Modeling the Impact of Communications Technologies on Travel Behavior and Land Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 2658 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Housing Search ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The widespread use of communications technologies has changed the way people travel. Transport modeling offers the opportunity to analyze this impact and test innovations, policies, and future trends before they actually happen. The impact of smartphones, GPS, and telework has been researched insufficiently, despite the impact of these technologies on travel behavior. Autonomous vehicles are expected to be widely available in the near future, but their impact on travel behavior is largely unknown. Last but not least, social networks have a dominating impact on the activities people pursue, the destinations they choose, the mode they use, and with whom they travel. This paper describes a framework for an integrated land use–transport model for analyzing the impact of communications technologies on travel behavior. Social networks are simulated explicitly. The impact of communications technologies on both land use, such as the impact on a housing search, auto ownership, or work place choice, as well as travel behavior such as activity generation, destination choice, or mode choice, can be simulated with this modeling suite.

The Impact of Zoning and Built Environment Characteristics on Transit, Biking, and Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Mueller ◽  
Daniel J. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Land Use Regulation ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

This study furthers existing research on the link between the built environment and travel behavior, particularly mode choice (auto, transit, biking, walking). While researchers have studied built environment characteristics and their impact on mode choice, none have attempted to measure the impact of zoning on travel behavior. By testing the impact of land use regulation in the form of zoning restrictions on travel behavior, this study expands the literature by incorporating an additional variable that can be changed through public policy action and may help cities promote sustainable real estate development goals. Using a unique, high-resolution travel survey dataset from Denver, Colorado, we develop a multinomial discrete choice model that addresses unobserved travel preferences by incorporating sociodemographic, built environment, and land use restriction variables. The results suggest that zoning can be tailored by cities to encourage reductions in auto usage, furthering sustainability goals in transportation.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Daily Activity Plans of Travelers Using the Park-and-Ride System and Autonomous Vehicles: Work and Shopping Trip Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Ortega ◽  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss ◽  
János Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Activity Chain ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact

The preferences of travelers determines the utility of daily activity plans. Decision-makers can affect the preference of travelers when they force private car users to use park-and-ride (P&R) facilities as a way of decreasing traffic in city centers. The P&R system has been shown to be effective in reducing uninterrupted increases in traffic congestion, especially in city centers. Therefore, the impacts of P&R on travel behavior and the daily activity plans of both worker and shopper travelers were studied in this paper. Moreover, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are a promising technology for the coming decade. A simulation of the AV as part of a multimodal system, when the P&R system was integrated in the daily activity plans, was carried out to determine the required AV fleet size needed to fulfill a certain demand and to study the impacts of AVs on the behavior of travelers (trip time and distance). Specifically, a group of travelers, who use private cars as their transport mode, was studied, and certain modifications to their daily activity plans, including P&R facilities and changing their transport mode, were introduced. Using the MATSim open-source tool, four scenarios were simulated based on the mentioned modifications. The four scenarios included (1) a simulation of the existing transport modes of the travelers, (2) a simulation of their daily activity plans when their transport modes were changed to AVs, (3) a simulation of the travelers, when P&R facilities were included in their activity chain plans, and (4) a simulation of their daily activity plans, when both P&R and AVs were included in their activity chain plans. The result showed that using the P&R system increased overall travel time, compared with using a private car. The results also demonstrated that using AVs as a replacement for conventional cars reduced travel time. In conclusion, the impact of P&R and AVs on the travel behavior of certain travelers was evaluated in this paper.

Reshaping the Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 2537 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Stephanie Pollack ◽  
Anna Gartsman ◽  
Timothy Reardon ◽  
Meghna Hari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

The American Public Transportation Association's use of a “land use multiplier” as part of its methodology for calculating greenhouse gas reduction from transit has increased interest in methodologies that quantify the impact of transit systems on land use and vehicle miles traveled. Such transit leverage, however, is frequently evaluated for urbanized areas, although transit systems serve only a small proportion of those areas. If transit leverage is stronger in areas closer to transit stations, studies based on larger geographies may underestimate land use and travel behavior effects in transit-served areas. A geographic information system–based data set was developed to understand better the leverage effects associated with the mature and extensive Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority transit system in areas proximate to its stations throughout Metropolitan Boston. The region was divided into the subregion that was transit-proximate (within a half mile of a rapid transit station or key bus route), the portion that was commuter rail–proximate, and the remaining 93.3% of the region that was not proximate to high-frequency transit. Households in the transit-proximate subregion were significantly more likely to commute by transit (and walking or biking), less likely to own a car, and drove fewer miles than households in the non-transit-served areas of the region. Commuter rail–proximate areas, although denser than the region as a whole, exhibited more driving and car ownership than regional averages. Given these spatial and modal variations, future efforts to understand transit leverage should separately evaluate land use and travel effects by mode and proximity to transit stations.

