Decision Tree for Postflooding Roadway Operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2604 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaning Qiao ◽  
Ricardo A. Medina ◽  
Leslie Myers McCarthy ◽  
Rajib B. Mallick ◽  
Jo Sias Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
High Water ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
The Road ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
The One

When a pavement is flooded, transportation agencies are faced with the decision to leave the road open or close it to traffic. On the one hand, agencies may want to keep the road open and prioritize connectivity if the road serves a critical economic purpose for a region. On the other hand, agencies may choose to close the road to prevent additional structural damage (which may incur significant repair costs) because of high water content in (or even saturation of) the subgrade. Nondestructive testing (NDT) tools such as the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) can be applied to assist decision makers by facilitating a more reliable evaluation of the structural condition of the pavement. Reliable decision making ought to incorporate inherent uncertainties in the process, including the structural state of the pavement after flooding, as well as the reliability of FWD testing and variability in costs. This paper presents a method that uses a Bayesian decision tree approach for highway emergency operations after flooding. Uncertainties in the structural state of the pavement after flooding, NDT, and costs are addressed with Monte Carlo simulations. A case study of a flooded roadway section in North Dakota demonstrated this approach: user delay costs caused by closure of the roadway were explicitly considered. The results of the decision tree analysis provide objective recommendations about opening or closing a road after flooding, as well as whether FWD testing of the flooded road should be conducted once the water recedes.

Experimental Evaluation Concerning Effect of Drainage and Reinforcement of Sandwich Reinforcement Fill Method with Centrifugal Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 3125-3128
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Sandwich Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Centrifugal Model ◽  
Effective Use

Recently, the effective use promotion of the low quality soil is requested as a social request. Because the number of construction generation soils has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to use even cohesive soils, which are high water content and volcanic like andosol that has not been used up to now. The low quality soil is expected making a high fill become possible by using it by reinforcement material together with Sandwich method that has giving of shear strength and drainage functions. In this study, it experimented with centrifuge load model test on reinforcement fill by sandwich method. And, it is the one to understand the effect of drainage and reinforcement of that change in soil pressure etc.

scholarly journals Development of Water-in-Oil Emulsions as Delivery Vehicles and Testing with a Natural Antimicrobial Extract

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Giovana Colucci ◽  
Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart ◽  
Samara C. Silva ◽  
Isabel P. M. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline C. Sipoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tween 80 ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions have high potential for several industrial areas as delivery systems of hydrophilic compounds. In general, they are less studied than oil-in-water (O/W) systems, namely in what concerns the so-called fluid systems, partly due to problems of instability. In this context, this work aimed to produce stable W/O emulsions from a natural oil, sweet almond oil, to be further tested as vehicles of natural hydrophilic extracts, here exemplified with an aqueous cinnamon extract. Firstly, a base W/O emulsion using a high-water content (40/60, v/v) was developed by testing different mixtures of emulsifiers, namely Tween 80 combined with Span 80 or Span 85 at different contents. Among the tested systems, the one using a 54/46 (v/v) Span 80/Tween 80 mixture, and subjected to 12 high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) cycles, revealed to be stable up to 6 months, being chosen for the subsequent functionalization tests with cinnamon extract (1.25–5%; w/v; water-basis). The presence of cinnamon extract leaded to changes in the microstructure as well as in the stability. The antimicrobial and antioxidant analysis were evidenced, and a sustained behavior compatible with an extract distribution within the two phases, oil and water, in particular for the higher extract concentration, was observed.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Material Reuse Analysis: Filling the Road Subgrade with Riverway Silt and Sediment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhou Wang ◽  
Liying Kong ◽  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Hongyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Abstract This study proposes to explore solid waste material (SWM) reuse with the riverway silt and sediment, and examines the impacts of chemical composition on the road construction through sensitivity analysis. Considering the characteristics of silt mixture, it is necessary to investigate the modified materials to improve the mechanical feasibility for subgrade filling. In this study, modification schemes for construction waste and garbage slag presented well mechanical properties and environmental benefits in sensitivity analysis, especially for the high-water content silt modified by the garbage slag and lime mixture. The results indicate the lime-improved silt with medium water content is a cheap and high-performance material compared to the original silt. Moreover, modified silt demonstrated superior features in particle size, permeability and bearing capacity. Among six lime-improving schemes, the California bearer ratio (CBR2.5) increased from 7.1 to 19.6, while the minimum CBR2.5 was 2.45 times to the original silt. At last, this study proposes the engineering measures to improve the silt mixture subgrade to prevent heavy metals from polluting the water and soil environment. Further implications were also discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Effects of Using Geosynthetics and Lime Stabilization to Increase Bearing Capacity of Unpaved Road Subgrade

