Laboratory Comparison of Rejuvenated 50% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Hot-Mix Asphalt with Conventional 20% RAP Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2633 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Veeraragavan ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Mingjiang Tao ◽  
Martins Zaumanis ◽  
Robert Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Cracking Potential ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Performance Grading

The Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) currently allows 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in base and intermediate courses. To help the Maine DOT decide whether RAP could be increased to 50%, this study evaluated the critical laboratory properties of hot-mix asphalt with 50% RAP materials and rejuvenator. The scope of work consisted of preparing 20% and 50% RAP mixes with and without rejuvenators and testing compacted specimens for their volumetric properties, moduli, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and low- and intermediate-temperature cracking potential. Two rejuvenators were used: ( a) generic waste vegetable oil and ( b) proprietary, commercially available rejuvenator. Virgin binder, extracted RAP binder, and extracted binder from recycled mixes were tested for continuous performance grading. The results showed that rejuvenators improved the properties of high RAP mixes, and the performance of rejuvenated 50% RAP mixes was equal to that of the currently allowed 20% RAP mixes. Results from semicircular bending tests were used to evaluate and quantify the effect of rejuvenators on mixes with high RAP content. Field trials of 50% RAP mixes were recommended as a result of the study.

scholarly journals Effect of Rejuvenating Agent on the Pavement Properties of Cold Recycled Mixture with Bitmen Emulsion

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Chun Li ◽  
Jian Ouyang ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Jingtao Shi ◽  
Wenting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Application Scope

A traditional cold recycled mixture with bitumen emulsion (CRMB) has a relatively low cracking resistance and moisture susceptibility, which greatly limits its application scope. A rejuvenating agent was employed to improve the pavement properties of CRMB. To avoid the rejuvenating agent having an adverse effect on the new bitumen, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was firstly treated by the rejuvenating agent, and the effect of rejuvenating time on the pavement properties of CRMB was investigated. Results indicate that the addition of a rejuvenating agent can greatly improve the ductility and moisture susceptibility of CRMB. Meanwhile, although the rejuvenating agent can soften aged bitumen, the addition of a rejuvenating agent can still increase the indirect tensile strength of CRMB and does not greatly reduce the rutting resistance of CRMB. This phenomenon exists because the rejuvenating agent can be both beneficial to the membrane structure of the bitumen emulsion mastic and aged bitumen. It can also greatly improve the bonding interface between RAP and the bitumen emulsion mastic. The rejuvenating time between RAP and the rejuvenating agent can affect the pavement properties of CRMB. To obtain better pavement properties, the optimum recommended rejuvenating time is between 5 and 7 days. Overall, the addition of rejuvenating agent can be a good choice to improve the pavement properties of CRMB.

Investigating the Performances of Plant-Produced High-Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content Warm Mix Asphalts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Kevin Stuart ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Ahmed A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Monitoring

Laboratory-based studies have been conducted considering the incorporation of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies in paving mixtures both excluding and including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, little research has been conducted to date that further advances the knowledge of WMA technologies in combination with high RAP contents beyond experiments using laboratory fabricated mixtures. The objective of this study was to expand on the existing laboratory research by investigating the moisture susceptibility, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking performances of plant-produced mixtures incorporating various WMA technologies and RAP contents. Nine 12.5-mm superpave mixtures were produced in two drum plants using three WMA technologies and three RAP contents. The three WMA technologies used were wax-based SonneWarmix™, chemical-based Evotherm®, and the Stansteel ACCU-SHEAR™ foaming process. Post production moisture in each mixture was negligible, which means that moisture had no effect on the laboratory mixture performance. The quality of blending analyses showed that the majority of the mixtures had poor blending, which would indicate that there should be performance issues with many of these mixtures. However, the quality of blending had no apparent effect on the laboratory mixture performance. It did not explain any poor performance or any difference in performance. Overall, some WMA with RAP contents up to approximately 50% RAP provided an acceptable laboratory performance. Fatigue cracking was the primary failure mode. Field trials or full-scale pavement accelerated tests with rigorous pavement monitoring are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Study on the Suitability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate (RAPA) in Hot Mix Asphalt Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiruwork Mulatu ◽  
◽  
Biruk Yigezu ◽  
Anteneh Geremew ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Production ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Crushed Aggregate ◽  
Marshall Stability

