methodological approach used includes data collection, processing and analysis of the results. The surveys were carried out in the villages chosen on the basis of well-defined criteria (the size of the agricultural population and its involvement in agricultural production). The method of D. Schwartz (1995, p. 94) made it possible to constitute the sample of 377 producers. Finally, a climate projection over the period 2019-2050 / 2075 is made using the climate software "Climate explorer".The results of the study show that, in the municipality of Djougou, the variation in the current minimum temperature (RCP8.5) is between -1.62 ° C in 1992 and 2.29 ° C in 2075. The maximum temperature varies between -1.40 ° C in 1994 to 2.18 ° C in 2075. It is from 2071 that the increase in the minimum temperature will exceed 2 ° C and if nothing is In fact, this increase will increase and become permanent. Similarly, in the municipality of Djidja, the highest minimum temperature is observed in 2075 withvariations of 1 to 2 ° C for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. At maximum temperature, the coolest year is 1992 (-1.33mm / day) for RCP8.5 and 1991 (-1.02mm / day) for RCP4.5. The same development can be observed at the level of maximum temperatures. The year 1992 remains the most in deficit with a fall of -1.60 ° C and the year the most in surplus will be the year 2075 with an increase of 2.18mm per day, over the period 1992-2080. The correlation is observed in 2042 with a value of 0.322 mm per day. Examination of the results reveals that the values of climatic parameters, namely precipitation and evaporation, are on the rise over the period 1980-2080 in the municipality of Djidja. Following the current trajectory, RCP8.5, the wettest years are 2037, 2070 and 2073 with respectively variations equal to 0.17mm and 0.27mm of rain per day. Faced with these difficulties, agricultural populations are adopting measures to counter climatic constraints. Keywords: Djidja, Djougou, vulnerability, production system, agriculture, climate change.

scholarly journals Use of Weather Variables to Quantify Sorghum Ergot Potential in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. McLaren ◽  
B. C. Flett
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Breakdown Point ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Study Results

Quantification of resistance to ergot requires that the observed ergot severity within a sorghum line be compared with expected ergot severity (ergot potential) to compensate for differences in environmental favorability for the disease among flowering dates and seasons. The ergot potential required to induce the onset of disease is referred to as the ergot breakdown point of that line. In earlier studies, the ergot potential of a specific flowering date was defined as the mean ergot severity in all sorghum heads over all lines in the nursery which commenced flowering on that date in a genetically broad-based sorghum nursery. In this study, results of field trials enabled accurate prediction of ergot potential by using a multiple regression analysis which included three weather variables—namely, pre-flowering minimum temperature (mean of days 23 to 27 pre-flowering), mean daily maximum temperature, and mean daily maximum relative humidity (mean of days 1 to 5 post-flowering; R2 = 0.90; P = 0.91E-5). Evaluation of predicted and observed ergot severity in an independent data set gave an index of agreement of d = 0.94 and R2 = 0.84 (P = 0.106E-4), showing that ergot severity, assuming the presence of viable inoculum, can be accurately predicted. Low pre-flowering minimum temperature was associated with reduced pollen viability, which appeared to be the primary factor predisposing lines to ergot.

scholarly journals Does an August Singularity Exist in the Northern Rockies of the United States?

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1850
Author(s):  
Peter T. Soulé ◽  
Paul A. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Northern Rockies ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Time Of Year

Abstract Climatic singularities offer a degree of orderliness to notable meteorological events that are typically characterized by significant temporal variability. Significant deviations from normal daily maximum temperatures that occur following the passage of a strong midlatitude cyclone in mid- to late August in the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States are recognized in the local culture as the “August Singularity.” Daily standardized maximum temperature anomalies for August–October were examined for eight climate stations in Montana and Idaho as indicators of major midlatitude storms. The data indicate that a single-day negative maximum temperature singularity exists for 13 August. Further, a 3-day singularity event exists for 24–26 August. It is concluded that the concept of an August Singularity in the northern Rockies is valid, because the high frequency of recorded negative maximum temperature anomalies suggests that there are specific time intervals during late summer that are more likely to experience a major midlatitude storm. The principal benefit to society for the August Singularity is that the reduced temperatures help in the efforts to control wildfires that are common this time of year in the northern Rockies.

