Use of Microsimulation to Evaluate Signal-Phasing Schemes at Diverging Diamond Interchanges

2017 ◽  
Vol 2620 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Warchol ◽  
Thomas Chase ◽  
Christopher Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Initial Signal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diamond Interchanges ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Dynamic Bandwidth ◽  
Critical Movement

Even though diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) have been the subject of research for more than a decade, the effort to standardize interchange signal timing has developed only recently. A three-factor fully crossed experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of crossover spacing and increased volumes on the performance of DDI phasing schemes. PTV Vistro software and the dynamic bandwidth assessment tool were used to optimize the split, cycle length, and offset of each of the 72 treatments. PTV Vissim software was used to collect microsimulation data. Mean interchange delay and mean stops per vehicle were selected as measures of effectiveness. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine whether an existing preferred phasing scheme could minimize delays or stops under three cases: ( a) given spacing and increased volume, ( b) given volume independent of spacing, and ( c) given spacing independent of increased volume. The data revealed that a two- or three-critical-movement phasing scheme usually resulted in the lowest mean interchange delay and the fewest stops. Overall, the results provide an initial signal timing scheme for practitioners given a crossover spacing, an increased volume, or both. Future work will include exploring low volumes, balanced interchange volumes, and their effects on the four-critical-movement phasing scheme, as well as the effect of closely spaced adjacent intersections.

Construction of an Achievement Test in General Science for Class IX Based on NCERT Syllabus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailendra Bhuyan ◽  
Punita Borpuzari Deori
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
General Science ◽  
School Students ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Teaching Learning

Achievement test is of very important assessment tool to evaluate the student’s current level of knowledge and skill acquired from classroom instruction. This test is designed to evaluate the student’s level of achievement in a particular subject for a particular class prescribed under the board or the university. In other words, to assess how much the pupils have achieved the educational objectives in teaching learning process at the end of the course and if achieved then to what extent, it has been achieved. Achievement tests are proved to be very helpful in various ways to the people who are involved in the field of education such as the teachers, the administrators, the planners, to the parents as well as for the students. The teacher very carefully develops and conduct achievement test in the class which enable the teacher to get an overall idea of the progress or the level of achievement of his students in the subject area. The teacher can determine the pupil’s strength and weakness in the subject area. So, based on this the teacher can take necessary remedial instructional strategies for the betterment of the pupil’s progress. In the same time, it also provides feedback for the teaching efficiency of the teacher.As with the time changes there have been many educational reforms taken place and in between syllabus had also been changed under different Boards of Studies. In order to maintain uniform standard of education the Government has formulated a policy to implement NCERT syllabus common to all School Boards throughout the country and accordingly the State Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) follow NCERT syllabus and to evaluate students’ achievement in terms of the policy formulated by the Board. Till now, no any standardized achievement test has been conducted for the secondary school students of Assam. Therefore, the investigators felt to construct and standardize an achievement test in the subject General Science which will definitely help in educational research.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor impairment from a new analog of spaceflight-altered neurovestibular cues

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Jordan B. Dixon ◽  
Torin K. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Head Tilt ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sensorimotor Impairment ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Sensorimotor Performance

Exposure to microgravity during spaceflight causes central reinterpretations of orientation sensory cues in astronauts, leading to sensorimotor impairment upon return to Earth. Currently there is no ground-based analog for the neurovestibular system relevant to spaceflight. We propose such an analog, which we term the “wheelchair head-immobilization paradigm” (WHIP). Subjects lie on their side on a bed fixed to a modified electric wheelchair, with their head restrained by a custom facemask. WHIP prevents any head tilt relative to gravity, which normally produces coupled stimulation to the otoliths and semicircular canals, but does not occur in microgravity. Decoupled stimulation is produced through translation and rotation on the wheelchair by the subject using a joystick. Following 12 h of WHIP exposure, subjects systematically felt illusory sensations of self-motion when making head tilts and had significant decrements in balance and locomotion function using tasks similar to those assessed in astronauts postspaceflight. These effects were not observed in our control groups without head restraint, suggesting the altered neurovestibular stimulation patterns experienced in WHIP lead to relevant central reinterpretations. We conclude by discussing the findings in light of postspaceflight sensorimotor impairment, WHIP’s uses beyond a spaceflight analog, limitations, and future work. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We propose, implement, and demonstrate the feasibility of a new analog for spaceflight-altered neurovestibular stimulation. Following extended exposure to the analog, we found subjects reported illusory self-motion perception. Furthermore, they demonstrated decrements in balance and locomotion, using tasks similar to those used to assess astronaut sensorimotor performance postspaceflight.

