Performance-Related Specifications for Asphalt Emulsions Used in Microsurfacing Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ilias ◽  
Javon Adams ◽  
Cassie Castorena ◽  
Y. Richard Kim
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Frequency Sweep Test ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions ◽  
Low Shear

This paper details the development of a framework for emulsion performance grade (EPG) specifications for microsurfacings. Microsurfacings are preservation surface treatments designed to improve the condition of the pavement surface while mitigating deterioration of the overall pavement structure. Asphalt emulsions used in microsurfacings are often selected on the basis of factors that are not necessarily related to performance. Rutting and thermal cracking have been identified as the most critical microsurfacing distresses related to binder performance. In the assessment of fresh emulsion properties, storage stability and mixability have been determined to be the most critical constructability concerns. For this study, binder and mixture test methods were identified to reflect the failure mechanisms for each critical distress type. The two emulsion residue test methods that were identified to capture microsurfacing performance were ( a) the multiple stress creep and recovery test for rutting and ( b) the dynamic shear rheometer frequency sweep test for thermal cracking. The identified critical fresh emulsion properties that related to constructability included storage stability and viscosity measured at a low shear rate. The proposed EPG specifications for fresh emulsion properties related to constructability were developed by using statistical analysis of the binder test results. The EPG specifications for residual binder were developed by defining the temperature-independent relationships between the emulsion residue properties and the mixture performance that corresponded to each critical distress. Preliminary specification limits were then established on the basis of the values of the binder properties that corresponded to the critical mixture performance thresholds.

Performance-Graded Specifications for Asphalt Emulsions Used in Chip Seal Preservation Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (12) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javon Adams ◽  
Mohammad Ilias ◽  
Cassie Castorena ◽  
Y. Richard Kim
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Frequency Sweep Test ◽  
Chip Seals ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions ◽  
Aggregate Loss ◽  
And Storage

This paper details the development of a framework for emulsion performance-grade (EPG) specifications for chip seal treatments. Chip seals are preservation surface treatments that are designed to improve the condition of the pavement surface while mitigating deterioration of the overall pavement structure. Asphalt emulsions used in chip seals often are selected based on factors that are not necessarily related to performance. Aggregate loss and bleeding have been identified as the most critical chip seal distresses that are related to binder performance. Storage stability, sprayability, and drain-out have been determined to be the most critical constructability concerns. For this study, binder and mixture test methods were identified to reflect the failure mechanisms for each critical distress type. The emulsion residue test methods that were identified to capture chip seal performance are the multiple stress creep and recovery test for bleeding and the dynamic shear rheometer frequency sweep test for low-temperature aggregate loss. The fresh emulsion test methods that were identified to capture chip seal constructability are the three-step shear test and storage stability test. The proposed EPG specifications for the fresh emulsion properties that are related to constructability were developed using statistical analysis of the binder test results. The proposed EPG specifications for the residual binder properties were developed by defining the temperature-independent relationships between the emulsion residue properties and mixture performance that correspond to each critical distress. Preliminary specification limits were then established based on the values of the binder properties that correspond to the critical mixture performance thresholds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bleeding Resistance in Chip Seal and Asphalt Emulsion Residue Rheology

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Preeda Chaturabong
Keyword(s):  
Influence Factors ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Chip Seal ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions

Chip seal bleeding is influenced by many factors, including design inputs, material properties, and project-specific conditions. It reduces the surface texture of the pavement and thus compromises the safety of the traveling public. Even though factors that bring about premature bleeding are known, currently, no laboratory test methods for evaluating bleeding in chip seals have been specified. The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties measured by the ASTM D7405 multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, as well as other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance as measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT). In this study, the MSCR test was used as a tool for evaluating the performance of asphalt emulsions because it has been identified as a potential test related to bleeding in the field. In addition, MLWT was selected as a tool for evaluating chip seal bleeding performance in the laboratory. The results of the MLWT showed that the emulsion application rate (EAR), aggregate gradation, and emulsion properties were significant factors affecting bleeding. The MSCR test was found to be a promising tool for the performance evaluation of asphalt emulsion residue, as the test was able to differentiate between emulsion chemistries and modifications in terms of sensitivity to both temperature and stress. In relation to chip seal bleeding resistance, only the creep compliance (Jnr) obtained from the MSCR test results was identified as a significant property affecting potential for bleeding.

