Mechanics-Based Acceleration Modeling of Multilane Traffic Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 2622 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Fangliang Chen ◽  
Huiming Yin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Safety Consideration ◽  
Force Element

Inspired by the similarity between vehicle interactions and particle interactions, a mechanical system with force elements is introduced to simulate a vehicle’s acceleration behavior in a multilane traffic flow. On the basis of Newton’s second law of motion, a subject vehicle’s longitudinal behavior is simulated with the interaction force induced by the neighboring vehicles and the driver’s driving preference. Five important factors—( a) subject vehicle’s speed, ( b) acceleration sensitivity, ( c) safety consideration, ( d) relative speed sensitivity, and ( e) gap-reducing desire—are considered; each is modeled by a force element. A recently developed data collection system is used to capture the testing driver’s acceleration behavior; the model parameters are calibrated with the traveler’s driving behavior. To demonstrate the present model, a microscopic simulation program was developed with MATLAB. The simulated trajectories not only describe a driver’s acceleration behavior in common scenarios but also accurately present complex, high-order behavior during multifaceted scenarios, such as lane changing or lead gap changing. The present model can be applied to single-lane and multilane car-following scenarios with the same algorithm.

Simulation of Freeway Weaving Areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 1802 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Skabardonis
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
Parameter Values

The operation of freeway weaving sections is characterized by intense lane-changing maneuvers and complex vehicle interactions that often create bottlenecks along freeway facilities. The CORSIM microscopic simulation model was applied to simulate the operation of eight realworld weaving sites in California under a wide range of operating conditions. The results indicate that CORSIM with default parameter values underpredicts the speeds in the weaving section by about 19% on average. Numerous simulation runs were made with different values of the model parameters. The following parameters were found to significantly affect the CORSIM results: ( a) car-following sensitivity factor, ( b) lane-changing aggressiveness factor, and ( c) percentage of freeway through vehicles that yield to merging traffic. The calibrated CORSIM model reasonably replicated observed traffic operations at all test sites. The predicted average speeds were within ±5 mph for most test sites. Good agreement between measured and predicted values was obtained for all the combinations of design characteristics and demand patterns.

Multiregime Approach for Microscopic Traffic Simulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1644 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
Larry E. Owen ◽  
James E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Real World ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Traffic Modeling ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

The purpose of this paper is to explore various traffic modeling aspects and theories that may overcome some of the limitations in existing microscopic simulation models. A multiregime microscopic traffic simulation approach has been formulated featuring realistic and comprehensive carfollowing and lane-changing logic. A prototype implementation of the multiregime approach was developed in C++ and extensively tested. The multiregime simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed models for a broad range of traffic scenarios. The test and validation results indicate that the model and program outperformed traditional methods and other existing traffic simulation programs. The validity and efficiency of the model is attributed to the fact that the regimes were added to the model incrementally to reflect increasing agreement with real-world traffic flow. The techniques and corresponding models will be used to improve existing microscopic traffic simulation models and programs.

Macroscopic modeling for traffic flow on three-lane highways

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1550127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Chen ◽  
Yuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Rarefaction Waves ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Macroscopic Modeling ◽  
Continuity Equations ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Real Traffic ◽  
Inversion Phenomenon

In this paper, a macroscopic traffic flow model for three-lane highways is proposed. The model is an extension of the speed gradient model by taking into account the lane changing. The new source and sink terms of lane change rate are added into the continuity equations and the speed dynamic equations to describe the lane-changing behavior. The result of the steady state analysis shows that our model can describe the lane usage inversion phenomenon. The numerical results demonstrate that the present model effectively reproduces several traffic phenomena observed in real traffic such as shock and rarefaction waves, stop-and-go waves and local clusters.

scholarly journals Modelling of Driver and Pedestrian Behaviour – A Historical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-745
Author(s):  
Karlo Babojelić ◽  
Luka Novacko
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Behaviour Models

Driver and pedestrian behaviour significantly affect the safety and the flow of traffic at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The driver behaviour models describe the driver decisions made in different traffic flow conditions. Modelling the pedestrian behaviour plays an essential role in the analysis of pedestrian flows in the areas such as public transit terminals, pedestrian zones, evacuations, etc. Driver behaviour models, integrated into simulation tools, can be divided into car-following models and lane-changing models. The simulation tools are used to replicate traffic flows and infer certain regularities. Particular model parameters must be appropriately calibrated to approximate the realistic traffic flow conditions. This paper describes the existing car-following models, lane-changing models, and pedestrian behaviour models. Further, it underlines the importance of calibrating the parameters of microsimulation models to replicate realistic traffic flow conditions and sets the guidelines for future research related to the development of new models and the improvement of the existing ones.

scholarly journals Determining Appropriate Lane-Changing Spacing for Off-Ramp Areas of Urban Expressways

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhufei Huang ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Haijian Li ◽  
Lingqiao Qin ◽  
Jian Rong
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Spacing Interval ◽  
Road Geometry

