scholarly journals The effect of pre-fruiting temperatures on the yield of Pleurotus strains

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Somosné Nagy ◽  
A. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Body Appearance ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures

Authors studied the effect of different temperatures prior to fruit body appearance on the yield of 3 Pleurotus strains P70, HK35 and 357. After 17 days of incubation at 25 °C and 28 °C the substrate blocks were kept for 7 days at 13, 16, 19, 22 and 25 °C. Then temperature was reduces to 16 °C during harvest time. Tests showed difference of some degrees in the optimal prefruiting temperature requirements of the strains which could result in even in 10-15% surplus yield. It is advisable to use technologies specially adapted to strains.

Moisture and temperature requirements in faeces for the development of free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, cattle and deer

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Rossanigo ◽  
L. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cooperia Oncophora ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractIsolates from eight gastrointestinal nematode species parasitic in sheep, cattle and deer were maintained in sheep, to provide eggs in similar faecal environments and to compare temperature and moisture requirements for their development. Faecal cultures were processed at different temperatures (for four species) and moisture contents (for eight species). At 60% of faecal moisture content (FMC), maximal rates of development (expressed as L3/100 hatchable eggs estimated by an extraction technique from the faeves) were observed at 20, 23 and 28°C respectively for Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcinctaand Trichostrongylus colunriformis. For the eight species, the curves of development rates as functions of FMC were Gaussian, without modification between 18 and 28°C. Optimal developments were when the FMC ranged from 57 to 68%; low development of 1L3/100eggs were observed when the FMC ranged from 85 to 95% and from 25 to 55%. The main differences between species were in the ability of the eggs of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. vitrinusand Chabertia ovina to develop at lower FMC than Haemonchus contortus, O. ostertagi, O. legptospicularis and Cooperia oncophora.

scholarly journals Seed colour affects light and temperature requirements during germination in two Lotus species (Fabaceae) of the Arabian subtropical deserts

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Sanjay Gairola ◽  
Ali A. El-Keblawy
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Desert Environment ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures

<p>The effect of seed colour on germination behavior and both light and temperature requirements was assessed in <em>Lotus glinoides </em>and <em>Lotus </em><em>halophilus</em> (Fabaceae) from the hyper-arid deserts of the United Arab Emirates. Germination was assessed in term of both final germination level (percentage) and germination rate, as expressed by Timson’s germination velocity index. <em>Lotus glinoides</em> produces black and yellow-colored seeds and <em>L. halophilus</em> produces green and yellow seeds. Different seed lots were germinated in both light and darkness at different temperatures. Yellow seeds of the two species attained significantly lower germination, compared to black and green seeds. There was no specific light or temperature requirements for the germination of the two coloured seeds of <em>L. glinoides</em>; the effect of interactions between seed colour and both light and temperature of incubation on final germination percentage were not significant. In <em>L. halophilus</em>, green seeds germinated significantly more in both light and darkness at lower temperatures (15/25 °C) and in light at higher temperatures (25/35 °C), compared to yellow seeds. Yellow seeds germinated faster, compared to black at 15/25 °C in <em>L. glinoides </em>and compared to green seeds at15/25 °C and 25/35 °C in <em>L. halophilus</em>. Seed colour variation, at least in <em>L. halophilus</em><em>,</em> could be a survival strategy that would determine the time of germination throughout the year in the unpredictable desert environment.</p>

scholarly journals Genotypic Differentiation in Temperature Requirements for Stratification in Subtropical Peach Seeds

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pérez-González
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Chilling Requirement ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Local Genotypes

The variability of species under local ecosystems, particularly in response to temperatures during endodormancy, permits adaptation of temperate fruit trees to subtropical climates. Information about the behavior of endodormant fruit trees and seeds is based on a narrow genetic base from higher latitudes. This work was conducted to generate information about responses of endodormant seeds from several subtropical peach (Prunus persica L.) genotypes, as a basis for breeding and selection in these regions. Samples of peach seeds were collected from genotypes originating at a range of altitudes in tropical-subtropical regions to evaluate their responses to different temperatures and lengths of stratification periods. When seeds were stratified at 7 °C, some genotypes with very low-chilling requirement registered a high percent germination in <40 days, and all accessions studied reached 95% germination before day 80. When seeds were stratified at warmer temperatures (10 and 14 °C), germination started earlier and was high at 10 °C for most accessions. Although seeds of some late-blooming accessions germinated earlier at 10 or 14 °C than at 7 °C, percent germination was lower and time-response curves were flatter. This contrasts with previous reports on genotypes with high-chilling requirement, where no germination was registered at 14 °C. These observations provide a background for screening seedlings for adaptation to local conditions, and suggest that endodormancy models should be based on information generated from local genotypes when applied in subtropical regions.