A Program for an Investigation of the Rudder-Torque Problem

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Karl E. Schoenherr
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Marine Engineers

Panel H-10 (Controllability) of The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Technical and Research Program was requested to undertake an investigation of existing uncertainties in pre-calculating rudder torque and lateral force. In order to become quickly familiar with the subject and prospects therein, the Panel commissioned the author of this paper to survey the status of current knowledge of the subject and prepare a report of the findings. In particular, this report was to identify the most promising approaches for future work leading to an ultimate solution of the problem and to include technical descriptions of proposed programs for an exhaustive investigation, all of which are discussed in this paper.

Application of Fuzzy Numbers to Assessment Processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 3215-3225
Author(s):  
Michael Voskoglou
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fuzzy Assessment ◽  
Classical Arithmetic

A Fuzzy Number (FN) is a special kind of FS on the set R of real numbers. The four classical arithmetic operations can be defined on FNs, which play an important role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in crisp mathematics (Kaufmann & Gupta, 1991). The simplest form of FNs is the Triangular FNs (TFNs), while the Trapezoidal FNs (TpFNs) are straightforward generalizations of the TFNs. In the present work a combination of the COG defuzzification technique and of the TFNs (or TpFNs) is used as an assessment tool. Examples of assessing student problem-solving abilities and basket-ball player skills are also presented illustrating in practice the results obtained. This new fuzzy assessment method is validated by comparing its outcomes in the above examples with the corresponding outcomes of two commonly used assessment methods of the traditional logic, the calculation of the mean values and of the Grade Point Average (GPA) index. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the subject are discussed.

Application of Fuzzy Numbers to Assessment Processes

2019 ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Michael Voskoglou
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Basketball Player ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fuzzy Assessment ◽  
Classical Arithmetic

A fuzzy number (FN) is a special kind of FS on the set R of real numbers. The four classical arithmetic operations can be defined on FNs, which play an important role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in crisp mathematics. The simplest form of FNs is the triangular FNs (TFNs), while the trapezoidal FNs (TpFNs) are straightforward generalizations of the TFNs. In the chapter, a combination of the COG defuzzification technique and of the TFNs (or TpFNs) is used as an assessment tool. Examples of assessing student problem-solving abilities and basketball player skills are also presented illustrating in practice the results obtained. This new fuzzy assessment method is validated by comparing its outcomes in the above examples with the corresponding outcomes of two commonly used assessment methods of the traditional logic, the calculation of the mean values, and of the grade point average (GPA) index. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the subject are discussed.

scholarly journals Land Use/Cover Change Effects on River Basin Hydrological Processes Based on a Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China’s Arid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yanxiang Jin ◽  
Xufeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increasing Trends

Land use/cover change (LUCC) affects canopy interception, soil infiltration, land-surface evapotranspiration (ET), and other hydrological parameters during rainfall, which in turn affects the hydrological regimes and runoff mechanisms of river basins. Physically based distributed (or semi-distributed) models play an important role in interpreting and predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins. However, conventional distributed (or semi-distributed) models, such as the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), generally assume that no LUCC takes place during the simulation period to simplify the computation process. When applying the SWAT, the subject river basin is subdivided into multiple hydrologic response units (HRUs) based on the land use/cover type, soil type, and surface slope. The land use/cover type is assumed to remain constant throughout the simulation period, which limits the ability to interpret and predict the effects of LUCC on hydrological processes in the subject river basin. To overcome this limitation, a modified SWAT (LU-SWAT) was developed that incorporates annual land use/cover data to simulate LUCC effects on hydrological processes under different climatic conditions. To validate this approach, this modified model and two other models (one model based on the 2000 land use map, called SWAT 1; one model based on the 2009 land use map, called SWAT 2) were applied to the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwest China; this region is most affected by human activity. Study results indicated that from 1990 to 2009, farmland, forest, and urban areas all showed increasing trends, while grassland and bare land areas showed decreasing trends. Primary land use changes in the study area were from grassland to farmland and from bare land to forest. During this same period, surface runoff, groundwater runoff, and total water yield showed decreasing trends, while lateral flow and ET volume showed increasing trends under dry, wet, and normal conditions. Changes in the various hydrological parameters were most evident under dry and normal climatic conditions. Based on the existing research of the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and a comparison of the other two models from this study, the modified LU-SWAT developed in this study outperformed the conventional SWAT when predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins.

scholarly journals Investigating Items to Improve the Validity of the Five-Item Healthy Eating Score Compared with the 2015 Healthy Eating Index in a Military Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Shams-White ◽  
Kenneth Chui ◽  
Patricia Deuster ◽  
Nicola McKeown ◽  
Aviva Must
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Serving Sizes ◽  
Future Work