scholarly journals Rheology of Asphalt Binder Modified with 5W30 Viscosity Grade Waste Engine Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touqeer Shoukat ◽  
Pyeong Jun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Rotational Viscosity

The pavement structure tends to shrink under low temperature conditions and cracks will appear upon crossing threshold binder stiffness. Decreasing the binder viscosity at such low temperatures, by introducing additional oil fraction (aromatics and saturates) in asphalt colloidal systems, may result in improved resistance to thermal cracking. A single multi-grade engine oil (5W30) was used in this study to analyze the rheological properties imparted to binders. Rotational Viscosity (RV) test revealed that after Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) aging, fresh oil and waste oil have a similar effect on decreasing the viscosity of binder and construction temperatures, reducing them by 5~8 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test results showed an abrupt increase of carbonyl concertation when fresh engine oil was used for rejuvenation while waste engine oil was less susceptible to oxidative aging. Dynamic analysis of modified binders proved that engine oil has better thermal cracking resistance but relaxation ability of binders and rutting resistance was impaired. Filtered waste engine oil resulted in a 35% decrement in the stiffness of binder compared to virgin asphalt after short term aging but upper Performance Grade (PG) was compromised by 1~3 °C with 2.5% oil inclusion. Unfiltered waste engine oil proved to have the least overall performance compared to fresh and filtered waste engine oil.

Low-Temperature Vacuum Drying Procedure for Rapid Asphalt Emulsion Residue Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritha Malladi ◽  
Meron Asnake ◽  
Andrew LaCroix ◽  
Cassie Castorena
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Multiple Stress ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Asphalt Emulsions ◽  
Drying Technology ◽  
Future Work

Asphalt emulsions are used extensively in tack coats and preservation surface treatments. The current specifications for asphalt emulsion residue recovery in AASHTO PP 72 are based on low-temperature evaporative drying. The shortest residue recovery procedure included in AASHTO PP 72 requires 6 h of conditioning in an oven to dry an emulsion. The ability to recover emulsion residues efficiently is of great interest given the ongoing efforts to develop emulsion performance-graded specifications based on residual binder properties. In this study, a rapid, vacuum drying technology was evaluated for asphalt emulsion residue recovery. The procedure enables the recovery of sufficient residual binder for dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing within 20–40 min. Five emulsions of different classifications were evaluated using both the vacuum drying procedure and the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. The vacuum drying procedure leads to similar water loss to the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. Based on the temperature-frequency sweep and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test results, the vacuum-dried residues are softer and more viscous than residues recovered using the AASHTO PP 72 procedures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to identify if oxidation levels could explain the observed in rheological trends. However, the results suggest no clear trend in the oxidation levels of residues recovered using AASHTO PP 72 compared with the rapid vacuum procedure. Future work is necessary to infer which method best reflects residual binders placed in the field.

Analisa Pengujian Repeatability Timbangan Elektronik dengan Metode Syarat Teknis Timbangan Non Otomatis dan Metode NMI Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Ponco Wali
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repeat Testing ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Technical Requirements

Testing repeat electronic scales with non-automatic scales technical requirements so far is fairly long if not using a calculator or computer. The aim of this research is to compare the repeatability testing method of electronic scales using methods according to the technical requirements of non-automatic scales and the Australian NMI method, both of which refer to OIML R76 in determining the validity or cancellation of electronic scales repeatability testing. This research method is done through repeat testing on 3 samples of electronic scales, then on each electronic scale 2 test methods are performed. The conclusion is that the electronic scales repeatability testing uses the non-automatic scales technical requirements method and the Australian NMI method has some differences although both refer to OIML R76. These differences include several points, namely the charge used, the method of adding additions, the formula for determining electronic scales, and different test results. The Australian NMI method is deemed to make it easier and more time efficient compared to the non-automatic weighing technical requirements method.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Oxide on Zero Shear Viscosity, Fatigue Life and Low-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Binder

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Abbas Mukhtar Adnan ◽  
Chaofeng Lü ◽  
Xue Luo ◽  
Jinchang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zero Shear Viscosity ◽  
Modified Asphalt

