scholarly journals WORKPLACE SAFETY CHALLENGES OF COVID-19 PANDEMICS: CASE OF SLOVAKIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Capíková ◽  
◽  
Mária Nováková ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Health Laws ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Public health laws designed to protect the life and health of people have an impact on working conditions as a significant social determinant of health. Laws designed to reduce the spreading of COVID-19 also had an impact on the organization of work. Legal research methods were used to analyse the regulatory framework for occupational health in Slovakia since the COVID-19 pandemics outbreak on March 6th, 2020, and to analyse how the obligations and rights of employers and employees have changed. This paper also examines emerging issues, such as employees’ privacy and it explores the role of the external environment in safety management and leadership. New regulations passed to control spreading at workplaces strengthened the position of employers in surveillance of anti-pandemic measures. Pandemics mainstreamed the role of law as a public health tool. Sharing experiences across sectors of the economy and countries can be helpful to define good practices and their implementation into legislation.

Borderline: The Ethics of Fat Stigma in Public Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Pausé
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Fat Stigma

This article argues that public health campaigns have an ethical obligation to combat fat stigma, not mobilize it in the “war on obesity.” Fat stigma is conceptualized, and a review is undertaken of how pervasive fat stigma is across the world and across the lifespan. By reviewing the negative impacts of fat stigma on physical health, mental health, and health seeking behaviors, fat stigma is clearly identified as a social determinant of health. Considering the role of fat stigma in public health, and the arguments made for using stigmatisation in public health campaigns to promote population health, it is concluded that it is a violation of public health ethics to use stigma as a tool in combatting fatness. The article concludes by making recommendations of how public health in New Zealand can combat, rather than reinforce, fat stigma.

Defending Lawsuits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Tobacco Company ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Health Laws

Chapter 20 explores the strategic reasons why entities may challenge public health laws, and uses the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company v. FDA case to walk through the steps of a legal challenge to a public health law. The chapter also identifies the attorneys involved in defending public health laws on behalf of local, state, and federal government entities and explains how legal technical assistance from public health organizations can support their efforts. Finally, the chapter defines the role of amicus curiae briefs and how they may effectively contribute to the defense of public health laws and regulations.

scholarly journals Conceptual causal models of socioeconomic status, family structure, family functioning and their role in public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Booysen ◽  
Ferdi Botha ◽  
Edwin Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

AbstractSocial determinants of health frameworks are standard tools in public health. These frameworks for the most part omit a crucial factor: the family. Socioeconomic status moreover is a prominent social determinant of health. Insofar as family functioning is poorer in poor families and family structure and functioning are linked to health, it is critical to consider the pathways between these four constructs. In this correspondence, we reflect on how empirical studies of this conceptual nexus mirror two causal models. We conclude by reflecting on future directions for research in this field.

scholarly journals Reactions to Diversity: Using Theater to Teach Medical Students about Cultural Diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S37986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley D Ivory ◽  
Paul Dwyer ◽  
Georgina Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Interactive Exercises ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Training medical students to understand the effects of culture and marginalization on health outcomes is important to the future health of increasingly diverse populations. We devised and evaluated a short training module on working with diversity to challenge students’ thinking about the role of both patient and practitioner culture in health outcomes. The workshop combined didactic teaching about culture as a social determinant of health using the cultural humility model, interactive exercises, and applied theater techniques. We evaluated changes in the students’ perceptions and attitudes over time using the Reaction to Diversity Inventory. There was initial significant improvement. Women and students with no past diversity training responded best. However, scores largely reverted to baseline over 12 months.

scholarly journals Role of Public Health Laws in the Advancement of Right to Health on an International Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
SaurabhR Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekS Shrivastava ◽  
Jegadeesh Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Health Laws

Culture, a Social Determinant of Health and Risk: Considerations for Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Iwelunmor ◽  
Collins Airhihenbuwa
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Improve Health

We provide an overview on the role of culture in addressing the social determinants of health and risk. The fact that everyone is influenced by a set of locally defined forms of behavior means that while not overtly expressed, culture’s effects can be ubiquitous, influencing everything including the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping health and risk messaging. While the dynamic nature of culture is underestimated and often not reflected in most research, efforts to close the gap on social determinants of health and risk will require greater clarity on what culture is and how it impacts culture-sensitive health communication. Thus, the paper begins by reviewing why culture is so vital and relevant to any attempts to improve health and reduce health inequalities. We discuss what is meant by the term “culture” through a narrative synthesis of historical and recent progress in definitions of culture. We conclude by describing three distinct cultural frameworks for health that illustrate how culture can be effectively used as a vehicle through which to address culturally sensitive health communication in local and global contexts. Overall, we believe that culture is indispensable and important for addressing inequalities and inequities in health as well as for facilitating culture-sensitive health communication strategies that will ultimately close the gap on the social determinants of health and risk.

Securing Social Security Solvency

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-167
Author(s):  
William P. Brandon ◽  
Zachary Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
Unearned Income ◽  
Social Security Beneficiaries ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

AbstractAdequate income is a social determinant of health. In the United States, only Social Security beneficiaries receive inflation-protected guaranteed income. Social Security needs another 1983 compromise in which stakeholders accepted “shared pain” to avoid insolvency. We propose indexing the benefit using the chained consumer price index (CPI) for all urban consumers and providing a one-time bonus of 8% to 10% for beneficiaries in their mid-80s, when needs become greater. The chained CPI has little impact when beneficiaries start receiving benefits, but older beneficiaries need protection. The estimated 75-year savings from this restructured benefit amount to 14.2% to 18% of Social Security deficits. Modest increases in payroll taxes and maximum earnings taxed should make up most of the shortfall. Including unearned income with wages and salaries subject to the 6.2% individual tax would produce much more revenue. The discussion explores the proposal’s political feasibility, grounding in current policy and political science literature, and the role of income as a social determinant of health.

scholarly journals Effects of non-health-targeted policies on migrant health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Juarez ◽  
M Rostila
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration And Health ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract This presentation will commence with a brief overview of the field of migration and health with the purpose of contextualizing the need for more policy-oriented research in this area, in so far as policy is a crucial -yet still overlooked- social determinant of health. In this context, we will present the main findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis recently published in the Lancet Global Health which looks at the effects of entry and integration policies on migrant health. The findings will, in turn, serve as a starting point to discuss how migration issues in general, and migration and health in particular, should be framed in relation to economic and human rights. Acknowledging the role of economic arguments in decision making, the presentation will end with a general reflection about the invisible contributions of migrants to wealth creation in a global economy and the difficulties of estimating such contributions.

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