scholarly journals Vehicle Electrification Impacts on Energy Consumption for Different Connected-Autonomous Vehicle Scenario Runs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ehsan Sabri Islam ◽  
Ayman Moawad ◽  
Namdoo Kim ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Energy Impact ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Transportation system simulation is a widely accepted approach to evaluate the impact of transport policy deployment. In developing a transportation system deployment model, the energy impact of the model is extremely valuable for sustainability and validation. It is expected that different penetration levels of Connected-Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) will impact travel behavior due to changes in potential factors such as congestion, miles traveled, etc. Along with such impact analyses, it is also important to further quantify the regional energy impact of CAV deployment under different factors of interest. The objective of this paper is to study the energy consumption of electrified vehicles in the future for different penetration levels of CAVs deployment in the City of Chicago. The paper will further provide a statistical analysis of the results to evaluate the impact of the different penetration levels on the different electrified powertrains used in the study.

Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Maria Kockelman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Impact

The relative significance and influence of a variety of measures of urban form on household vehicle kilometers traveled, automobile ownership, and mode choice were investigated. The travel data came from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area travel surveys, and the land use data were largely constructed from hectare-level descriptions provided by the Association of Bay Area Governments. After demographic characteristics were controlled for, the measures of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance—computed for trip-makers’ home neighborhoods and at trip ends—proved to be highly statistically significant and influential in their impact on all measures of travel behavior. In many cases, balance, mix, and accessibility were found to be more relevant (as measured by elasticities) than several household and traveler characteristics that often form a basis for travel behavior prediction. In contrast, under all but the vehicle ownership models, the impact of density was negligible after accessibility was controlled.

scholarly journals The Influence of Introducing Autonomous Vehicles on Conventional Transport Modes and Travel Time

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4163
Author(s):  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
The Public ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact

Introducing autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the market is likely to bring changes in the mobility of travelers. In this work, extensive research is conducted to study the impact of different levels of automation on the mobility of people, and full driving automation needs further study because it is still under development. The impacts of AVs on travel behavior can be studied by integrating AVs into activity-based models. The contribution of this study is the estimation of AVs’ impacts on travelers’ mobility when different travel demands are provided, and also the estimation of AVs’ impact on the modal share considering the different willingness of pay to travel by AVs. This study analyses the potential impacts of AVs on travel behavior by investigating a sample of 8500 travelers who recorded their daily activity plans in Budapest, Hungary. Three scenarios are derived to study travel behavior and to find the impacts of the AVs on the conventional transport modes. The scenarios include (1) a simulation of the existing condition, (2) a simulation of AVs as a full replacement for conventional transport modes, and (3) a simulation of the AVs with conventional transport modes concerning different marginal utilities of travel time in AVs. The simulations are done by using the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) open-source software, which applies a co-evolutionary optimization algorithm. Using the scenarios in the study, we develop a base model, determine the required fleet size of AVs needed to fulfill the demand of the different groups of travelers, and predict the new modal shares of the transport modes when AVs appear on the market. The results demonstrate that the travelers are exposed to a reduction in travel time once conventional transport modes are replaced by AVs. The impact of the value of travel time (VOT) on the usage of AVs and the modal share is demonstrated. The decrease in the VOT of AVs increases the usage of AVs, and it particularly decreases the usage of cars even more than other transport modes. AVs strongly affect the public transport when the VOT of AVs gets close to the VOT of public transport. Finally, the result shows that 1 AV can replace 7.85 conventional vehicles with acceptable waiting time.