Congestion has become a significant issue in recent years and has greatly affected the efficiency of urban traffic operation. Random and disorderly lane-changing behavior greatly reduces traffic capacity and safety. This paper is mainly concerned with the relationship of lane-changing spacing intervals provided by off-ramp facilities and traffic flow conditions. Through field investigations in Beijing, several typical lane-changing behaviors at off-ramp areas are analyzed. By using field traffic data and actual road geometry parameters, VISSIM-based micro-behavior simulations at off-ramp areas are implemented to obtain traffic flow conditions with different lane-changing spacing intervals and other model parameters, such as traffic volume and ratio of off-ramp vehicles. Then, the numerical relationships between traffic flow state and model parameters can be shown. The results show that with increasing traffic volume and the ratio of off-ramp vehicles, the lane-changing spacing interval required by vehicles should be increased. For the same ratio of off-ramp vehicles, if the traffic volume increases by 100 pcu/h/lane (pcu is a unit to stand for a standard passenger car), the corresponding lane-changing spacing interval should be increased by a spacing of 50–100 m to avoid increasing congestion. Based on the results of this paper, smart lane management can be implemented by optimizing lane-changing spacing intervals and lane-changing behaviors to improve traffic capacity.

Model and Stability of the Traffic Flow Consisting of Heterogeneous Drivers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yang ◽  
Liling Zhu ◽  
Yun Pu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Stability Functions ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Traffic Wave ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Stationary Velocity

Although traffic flow has attracted a great amount of attention in past decades, few of the studies focused on heterogeneous traffic flow consisting of different types of drivers or vehicles. This paper attempts to investigate the model and stability analysis of the heterogeneous traffic flow, including drivers with different characteristics. The two critical characteristics of drivers, sensitivity and cautiousness, are taken into account, which produce four types of drivers: the sensitive and cautious driver (S-C), the sensitive and incautious driver (S-IC), the insensitive and cautious driver (IS-C), and the insensitive and incautious driver (IS-IC). The homogeneous optimal velocity car-following model is developed into a heterogeneous form to describe the heterogeneous traffic flow, including the four types of drivers. The stability criterion of the heterogeneous traffic flow is derived, which shows that the proportions of the four types of drivers and their stability functions only relating to model parameters are two critical factors to affect the stability. Numerical simulations are also conducted to verify the derived stability condition and further explore the influences of the driver characteristics on the heterogeneous traffic flow. The simulations reveal that the IS-IC drivers are always the most unstable drivers, the S-C drivers are always the most stable drivers, and the stability effects of the IS-C and the S-IC drivers depend on the stationary velocity. The simulations also indicate that a wider extent of the driver heterogeneity can attenuate the traffic wave.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF LANE CHANGING ON TRAFFIC-FLOW DYNAMICS BASED ON THE CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINJI KUKIDA ◽  
JUN TANIMOTO ◽  
AYA HAGISHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Open Boundary Condition ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Conventional Models

Many cellular automaton models (CA models) have been applied to analyze traffic flow. When analyzing multilane traffic flow, it is important how we define lane-changing rules. However, conventional models have used simple lane-changing rules that are dependent only on the distance from neighboring vehicles. We propose a new lane-changing rule considering velocity differences with neighboring vehicles; in addition, we embed the rules into a variant of the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) model, called the S-NFS model, by considering an open boundary condition. Using numerical simulations, we clarify the basic characteristics resulting from different assumptions with respect to lane changing.

Modeling of cooperative adaptive cruise control vehicle and its effect on traffic flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250022
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Chen ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Huan Liang ◽  
Zekai Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

In this paper, an improved multianticipative cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) model is proposed based on fully utilizing multivehicle information obtained by vehicle-to-vehicle communication. More flexible, effective and practical spacing strategy is embedded into the model. We design a new lane-changing rule for CACC vehicles on the freeway. The rule considers that CACC vehicles are more inclined to form a platoon for coordinated control. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of CACC vehicles on two-lane traffic flow. The results demonstrate that introducing CACC vehicles into mixed traffic and forming CACC platoon to cooperative control can improve traffic efficiency and enhance road capacity to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Information from Vehicles beyond Nearest Vehicle Ahead for Traffic Flow

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hikaru Shimizu ◽  
Sho Nishiyama ◽  
Yukiko Wakita ◽  
Eisuke Kita
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Traffic Flow Simulation ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration

A driver usually controls the vehicle according to only the information from the nearest leader vehicle. If the information from the other leader vehicles is also available, the driver can control the vehicle more adequately. The aim of this study is to discuss the effectiveness of the information from the other leader vehicles than the nearest one for the traffic flow. For this purpose, the traffic flow is modeled by using the Chandler-type multi-vehicle-following model. This model changes the vehicle acceleration rate according to the velocity differences between the vehicle and its multileader vehicles. After the model stability analysis, the traffic flow simulation is performed. The results reveal that the stable region of the model parameters expands according to the increase of the number of the leader vehicles.

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