Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2606 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M. Clements ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Pain And Suffering

Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, traffic police, medical, insurance, and legal services. CAVs will also lead to new methods for managing travel demand and the repurposing of curbside and off-street parking and will generate major savings from productivity gains during hands-free travel and reduction of pain and suffering costs from crashes. If CAVs eventually capture a large share of the automotive market, they are estimated to have economic impacts of $1.2 trillion or $3,800 per American per year. This paper presents important considerations for CAVs’ overall effects and quantifies those impacts.

scholarly journals Model Contrast of Autonomous Vehicle Impacts on Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Derek Hungness ◽  
Raj Bridgelall
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits

The adoption of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is in its infancy. Therefore, very little is known about their potential impacts on traffic. Meanwhile, researchers and market analysts predict a wide range of possibilities about their potential benefits and the timing of their deployments. Planners traditionally use various types of travel demand models to forecast future traffic conditions. However, such models do not yet integrate any expected impacts from CAV deployments. Consequently, many long-range transportation plans do not yet account for their eventual deployment. To address some of these uncertainties, this work modified an existing model for Madison, Wisconsin. To compare outcomes, the authors used identical parameter changes and simulation scenarios for a model of Gainesville, Florida. Both models show that with increasing levels of CAV deployment, both the vehicle miles traveled and the average congestion speed will increase. However, there are some important exceptions due to differences in the road network layout, geospatial features, sociodemographic factors, land-use, and access to transit.

scholarly journals Assessment of Social Acceptance for Autonomous Vehicles in Southeastern Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5778
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dudziak ◽  
Monika Stoma ◽  
Andrzej Kuranc ◽  
Jacek Caban
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The Impact

New technologies reaching out for meeting the needs of an aging population in developed countries have given rise to the development and gradual implementation of the concept of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and have even made it a necessity and an important business paradigm. However, in parallel, there is a discussion about consumer preferences and the willingness to pay for new car technologies and intelligent vehicle options. The main aim of the study was to analyze the impact of selected factors on the perception of the future of autonomous cars by respondents from the area of Southeastern Poland in terms of a comparison with traditional cars, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of this concept. The research presented in this study was conducted in 2019 among a group of 579 respondents. Data analysis made it possible to identify potential advantages and disadvantages of the concept of introducing autonomous cars. A positive result of the survey is that 68% of respondents stated that AV will be gradually introduced to our market, which confirms the high acceptance of this technology by Poles. The obtained research results may be valuable information for governmental and local authorities, but also for car manufacturers and their future users. It is an important issue in the area of shaping the strategy of actions concerning further directions of development on the automotive market.

YouTube as a Source of Information in Understanding Autonomous Vehicle Consumers: Natural Language Processing Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 242-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subasish Das ◽  
Anandi Dutta ◽  
Tomas Lindheimer ◽  
Mohammad Jalayer ◽  
Zachary Elgart
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Automation Level

The automotive industry is currently experiencing a revolution with the advent and deployment of autonomous vehicles. Several countries are conducting large-scale testing of autonomous vehicles on private and even public roads. It is important to examine the attitudes and potential concerns of end users towards autonomous cars before mass deployment. To facilitate the transition to autonomous vehicles, the automotive industry produces many videos on its products and technologies. The largest video sharing website, YouTube.com, hosts many videos on autonomous vehicle technology. Content analysis and text mining of the comments related to the videos with large numbers of views can provide insight about potential end-user feedback. This study examines two questions: first, how do people view autonomous vehicles? Second, what polarities exist regarding (a) content and (b) automation level? The researchers found 107 videos on YouTube using a related keyword search and examined comments on the 15 most-viewed videos, which had a total of 60.9 million views and around 25,000 comments. The videos were manually clustered based on their content and automation level. This study used two natural language processing (NLP) tools to perform knowledge discovery from a bag of approximately seven million words. The key issues in the comment threads were mostly associated with efficiency, performance, trust, comfort, and safety. The perception of safety and risk increased in the textual contents when videos presented full automation level. Sentiment analysis shows mixed sentiments towards autonomous vehicle technologies, however, the positive sentiments were higher than the negative.

