scholarly journals Some biological properties of new sweet cherry cultivars in Bulgaria and their susceptibility to Blumeriella jaapii

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Borovinova ◽  
N. Christov ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Mass

Investigations were made on 12 sweet cherry cultivars (‘13-S-22-8’, 'Sunburst', `Kozerska'., 'NY 13791', 'Royalton', 'NY 13688', 'Hartland', `Sumerset', 'Pollax', 'Patriotka Krima', 'Castor', and `Lapins') in an experimental orchard of cherry cultivar collection in the Institute of Agriculture at Kyustendil, Bulgaria during the period of 1997-2003. The trees were planted in 1996. All cultivars were grafted on Prunus mahaleb. Four biological properties of the cultivars were assessed such as blooming time, resistance to late spring frost, fruit ripening and fruit mass. Among cultivars, a good resistance to late spring frost was observed on cultivar 'Sunburst'. The fruit mass varied between 4.2 g (cv. 'Patriotka Krima') and 8.5 g (cv. `Sunburst'). The susceptibility of the cherry cultivars to cherry leaf spot caused by Blumeriella jaapii was assessed in mid-September in each year. The estimation of the rate of attack was made according to the grade of Townsend and Neuberger. All cultivars showed symptoms of cherry leaf spot but the degree of susceptibility was different. Cultivar `Patriotka Krima' was the least susceptible, while cultivar `Somerset' was the most susceptible to Blumeriella jaapii.

scholarly journals Cherry leaf spot incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated production

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vámos ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cherry leaf spot (CLS) incidence on 12 sweet cherry cultivars in integrated sweet cherry production in three consecutive years from 2010 till 2012. Assessed cultivars (cvs.) were ’Aida’, ’Axel’, ’Biggareau burlat’, ’Blaze Star’, ’Celeste’, ’Germersdorfi 3’, ’Izabella’, ’Katalin’, ’Krupnoplodnaja’, ’Linda’, ’Sunburst’, ’Vera’Results showed that year had an essential effect on the CLS disease incidence. Cultivars showed great differences within years. Cultivar ’Celeste’ showed the lowest disease incidence on leaves in all years lower than 10%. The largest disease incidence on leaves was on cv. ’Sunburst’ in 2010, on cv. ’Germersdorfi 3’in 2011 and on cv. ’Axel’ in 2012. Disease incidence on these cultivars ranged between 10 and 25%.

scholarly journals Disease threshold for cherry leaf spot incidence on commercial sweet cherry cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Varga ◽  
A. Vámos ◽  
B. Molnár ◽  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Training System ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Disease Threshold ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the 10% threshold level for cherry leaf spot incidence on 23 commercial sweet cherry cultivars in two training systems. Twenty three cherry cultivars were evaluated in the two training systems with a spacing of 4 x 1 m and with a spacing of 2 x 5 m. Results showed that leaves of many cultivars were heavily infected, e.g. cultivars (cvs) ’Biggareau Burlat’, ’Sunburst’, while others showed low disease incidence e.g. cvs ’Celeste’ and ’Blaze Star’. According to the 10 % threshold level, cv ’Celeste’ proved to be the most resistant cultivar to leaf infection, while cv ’Münchebergi korai’ exceeded extremely the 10% threshold level. Leaf spot incidence was affected by training system on most cultivars. Thirteen cultivars had less than 10% infection in the 4 x 1 m spacing (i.e. they did not reach the 10% disease threshold level). At the same time, only 3 cultivars showed less than 10% infection in the 5 x 2 m spacing.

scholarly journals Process-Based Indicators for Timely Identification of Apricot Frost Disaster on the Warm Temperate Zone, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jianying ◽  
Zhiguo Huo ◽  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Wu Dingrong ◽  
Yuping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Warm Temperate Zone ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract Frequent occurrences of extreme cold weather processes create severe agricultural/forest frost events, even given the background of global warming. In the warm temperate zone of China, which is the largest planting area for fresh apricot, late spring frost disaster has become one of the major meteorological hazards during flowering. To prevent cold weather-induced apricot frost events and reduce potential losses in related fruit economic value, it is vital to establish a meteorological indicator for timely and accurate identification of cold weather process-based apricot frost events, to provide support for timely apricot frost monitoring and warning in late spring. In this study, daily minimax temperature (Tmin) and apricot frost disaster data during flowering were combined to establish meteorological identification indicators of apricot frost based on cold weather processes. A process-based apricot frost model (f(D,Tcum) was firstly constructed, and characteristics of (Tcum) (accumulated harmful temperature) were explored under different D (duration days) based on the representation of historical apricot frost processes. Thresholds for the (Tcum) for apricot frost in 1, 2, 3, 4 and more than 5 days of apricot frost process were determined as -1.51, -2.92, -4.39, -5.84 and − 7.31°C, respectively. Validation results by reserved independent disaster samples were generally consistent with the historical records of apricot frost disasters, with 89.00% accuracy for indicator-based identification results. Typical process tracking of the proposed identification indicator to an apricot frost event that occurred in North Hebei during April 3–9, 2018 revealed that the indicator-based identification result basically coincides with the historical disaster record and can reflect more detailed information about the apricot frost process.

Two Types of Late Spring Frost Injury to Winter Wheat 1

1947 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Livingston ◽  
J. C. Swinbank
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Late Spring Frost

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence Resource for Blumeriella jaapii, the Cherry Leaf Spot Pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1507-1510
Author(s):  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
J. Alejandro Rojas ◽  
Hyunkyu Sang ◽  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Cory A. Outwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
High Quality Genome

Blumeriella jaapii is the causal agent of cherry leaf spot (CLS), the most important disease of tart cherry in the Midwestern United States. Infection of leaves by B. jaapii leads to premature defoliation, which places trees at heightened risk of winter injury and death. Current management of CLS relies primarily on the application of three important fungicide classes, quinone outside inhibitors, sterol demethylation inhibitors, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of B. jaapii through a hybrid assembly of PacBio long reads and Illumina short reads. The assembled draft genome of B. jaapii is 47.4 Mb and consists of 95 contigs with a N50 value of 1.5 Mb. The genomic information of B. jaapii, representing the most complete sequenced genome of the family Dermateaceae (Ascomycota) to date, provides a valuable resource for identifying fungicide resistance mechanisms of this pathogen and expands our knowledge of the phytopathogenic fungi in this family.

Frost Damage to White Spruce Buds

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clements ◽  
J. W. Fraser ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Understory Trees

Unopened buds of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were damaged by late spring frost. At time of death of the apical meristem the buds were not ready for flushing. As expected on the basis of ground frosts, there was more damage among shorter trees than among taller trees, and more damage among open-grown trees than among understory trees.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the 14α-Demethylase Target Gene (CYP51) Mediates Fungicide Resistance in Blumeriella jaapii

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2581-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Tyre J. Proffer ◽  
Janette L. Jacobs ◽  
George W. Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Long Interspersed Nuclear Element ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are widely used to control fungi pathogenic to humans and plants. Resistance to DMIs is mediated either through alterations in the structure of the target enzyme CYP51 (encoding 14α-demethylase), through increased expression of the CYP51 gene, or through increased expression of efflux pumps. We found that CYP51 expression in DMI-resistant (DMIR) isolates of the cherry leaf spot pathogen Blumeriella jaapii was increased 5- to 12-fold compared to that in DMI-sensitive (DMIS) isolates. Analysis of sequences upstream of CYP51 in 59 DMIR isolates revealed that various forms of a truncated non-long terminal direct repeat long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon were present in all instances. Similar inserts upstream of CYP51 were not present in any of 22 DMIS isolates examined.

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