scholarly journals Plant Hardiness Zone Map in Korea and an Analysis of the Distribution of Evergreen Trees in Zone 7b

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-527
Author(s):  
Jung Nam Suh ◽  
Yun-Im Kang ◽  
Youn Jung Choi ◽  
Kyung Hye Seo ◽  
Yong Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Meteorological Observation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extreme Minimum Temperature ◽  
Data Portal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Background and objective: This study was conducted to establish a Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) map, investigate the effect of global warming on changes in PHZ, and elucidate the difference in the distribution of evergreen trees between the central and southern region within hardiness Zone 7b in Korea. Methods: Mean annual extreme minimum temperature (EMT) and related temperature fluctuation data for 40 years (1981 to 2020) in each of the meteorological observation points were extracted from the Open MET Data Portal of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using EMT data from 60 meteorological observation points, PHZs were classified according to temperature range in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Changes in PHZs for each decade related to the effects of global warming were analyzed. Temperature fluctuation before and after the day of EMT were analyzed for 4 areas of Seoul, Suwon, Suncheon, and Jinju falling under Zone 7b. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were performed using the IBM SPSS 22 Statistics software package. Results: Plant hardiness zones in Korea ranged from 6a to 9b. Over four decades, changes to warmer PHZ occurred in 10 areas, especially in colder ones. Based on the analysis of daily temperature fluctuation, the duration of sub-zero temperatures was at least 2 days in Seoul and Suwon, while daily maximum temperatures were above zero in Suncheon and Jinju before and after EMT day. Conclusion: It was found that the duration of sub-zero temperatures in a given area is an important factor affecting the distribution of evergreen trees in PHZ 7b.

scholarly journals El polen de Poaceae en la atmósfera de Lugo y su relación con los parámetros meteorológicos (1999-2001).

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
M. Victoria Jato ◽  
M. Jesús Aira
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Main Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Poaceae Pollen ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
The City

RESUMEN. El polen de Poaceae en la atmósfera de Lugo y su relación con los parámetros meteorológicos (1999-2001). Se han estudiado las concentraciones de polen de Poaceae presente en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Lugo durante 3 años (1999-2001). Para ello se ha utilizado un captador volumétrico tipo Hirst, modelo Lanzoni VPPS-2000. El polen de Poaceae es el más abundante y su porcentaje frente al total de polen anual es de un 38-40%. La cantidad total de polen anual es de 8.400 granos como resultado de la media de los tres años de estudio, con un período de polinización durante los meses de Junio y Julio. A lo largo del día los máximos de concentración tienen lugar durante la tarde. Se ha realizado un análisis de correlación con los principales parámetros meteorológicos, siendo la temperatura máxima la variable que presentó el coeficiente más elevado. La suma acumulada de la temperatura máxima y la regresión múltiple integrando la temperatura máxima y las concentraciones de polen del día anterior como estimadores, resultaron métodos válidos y complementarios para realizar la predicción del inicio del periodo de polinización y de las concentraciones medias diarias que se alcanzan durante el periodo de polinización principal respectivamente.Palabras clave. Polen, Lugo, Meteorología, Predicción, lntradiario, Poaceae.ABSTRACT. The Poaceae pollen in the atmosphere of Lugo and its relationship with meteorological parameters ( 1999-2001). The pollen concentrations of Poaceae in the atmosphere of the city of Lugo has been studied during 3 years (1999-2001). A volumetric sampler type Hirst, model Lanzoni VPPS-2000 has been used. The Poaceae pollen is the most abundant and its percentage with respect to the total annual pollen ranged from 38-40 %. The annual total quantity of pollen of Poaceae were 8.400 grains as average of the three years studied, with a period of pollination during the months of June and July. The daily maximum concentrations take place during the evening. An analysis of correlation has been carried out between pollen concentrations and the main meteorological parameters, the maximum temperature being the variable that presented the highest coefficient value. The sum of maximum temperatures and the multiple regression integrating maximum temperature and pollen concentrations of the previous day as predictors, were successful and complementary methods in order to predict the beginning of the pollination period and the daily mean concentrations reached during the main pollen season respectively.Key words. Pollen, Lugo, Meteorology, Prediction, Intradiurnal, Poaceae.

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