Examining the Equity Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles: A Travel Demand Model Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cohn ◽  
Richard Ezike ◽  
Jeremy Martin ◽  
Kwasi Donkor ◽  
Matthew Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Travel Demand Model

As investments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology continue to grow, agencies are beginning to consider how AVs will affect travel behavior within their jurisdictions and how to respond to this new mobility technology. Different autonomous futures could reduce, perpetuate, or exacerbate existing transportation inequities. This paper presents a regional travel demand model used to quantify how transportation outcomes may differ for disadvantaged populations in the Washington, D.C. area under a variety of future scenarios. Transportation performance measures examined included job accessibility, trip duration, trip distance, mode share, and vehicle miles traveled. The model evaluated changes in these indicators for disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged communities under scenarios when AVs were primarily single-occupancy or high-occupancy, and according to whether transit agencies responded to AVs by maintaining the status quo, removing low-performing routes, or applying AV technology to transit vehicles. Across the performance measures, the high-occupancy AV and enhanced transit scenarios provided an equity benefit, either mitigating an existing gap in outcomes between demographic groups or reducing the extent to which that gap was expanded.

Current Developments in Autonomous Vehicle Policy in the United States: Federalism’s Influence in State and National Regulatory Law and Policy

Global Jurist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Salatiello ◽  
Troy B. Felver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Regulatory Law ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Abstract With the advent of autonomous vehicles, especially self-driving cars, there is great promise for society. However, cars are not islands; they operate in a community of vehicles. Laws and regulations are crafted to allow the maximum benefit for the community while imposing the fewest costs. Unfortunately, a full accounting of these benefits and costs is not entirely clear at promulgation. Because the technologies and how they will be used are so uncertain, regulatory bodies have to try to build on what they have done in the past, sometimes successfully and sometimes unevenly. This paper will examine several regulatory attempts involving these new technologies in the United States, both on the federal and state levels. Also considered will be the interaction of these regulations under a federal system with defined and specific responsibilities for both sovereigns. A view on future developments is provided to gauge the directions additional regulation could take. Finally, generalizable lessons from this approached will be summarized.

scholarly journals The Convolution Addressing the Conundrum of Liability and Privacy in the Age of Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarushi Kapoor ◽  
Khushi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Framework

The Automotive Industry has registered an impeccable growth rate since the adoption of autonomous vehicles by vehicle manufacturers in their high-end models. These fully autonomous vehicles are poised to replace the traditional human driver. Hence, the whole set of laws defining liability in the event of an accident involving a vehicle have to be reformed. An autonomous vehicle being sued in lieu of a human driver, would be impractical. With the accidents involving autonomous vehicles increasing, newly minted laws like that of Michigan Harbor Lacunas are forming to address the question of liability and as a consequence of which the innocent (the manufacturer in so many cases) is held absolutely liable, despite his pleading defense. Such a harsh stance is unhealthy for the development of technology. Apart from the conundrum surrounding liability there are other dimensions which are equally unaddressed when it comes to automation. These autonomous vehicles rely on data, thereby adding to the vulnerability of protection of an individual’s privacy. These brimming chaos are likely to hamper the aggrandizement of technology and subsequent protection of commercial interests.This Article is an attempt to comprehensively analyze the uncertainty surrounding the questions of liability and privacy protection for autonomous vehicles. It takes into account the technology friendly interpretation of law, which will balance the diametrically opposite variables. It draws the laws from the existing set of principles available. Further, it proposes a new framework eliminate obscurity and concludes on a positive note with recommendations which are likely to accentuate the effectiveness of the current laws and lay down a steppingstone for the future development of laws.

