scholarly journals The effect of wear of petrol engine power brush cutters on their vibration exposure

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. László
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Technical Department ◽  
University Of Budapest ◽  
Extended Exposure

The matter of noise and vibration exposure has an accentuated emphasis in the environmental protection policy of the European Union. In practice, the focus is on the evaluation of noise -strain. The evaluation on human beings' vibration-strain is in focus in recent years. At the Technical Department in Corvinus University of Budapest Faculty of Horticultural Sciences we evaluate in PhD training form the possible ways of alleviation and revealance of noise and vibration-strain in gardening devices and machineries. According to the latest development in gardening culture, small gardening machines are more and more widespread. There is a law in Hungary for the compulsory grass-cutting, especially on 'ragweed' (Ambrosia elatior). Along highways, public territories, parks workmen at least six months are in charge to terminate these weed-crops meanwhile they are endangered by serious harmful effects. The operators of hand-held power tools are exposed comprehensive levels of hand-arm vibration at the tool-hand interface. Many studies indicate that extended exposure to mechanical vibration can induce degeneration of the vascular and sensioneural systems in the hand called hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The precise mechanism for the initiation and development of HAVS is unclear to date. Measurement and risk assessment of hand-transmitted vibration is mostly based on the guidelines and dose-response relationship provided in the ISO-5349 standard. These guidelines suggest that the magnitude, frequency, direction and duration of vibration exposure are the most important variables for the risk assessment of hand-arm vibration. This current study is focusing on brush cutters owned by one of the biggest caretaker company. These machines have similar brand and age but different in usage time. We inquired seven brush cutters through two years. The manufacturer repaid the vibration level of the new machines, but they doesn't examine, whether extent of the vibration emission is changing for the proper use. We wanted to know that are there any differences between the values of vibration specification after certain time of usage. Is it possible to monitor the alternate movements on graphs according to the vibration sciences? By Ill octave band frequency and FFT analysis we can point at that these brush cutters can show differences in critical frequencies. These biases can influence the hand-arm system and its vibration-strain burdening.

Assessing the effectiveness of the EU AML regime: Detecting and investigating cases of trafficking in human beings

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-485
Author(s):  
Þorbjörg Sveinsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
The Eu

The effectiveness of anti-money-laundering (AML) mechanisms within the European Union (EU), in the context of the detection and investigation of trafficking in human beings (THB), is the focal point of this article. The article begins by examining the EU’s emphasis on proactive financial investigations in cases of THB and then moves on to examine EU AML framework. Special attention is paid to the 4th AML Directive (Directive (EU) 2015/849), the Second Transfer of Funds Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2015/847), the Second Payment Services Directive (Directive (EU) 2015/2366) and the Cash Control Regulation (Regulation (EC) 1889/2005). The modus operandi of traffickers operating within the EU when laundering the proceeds of their crimes is then studied, with the view of assessing the effectiveness of the framework. The analysis shows that the EU AML framework fails to capture some common modes of money laundering (ML) in THB cases and in addition, it is less effective when the criminal proceeds are laundered within the EU. The analysis furthermore shows that the EU AML regime is largely dependent on the ML risk assessment of private actors, many who do not comply with their AML obligations and are widely insufficiently monitored within the Member States (MS). The article concludes that the limitations of the EU AML framework and it’s enforcement in the MS have resulted in difficulties both in detecting ML associated with THB and in gathering evidence during THB investigations.

Solidarity and Social Justice in the European Union Seventy Years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Role of European Judges

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Francesco Zammartino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Binding Force

Seventy Years after its proclamation, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite not having a binding force for the states, still provides at international level the fundamental text from which the principles and the values for the preservation of liberty and right of people are taken. In this article, the author particularly underlines the importance of Declaration’s article 1, which states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. With these words the Declaration presses states to undertake economic policies aimed at achieving economic and social progress for all individuals. Unfortunately, we also have to underline the lack of effective social policies in government programs of the E.U. Member States. The author inquires whether it is left to European judges to affirm the importance of social welfare.

State of hormonal regulation in experimental animals exposed to noise and vibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
A. V. Lizarev ◽  
V. A. Pankov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
In Blood Plasma

When exposed to noise and vibration in experimental animals there was a decrease in the content of threeiodinethyronine, thyroxin and adrenocorticotropic hormone in blood plasma after 15 and 30 days of experience. An increase in loads led to an increase in the level of threeiodinethyronine and thyroxin under vibration exposure and was normalized with noise. The content of adrenocorticotropic hormone leveled in both cases.

Biosafety of Genome Editing Applications in Plant Breeding: Considerations for a Focused Case-Specific Risk Assessment in the EU

BioTech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Michael F. Eckerstorfer ◽  
Marcin Grabowski ◽  
Matteo Lener ◽  
Margret Engelhard ◽  
Samson Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
European Court ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Deliberate Release ◽  
Specific Assessment

An intensely debated question is whether or how a mandatory environmental risk assessment (ERA) should be conducted for plants obtained through novel genomic techniques, including genome editing (GE). Some countries have already exempted certain types of GE applications from their regulations addressing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In the European Union, the European Court of Justice confirmed in 2018 that plants developed by novel genomic techniques for directed mutagenesis are regulated as GMOs. Thus, they have to undergo an ERA prior to deliberate release or being placed on the market. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published two opinions on the relevance of the current EU ERA framework for GM plants obtained through novel genomic techniques (NGTs). Regarding GE plants, the opinions confirmed that the existing ERA framework is suitable in general and that the current ERA requirements need to be applied in a case specific manner. Since EFSA did not provide further guidance, this review addresses a couple of issues relevant for the case-specific assessment of GE plants. We discuss the suitability of general denominators of risk/safety and address characteristics of GE plants which require particular assessment approaches. We suggest integrating the following two sets of considerations into the ERA: considerations related to the traits developed by GE and considerations addressing the assessment of method-related unintended effects, e.g., due to off-target modifications. In conclusion, we recommend that further specific guidance for the ERA and monitoring should be developed to facilitate a focused assessment approach for GE plants.

scholarly journals PAH biomarkers for human health risk assessment: a review of the state-of-the-art

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. a569-s580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Silveira Franco ◽  
Adelaide Cássia Nardocci ◽  
Wanda Maria Risso Günther
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widely distributed in the environment, and some are carcinogenic to human beings. The study of biomarkers has helped clarify the nature and magnitude of the human health risks posed by such substances. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art on PAH biomarkers for human health risk assessment and also discusses their applicability within the context of environmental management in Brazil. The article discusses the methodologies for determination of some biomarkers such as 1-hydroxypyrene and PAH-DNA adducts. Cytogenetic markers, frequency of chromosomal aberrations, and micronucleus induction were considered for the evaluation of cancer risk. The current stage of studies on validation of such biomarkers was also approached.

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