Military researchers utilize a five-item healthy eating score (HES-5) in the Global Assessment Tool (GAT) questionnaire to quickly assess the overall diet quality of military personnel. This study aimed to modify the HES-5 to improve its validity relative to the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) in active duty military personnel (n = 333). A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI-2015 scores and to assess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in 8-oz (SSB-8) and 12-oz servings. GAT nutrition questions were used to calculate HES-5 scores and capture breakfast and post-exercise recovery fueling snack (RFsnack) frequencies. Two scoring options were considered for the highest RFsnack category: “4” vs. “5” (RFsnack-5). Potential candidates were added alone and in combination to the HES-5 and compared to the HEI-2015 with a Pearson correlation coefficient. Scores with the highest correlations were compared via a z-score equation to identify the simplest modification to the HES-5. Correlations between HES-5 and HEI-2015 scores in total participants, males, and females were 0.41, 0.45 and 0.32, respectively. Correlations were most significantly improved in total participants by adding RFsnack-5, SSB-8, RFsnack-5 + SSB-8, and RFsnack-5 + SSB-8 + breakfast, though the addition of SSB-8 + RFsnack-5 performed best (r = 0.53). Future work should consider scoring mechanisms, serving sizes, and question wording.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a VERT-based module for proton radiotherapy education and training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amber Rabus ◽  
Mike C. Kirby ◽  
Laura Nasole ◽  
Pete Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Session ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dose Deposition ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Introduction: In many countries, there is a skills gap in proton therapy with many staff unprepared to work with the new technology. The new Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) proton module provides learners with a simulated proton machine 3D environment. This project aimed to evaluate the role of VERT in training the radiotherapy workforce for the future use of protons. Methods: A practical teaching session using VERT was deployed after a traditional teaching session had provided basic knowledge. A questionnaire deployed before and after VERT enabled comparison of knowledge while a combination of Likert and open questions gathered participant feedback concerning the initiative. Results: A total of 38 students provided evaluation of the session. Overall, there were high levels of satisfaction and enjoyment with 35 participants reporting enjoyment and 36 indicating that the event be repeated. Discussion: Participants felt that they had learned from the experience, although quantitative data lacked statistical significance to demonstrate this. All participants agreed that VERT had provided improved understanding of proton dose deposition arising from visualisation of beams and dose deposition. Most participants agreed that the simulation was realistic and that it had improved their understanding. Feedback in relation to future sessions concerned smaller group sizes, more patient cases, more time and additional clinical datasets. Conclusion: A proton simulation module has been shown to be an enjoyable teaching tool that improves students’ confidence in their knowledge of the underpinning theory and clinical usage of the modality. Learners felt better prepared to encounter protons in clinical practice. Future work will build on these findings using smaller group work and a more robust assessment tool to identify long-term impact of the training.

Lax and Dense-Eared Wheats

1914 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-386
Author(s):  
W. H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Character ◽  
General Importance ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work

The present paper is written with no pretence at finality, and consequently some excuse is due for its publication at the present time. The author was induced to write it since the results so far obtained by him do not seem to agree, in all points, with the work previously done on the subject, and tend to show that there is much scope for future work both on this matter and also on a matter of much greater general importance, namely, on the influence of external conditions on a quantitative character.

scholarly journals Mid-Cretaceous acanthomorph fishes with the description of a new species from the Turonian of Lac des Bois, Northwest Territories, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Cretaceous Deposits

A single specimen of a new acanthomorph fish is described from a Turonian locality sampling the northern part of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. This brings to three the number of acanthomorphs from Lac des Bois, Northwest Territories, Canada. The previously named acanthomorph, Boreiohydrias dayi (Boriohydriidae), was placed in the Polymixiiformes. The second, represented by a poorly preserved fish, was left unnamed and incertae sedis in Acanthomorpha. The new one described here, Cumbaaichthys oxyrhynchus gen. et sp. nov. cannot be easily placed in any previously described families. This fish is placed in the Polymixiiformes based on the caudal skeleton having 18 principal rays (16 branched), and having a full neural spine on the second preural centrum. Polymixiiform relationships are not well established but they are the subject of several current studies; therefore, the new acanthomorph is placed incertae sedis within this order but with the understanding that this placement may be refined with future work. Previous studies have suggested that acanthomorphs may have flourished with warming climates of the Cenomanian–Turonian. A comprehensive survey of named acanthomorphs from mid-Cretaceous deposits shows there are more species known from the Cenomanian rather than the Turonian, although this may be biased by the age of known fossiliferous deposits.

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