scholarly journals A future without drivers? Comparing users', urban planners' and developers' assumptions, hopes, and concerns about autonomous vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Strömberg ◽  
Érika Martins Silva Ramos ◽  
MariAnne Karlsson ◽  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Fredrick Ekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
The City ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Abstract Aim This study identifies and compares perceptions of autonomous vehicle (AV) implementation among three Swedish stakeholder groups: Future Users, Urban Planners, and Developers. Method Semi-structured comparative focus groups were conducted separately with each of the three groups of stakeholders and the transcripts were analysed in broad themes using thematic analysis. Results Assumptions, hopes, concerns, and direction of development were the main themes that emerged from the analysis. Assumptions included electrification of vehicles, changes in travel demand, and the need for regulations; Hopes included the idea that AVs will contribute to a more accessible and safer transport system; Concerns included overtrust in AV technology, a possible detrimental impact on the city in the form of congestion and higher demand for investments in infrastructure that could outcompete other modes of transport; and Direction of development and their own role, where the need for collaboration between stakeholders and implementation of AVs in connection with society’s needs were emphasised. Conclusions AVs were seen to lead to both positive and negative consequences depending on implementation and the development of society. The study shows that dialogue between different stakeholders is lacking but it is desired for the inclusive implementation of AVs.

scholarly journals Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Norman Lamprecht ◽  
Aletta Sophia Tolmay
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020.  However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale.  Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.

scholarly journals Shared Autonomous Vehicles Effect on Vehicle-Km Traveled and Average Trip Duration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana T. Moreno ◽  
Andrzej Michalski ◽  
Carlos Llorca ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact

Intermediate modes of transport, such as shared vehicles or ride sharing, are starting to increase their market share at the expense of traditional modes of car, public transport, and taxi. In the advent of autonomous vehicles, single occupancy shared vehicles are expected to substitute at least in part private conventional vehicle trips. The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of shared autonomous vehicles on average trip duration and vehicle-km traveled in a large metropolitan area. A stated preference online survey was designed to gather data on the willingness to use shared autonomous vehicles. Then, commute trips and home-based other trips were generated microscopically for a synthetic population in the greater Munich metropolitan area. Individuals who traveled by auto were selected to switch from a conventional vehicle to a shared autonomous vehicle subject to their willingness to use them. The effect of shared autonomous vehicles on urban mobility was assessed through traffic simulations in MATSim with a varying autonomous taxi fleet size. The results indicated that the total traveled distance increased by up to 8% after autonomous fleets were introduced. Current travel demand can still be satisfied with an acceptable waiting time when 10 conventional vehicles are replaced with 4 shared autonomous vehicles.

The Proximity of Other Skins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Parreñas Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
The Voice

Transnational films representing intimacy and inequality disrupt and disgust Western spectators. When wounded bodies within poverty entangle with healthy wealthy bodies in sex, romance and care, fear and hatred combine with desire and fetishism. Works from the Philippines, South Korea, and independents from the United States and France may not be made for the West and may not make use of Hollywood traditions. Rather, they demand recognition for the knowledge they produce beyond our existing frames. They challenge us to go beyond passive consumption, or introspection of ourselves as spectators, for they represent new ways of world-making we cannot unsee, unhear, or unfeel. The spectator is redirected to go beyond the rapture of consuming the other to the rupture that arises from witnessing pain and suffering. Self-displacement is what proximity to intimate inequality in cinema ultimately compels and demands so as to establish an ethical way of relating to others. In undoing the spectator, the voice of the transnational filmmaker emerges. Not only do we need to listen to filmmakers from outside Hollywood who unflinchingly engage the inexpressibility of difference, we need to make room for critics and theorists who prioritize the subjectivities of others. When the demographics of filmmakers and film scholars are not as diverse as its spectators, films narrow our worldviews. To recognize our culpability in the denigration of others unleashes the power of cinema. The unbearability of stories we don’t want to watch and don’t want to feel must be borne.

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