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of recycled asphalt aggregate with fresh aggregate in hot mix asphalt production by using experimental laboratory investigation. Also, Non-probable sampling techniques were adopted to collect a sample. The engineering properties of extracted Reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate and the fresh crushed aggregate were identified based on standard specification before starting the Marshall Mix design, Then the Marshall Stability test was conducted on crushed aggregate with three different aggregate gradation sizes 5.0%, 5.5% and 6.0% by weight of aggregates and with five different bitumen content 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5% and 6.0% by weight of total mix. Depending on the selected aggregate gradation Marshall Stability test was conducted for reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate with a replacement rate of 5.0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, and 65% by weight of crushed aggregate to determine its optimum bitumen content according to National Asphalt Pavement Association method (NAPAM). A total of 64 mix designs and 190 specimens were prepared. Hence, Marshall Stability and Moisture Susceptibility test with 3-trials, hence rutting test with 2-trials. From 190 specimens, 45 were for the control mix, 105 were for replacement proportion, 36 were for Moisture Susceptibility and 4 were for Rutting Based on the Marshall Test results and their performance tests such as Moisture Susceptibility and Rutting was performed to maximum allowable replacement percentage was compared with standard specification. The optimum bitumen content result obtained in percent was 5.1, 5.04, 4.98, 4.87, 4.81, 4.74, 4.67 and 4.53 for 0 % (control), 5.0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55% and 65%, respectively. The experimental value of Tensile Strength Ratio, proportional rut depth and mean rut depth on 45% RAPA replacement was 85.42% and 4.48 %, 2.24 mm respectively. Finally, the test result obtained from the marshal stability and the performance testes indicates that up to 45% replacement of aggregate is reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate in hot mix asphalt production satisfies the standard specification.

scholarly journals Investigation the effect of newly used polymer modified bitumen on the performance of hot mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463
Author(s):  
Osamah Chafat ◽  
Sahar Al-Ghurab ◽  
Basim Al-Humeidawi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen

The current research focuses on investigating the effect of using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) prepared with polymer modified bitumen (PMB) binder. This PMB used for the first time with HMA contained RAP. The mechanical properties and performance of HMA were assessed using several standard tests including Marshall, indirect tensile strength, creep compliance, and wheel track test. The RAP replacement was conducted up to 70% of total aggregate in HMA with an increment of 10%. The results of investigation showed, that the use of PMB binder prepared by addition novolac (phenol formaldehyde solid resin) and hexamine to conventional bitumen, significantly improved the performance of HMA contained RAP. Also, the optimum percentage of RAP replacement was found to be 50% of total aggregate in HMA. For this level of replacement, the rut depth reduced up to 38% of its original value.

scholarly journals Effect of Rejuvenated Binder on the Pavement Rutting Performance at Different Aging Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Ali ◽  
Farshad Haddadi ◽  
Mojtaba Mohammadafzali ◽  
Greg Sholar ◽  
Howard Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
Determining Factor

The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in virgin mixtures is an effective means of promoting sustainability. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of rejuvenated binder on the rutting performance and moisture susceptibility of high RAP content mixtures. All mixtures were tested at three aging levels, one short-term aging level, and two long-term aging levels. The performance of the specimens and the level of diffusion were measured and compared, and the correlation between binder test and rutting test results was evaluated. Based on the results, the degree of diffusion is not a determining factor in the performance of the mixture. However, the amount of the rejuvenator and Superpave performance grading (PG) of the rejuvenated binder is the most effective parameter. Results indicate that the short-term aged recycled mix exhibits a better rutting resistance than the virgin mix when its HTPG is 6°C higher than the virgin mix.

scholarly journals Laboratory Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and Fine Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (FRAP) Content

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Han ◽  
Xianpeng Cheng ◽  
Yamin Liu ◽  
Yacai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Moisture Performance