Fruit-body production of test cultures of Flammulina velutipes preserved for seven years by freezing at three different temperatures

Mycoscience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatake Ohmasa ◽  
Mitsutoshi Tsunoda ◽  
Katsuhiko Babasaki ◽  
Masakazu Hiraide ◽  
Hiroshi Harigae
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Body ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Test Cultures

Influence of Ripening Stage at Harvest on Chilling Injury Symptoms of Persimmon cv. Rojo Brillante Stored at Different Temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salvador ◽  
L. Arnal ◽  
A. Monterde ◽  
J. M. Martínez-Jávega
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Drastic Decrease ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Internal Browning

Changes in the quality during storage of persimmon fruits cv. Rojo Brillante harvested at two different maturity stages were studied. Early and late harvested fruit were stored at 1°C or 15°C for different periods of time. Harvest time had a relevant influence on chilling injury (CI) sensitiveness, since CI symptoms were found in fruits stored at 1°C only when they were early harvested. The most important CI manifestation was a drastic decrease of firmness that occurred when fruit were transferred from cold storage to 20°C. Other observed CI symptoms were internal browning, darkness of the skin, flesh structural changes, and increase of ethylene and CO2 production. Harvest date had also a considerable effect on the storage at 15°C, in this way, late harvested fruits maintained good quality for more time than early harvested ones.

Environmental control of bud formation and flowering of clonal Acacia baileyana F. Muell. for ornamental horticulture

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morgan ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Mother’S Day ◽  
Cool Conditions

To study the temperature requirements for flowering, cuttings of A. baileyana were either transferred between different temperatures in controlled-environment growth cabinets, kept outside or in a shadehouse. Plants in the growth cabinets were transferred from a low (13/9˚C) to high (23/19˚C) temperature, from a high to low temperature, or kept at a constant intermediate (18/13˚C) temperature, and then transferred outside. Acacia baileyana required temperatures at or above a mean maximum of 18˚C and a minimum of 13˚C for bud formation, and at or below a mean maximum of 16˚C and a minimum of 9˚C for flowering. Nearly twice the number of plants transferred from high to low temperature flowered compared with outside plants. Bud formation was inhibited at a temperature of 13˚C maximum and 9˚C minimum. Large buds dropped when the temperature was above 18˚C maximum and 13˚C minimum, indicating that the timing of plant transfer between the warm and cool conditions should be when the buds are at a medium size. Light intensity also affected flowering, with less than half the number of plants flowering in the shadehouse compared with outside. Plants transferred from high to low temperature were induced to flower 4 months earlier than outside plants by manipulating the temperature. Flowering cut stems or pot plants of A. baileyana could be produced for Mother’s Day in May and for other key markets.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

The structure of membranes and membrane proteins embedded in amorphous ice

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Uwe Lücken ◽  
Joachim Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Phase Transition Temperature ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Amorphous Ice ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Lipid Polymorphism

TEM imaging of frozen-hydrated lipid vesicles has been done by several groups Thermotrophic and lyotrophic polymorphism has been reported. By using image processing, computer simulation and tilt experiments, we tried to learn about the influence of freezing-stress and defocus artifacts on the lipid polymorphism and fine structure of the bilayer profile. We show integrated membrane proteins do modulate the bilayer structure and the morphology of the vesicles.Phase transitions of DMPC vesicles were visualized after freezing under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures in a controlled-environment vitrification system. Below the main phase transition temperature of 24°C (Fig. 1), vesicles show a facetted appearance due to the quasicrystalline areas. A gradual increase in temperature leads to melting processes with different morphology in the bilayer profile. Far above the phase transition temperature the bilayer profile is still present. In the band-pass-filtered images (Fig. 2) no significant change in the width of the bilayer profile is visible.

Microstructure of sputter deposited Ni-Sb ohmic contacts on GaAs

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
S. Yegnasubramanian ◽  
V.C. Kannan ◽  
R. Dutto ◽  
P.J. Sakach
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Recent developments in the fabrication of high performance GaAs devices impose crucial requirements of low resistance ohmic contacts with excellent contact properties such as, thermal stability, contact resistivity, contact depth, Schottky barrier height etc. The nature of the interface plays an important role in the stability of the contacts due to problems associated with interdiffusion and compound formation at the interface during device fabrication. Contacts of pure metal thin films on GaAs are not desirable due to the presence of the native oxide and surface defects at the interface. Nickel has been used as a contact metal on GaAs and has been found to be reactive at low temperatures. Formation Of Ni2 GaAs at 200 - 350C is reported and is found to grow epitaxially on (001) and on (111) GaAs, but is shown to be unstable at 450C. This paper reports the investigations carried out to understand the microstructure, nature of the interface and composition of sputter deposited and annealed (at different temperatures) Ni-Sb ohmic contacts on GaAs by TEM. Attempts were made to correlate the electrical properties of the films such as the sheet resistance and contact resistance, with the microstructure. The observations are corroborated by Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM) investigations.

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