scholarly journals Sport, physical activity and social health in older adults. Caring with technology in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110456
Author(s):  
Ivana Matteucci
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Short Version ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper was to photograph this precise moment in history, focusing on the situation of older adults during the COVID-19 health emergency in Northern Italy. In particular, we analysed the relationship between social networks and social support, sport and recreational activity, and the use of communications technologies in December 2020. We investigated and discussed such use of technologies, wondering if and how it helped to compensate for the diminishment in social health, usually gained trough social interactions and the practice of sport and physical activity. We examined how reduction of mobility, social distancing and isolation measures imposed by the government to reduce the spread of COVID-19, affected the living conditions of the older adults, in particular their social health, and the level of sport and physical activity they were engaged in. We collected data through interviews with the subjects, assessing their social networks, the perceived social support provided by their family members, friends and caregivers, and the level of sport and physical activity they were engaged in. Moreover, we analysed the impact of technological communications devices, which were employed to help older adults to maintain their relationships with the outside world and to preserve their active life. The interview questions were formulated based on the Lubben Social Network Scale-Revised (LSNS-R), the short version of the Social Support List (SSL12-I) for the elderly and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). A relationship was found between the social health related to physical activity of the older adults subjects during the COVID-19 emergency and the use of communications technologies, which played a role in mitigating the impact of the crisis on their social health by helping them to keep physically and socially active.

scholarly journals Cruising for Parking with Autonomous and Conventional Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nourinejad ◽  
Matthew J. Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Parking Spot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Parking is a cumbersome part of auto travel because travelers have to search for a spot and walk from that spot to their final destination. This conventional method of parking will change with the arrival of autonomous vehicles (AV). In the near future, users of AVs get dropped off at their final destination and the occupant-free AVs search for the nearest and most convenient parking spot. Hence, individuals no longer bear the discomfort of cruising for parking while sitting in their vehicle. This paper quantifies the impact of AVs on parking occupancy and traffic flow on a corridor that connects a home zone to a downtown zone. The model considers a heterogeneous group of AVs and conventional vehicles (CV) and captures their parking behavior as they try to minimize their generalized travel costs. Insights are obtained from applying the model to two case studies with uniform and linear parking supply along the corridor. We show that (i) CVs park closer to the downtown zone in order to minimize their walking distance, whereas AVs park farther away from the downtown zone to minimize their parking search time, (ii) AVs experience a lower search time than CVs, and (iii) higher AV penetration rates reduce travel costs for both AVs and CVs.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Land Use on Reducing Personal Vehicle Miles of Travel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2500 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Miles Of Travel

While voluminous empirical studies have examined the impact of land use on travel behavior, few have relied on longitudinal data and an analytical approach. With data from two activity travel surveys (1997 and 2006) conducted in Austin, Texas, this paper develops a longitudinal multilevel model for estimating the change in the effect of land use on vehicle miles of travel (VMT) over time and the long-range land use effect on VMT reduction. Results suggest that the influences of land use mixture and street density on VMT would vary between 2 years. The effects of VMT reduction on land use policies by raising population and street densities are salient in the short run but insignificant in the long run, whereas those of mixed-use policies are even larger in the long run. These findings validate the importance of longitudinal data and analysis in land use–travel studies and suggest that the short-run elasticity of land use derived from cross-sectional analyses may be inappropriate for assessing the long-run effect of land use–based mobility strategies for reducing VMT.

Exploring the Elements and Determinants of the Value of Time for Manual Driving and Autonomous Driving using a Qualitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 542-552
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Kolarova
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

Autonomous driving is expected to change individual travel behavior significantly. The main reason postulated is an increase in comfort and feasibility of on-board activities which will potentially change the way people perceive time spent in a vehicle and consequently their mode preferences. Understanding how value of time (VoT) might change and what will determine such change can be crucial when assessing the impact of vehicle automation. Recent studies address potential changes that automation might have on VoT based on analyses of time use and perception in current modes of transport or focusing only on the utility of driving autonomously. However, there is a lack of research addressing both—the utility of car driving compared with the utility of riding autonomously—from the user perspective. To address this research question, focus group discussions with car drivers were conducted. The data was analyzed using a thematic qualitative text analysis. The results suggest that the utility of car driving today, including aspects of driving pleasure, various (passive) activities performed in the car, and also driving as an activity itself, will counterbalance to a certain extent the effect of the benefits of autonomous driving, such as improved travel experience and feasibility of activities. Moreover, context-related and individual characteristics shape these effects. This paper summarizes the main study results, including potential short- and long-term travel behavior changes resulting from the availability of autonomous driving. Lastly, implications from the qualitative research for quantitative studies on value of travel time savings for autonomous vehicles are discussed.

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