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the applications of recycled mixtures with a high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content. However, many government departments are hesitant about the applications of that due to being worried about the durability of its pavement, and few findings has been reported in terms of the percentage of fine reclaimed asphalt pavement (FRAP, 0~5 mm) in recycled mixtures. In this paper, 25% or more RAP by the weight of aggregates is defined as high RAP and high FRAP refers to 10% or more FRAP by the weight of aggregates. This paper examines the laboratory performances of mixtures with high RAP (30%, 40%, and 50%) and FRAP (10%, 15%, and 20%). Performance evaluations have been conducted by conventional tests, including the low-temperature bending test, fatigue test, and the moisture susceptibility test. The results show that with the increasing RAP and FARP contents, 41% (30-R-10) to 63% (50-R-15) of virgin asphalt can be saved, both the low-temperature and fatigue performance decrease, and the moisture performance firstly increases and then decreases. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) in terms of low-temperature and moisture performance show that RAP contents in recycled mixtures have a significant effect on the performance, while the effect of FRAP contents on the performance of recycled mixtures is insignificant.

Performance of Hot and Cold Recycled Mixtures with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 714-726
Author(s):  
Edith Arámbula-Mercado ◽  
Santiago J. Chavarro-Muñoz ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Howie Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation

Florida Department of Transportation yearly maintenance and rehabilitation activities include milling and resurfacing of approximately 2,000 lane miles of roadway, with an average resurfacing depth of about 2.1 in. (55 mm). These activities result in the generation and accumulation of roughly 1.8 million tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) each year. The use of elevated quantities of RAP in asphalt pavement provides an environmentally responsible solution to the accumulated RAP surplus in some urban areas, while at the same time offering an economical pavement maintenance and rehabilitation option to local agencies facing budget constraints. The objective of this project was to compare the performance of mixtures with 60% RAP content to be used primarily on low volume roads (average daily traffic <750 vehicles) and suggest adequate test methods within the context of a balanced mix design approach. To accomplish this objective, three types of mixtures were considered: hot, cold with emulsion, and cold with foamed binder. Performance testing included intermediate temperature cracking, rutting, moisture susceptibility, and durability. The hot recycled mixtures showed good moisture susceptibility and cracking resistance, especially when rejuvenators were incorporated. The cold recycled mixtures showed poor moisture susceptibility and durability characteristics, which were alleviated when hydrated lime or Portland cement was incorporated in the emulsified and foamed mixtures, respectively. Most hot recycled mixtures, and all the cold recycled mixtures, exhibited poor rutting behavior, likely because of the harsh conditions of the test. A life-cycle cost analysis demonstrated more favorable savings when cold recycled mixtures were used.

High-Performance Thin-Lift Overlays with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content and Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Alexander J. Austerman ◽  
Robert Kluttz ◽  
Michael Roussel
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Structural Capacity

A high-performance thin asphalt overlay (HPThinOL) is specified as having a thickness of 1 in. or less and is used in applications requiring high levels of rutting and fatigue resistance. HPThinOLs are used as a pavement preservation strategy and are placed on pavements that have remaining structural capacity that is expected to outlive that strategy. Current specifications for HPThinOLs generally call for a polymer-modified asphalt (PMA). However, PMA binders are more expensive than unmodified asphalt binders. This expense, coupled with the higher binder content requirement generally associated with HPThinOL, could lead to an initial higher cost in relation to other pavement preservation strategies. Although the higher initial cost can be offset by incorporating high amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), the use of high amounts of RAP in PMA mixtures might adversely affect the mixture performance (stiffness, cracking, or workability). Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technology may improve the workability of HPThinOL that incorporates high RAP content and PMA binders. This study evaluated the effect of PMA binders, high RAP content, and WMA technology on the stiffness, resistance to reflective cracking, moisture susceptibility, and workability of HPThinOL mixtures. PMA binders and high RAP content increased the stiffness of HPThinOL significantly; however, the use of WMA technology lowered mixture stiffness and improved workability. PMA may improve the cracking resistance, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance of high-RAP HPThinOL mixtures, depending on whether a WMA technology is used.

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