This study has investigated the impact of graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the performance properties of an asphalt binder. The control asphalt binder (60/70 PEN) was blended with GO in contents of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The permanent deformation behavior of the modified asphalt binders was evaluated based on the zero shear viscosity (ZSV) parameter through a steady shear test approach. Superpave fatigue test and the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) method were used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of the binders. A bending beam rheometer (BBR) test was conducted to evaluate the low-temperature cracking behavior. Furthermore, the storage stability of the binders was investigated using a separation test. The results of the ZSV test showed that GO considerably enhanced the steady shear viscosity and ZSV value, showing a significant contribution of the GO to the deformation resistance; moreover, GO modification changed the asphalt binder’s behavior from Newtonian to shear-thinning flow. A notable improvement in fatigue life was observed with the addition of GO to the binder based on the LAS test results and Superpave fatigue parameter. The BBR test results revealed that compared to the control asphalt, the GO-modified binders showed lower creep stiffness (S) and higher creep rate (m-value), indicating increased cracking resistance at low temperatures. Finally, the GO-modified asphalt binders exhibited good storage stability under high temperatures.

Shock Test and Acceleration Analysis Methods of Marine Diesel Engines to Underwater Explosions

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Zhao ◽  
Rui Bo Zhang ◽  
De Bin Zhu ◽  
Hong Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shock Test ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Acceleration Analysis

Shock test of marine diesel engine is the important content for ship anti-shock research. Plentiful shock tests of equipments have been carried out abroad, but there is no detailed test methods of diesel engine. According to simulation results, 8-channel acceleration test points are determined. Because diesel engine is working, the measured shock acceleration is interfered by vibration signal. Orthogonal wavelet decomposition and wavelet noise reduction methods are used to separate shock component from test results. The seperated shock component consists of two parts. One is the low-frequency part caused by the shock from diesel foundation and then attenuation through the isolator, the other is the high-frequency part caused by the secondary shock of the retainer.

Application of Small Punch Test to Evaluate Tensile Properties of SA213T22 Grade Boiler Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
M. Venkateswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Small Punch Test ◽  
Small Punch ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Aging Phenomena

Conventional tensile test methods are used for service exposed high temperature boiler tubes to evaluate the deterioration in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation. The mechanical properties are required to be evaluated periodically as the boiler components undergo material degradation due to aging phenomena. The aging phenomena occurs due to continuous exposure of tubes to high temperature & pressure steam prevailing inside the tubes and high temperature exposure to corrosive combustible gases from the external surfaces within the boiler.A recent developed new technique called small punch testing has been used to evaluate the tensile properties of SA 213T22 grade steel predominantly exists in super-heater and re-heater sections of boiler. The small punch tests have been carried out on the miniature disk shaped specimens of diameter of 8.0 mm and 0.5 mm thickness extracted from both the new and service exposed tubes. Conventional uniaxial tensile tests on standard specimens from the same tube material have also been performed for comparison. The service exposed tubes showed considerable loss in mechanical properties in both the conventional and small punch test results. Correlations of tensile properties have been obtained based on the comparative analysis of both small punch and uniaxial tensile test results. Further, the study showed that an appropriate empirical relation could be generated for new and service exposed materials between both the techniques. Conventional test methods require large quantity of material removal for test samples from in-service components whereas small punch test method needs only a miniature sample extraction. This small punch test technique could also be extended to evaluate the thicker section boiler components such as pipelines and headers in the boiler as a part of remaining life assessment study. Also this technique could be a useful tool to any metallic component where large quantity of sample removal may be difficult or may not be feasible.

Inter-Bolt Variability of Cotton Duck #4 and the Effects on Cigarette Ignition Propensity Test Outcome

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jupe ◽  
Donald K. Shipley ◽  
William Z. Hudson ◽  
Joseph T. Wanna ◽  
Linda C. Greear
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ignition Propensity

Two bolts of cotton duck fabric that meet military specifications and the purchasing guidelines described by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for use as a substrate in "Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings" were tested with smoldering cigarettes to determine the effect of inter-bolt variations on cigarette ignition propensity test outcome. The test was designed around an ASTM method that calls for the control of all known test variables, except for those inherent to the fabric's manufacture. The ignitability of each fabric was determined by testing two sets of 48 replications for each of two experimental cigarettes. The two bolts of cotton duck fabric showed a statistically significant difference in ignitions, independent of environmental and experimental fac tors. Two additional bolts of cotton duck #4 were analyzed. Cigarette ignition test results and the physical parameters of the additional bolts offer evidence that the NIST specifications are difficult to meet and further that test results are extremely sensitive to fabric properties.

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