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Burak Pancar ◽  
Muhammet Vefa Akpınar
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Lime Stabilization ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Base ◽  
Optimum Water Content

So many soil improvement methods have been developed in order to increase bearing capacity of superstructure of the road to be constructed on the soft clayey road base soils, decrease settlements, and increase other strength specifications (CBR,k,MRvalues, etc.). In this paper, lime stabilization of clayey road base soil with high water content and its improvement with geosynthetics (geocell + geotextile) reinforcement and comparisons of these two different improvement methods were made. For this purpose, plate loading experimental comparisons of clayey soil, which had high water content by 10% increasing the optimum water content, were made after it was improved with lime at the rates of 3, 6, and 12%, geotextile reinforcement, geocell reinforcement, geosynthetics reinforcement, and geosynthetics reinforcement + lime stabilization at various rates. It was understood that these improvement methods will not yield sufficient results on clayey soils with high water content on their own, and method of improvement with lime and then reinforcement with geosynthetics yields better results on these types of soils. Only one improvement state among ten different states examined in this study gave the sufficient results for the soil to be used for unpaved roads.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG TANAH TERHADAP KERUSAKAN JALAN DI DESA BULUTIGO KECAMATAN LAREN KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Miftahul Harits Abdullah ◽  
Rio Rahma Dhana
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
High Plastic

Road damage in Bulutigo Village, Laren District, Lamongan Regency affects access to agricultural mobilization in Lamongan Regency. So the researchers studied the value of the carrying capacity of the soil that caused road damage on the Bulutigo Village road, Laren District, Lamongan Regency. This study also examines the factors that affect the decline in the value of the bearing capacity of the soil. Data processing shows that the road subgrade soil in Bulutigo Village, Laren District, Lamongan Regency has a low carrying capacity value in terms of water content testing with an average value of 16.66% which includes high water content, from the Atterberg limit, it is included in the class of clay soil type. has a high plastic value with a PI value of 34.61%. Meanwhile, in the CBR test, the CBR value was 6.80% which was included in the "enough" category. And in the direct shear strength test, the value of the internal shear angle () is 15.03o.

Road names in Vologda dialect: semantics, derivational relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
E. P. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Road ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The road image in the worldview of Northern-Russian countryman is described in the article. The semantic and derivational potential of the common Russian word in the dialect context is analyzed, the motivated reasons of the dialect words named ‘place, area that is moving on’are defined. The language means explicating characteristics of the one of the key images in the dialect linguistic worldview are marked. The article purpose is show the functioning of the common Russian word road in the dialect from the one side and to watch what other dialect units make the list of the lexical item group, what links and relations are among them.

Internet usage patterns and gender differences: a decision tree approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Kovacevic ◽  
Ljiljana Kascelan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Web Developers

<p> </p> <p>the present study deals with a more detailed, and updated, modified model that allows for the identification of internet usage patterns by gender. The model was modified due to the development of the internet and new access models, on the one hand, and to the fact that previous studies mainly focuses on various individual (non-interactive) influences of certain factors, on the other.</p> <i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup> <p>The Decision Tree (DT) method, which is used in our study, does not require a pre-defined underlying relationship. In addition, the method allows a great many explanatory variables to be processed and the most important variables are easy to identify. </p><p>Obtained results can serve as to web developers and designers, since by indicating the differences between male and female internet users in terms of their behaviour on the internet it can help in deciding when, where and how to address and appeal to which section of the user base. It is especially important to know their online preferences in order to enable the adequate and targeted placement of information, actions or products and services for the intended target groups.</p><p> <b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><br></p>

Features of spring feeding of sterlet of the middle course of the Northern Dvina river

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
A. Bykov ◽  
D. Palatov ◽  
I. Studenov ◽  
D. Chupov
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Main Components ◽  
A Minor

The article provides information about the features of spring feeding of sterlet in the spawning grounds of the middle course of the Northern Dvina river in may 2019. The main and secondary groups of forage objects in the diet of this species of sturgeon are characterized. The article considers the variability of the sterlet food composition with an increase in the size of fish from 30 to 60 cm. In the process of fish growth in the diet of the Severodvinsk sterlet, the main components in terms of occurrence and mass in all size groups are the larvae of Brooks and chironomids. A minor occurrence was the larvae of midges, biting midges, stoneflies, mayflies and small clams. To random and seasonal food are the larvae of water bugs, butterflies, flies, beetles and eggs of other fish. The feeding intensity of the smaller sterlet (30–40 cm) was significantly higher than that of the fish in the size groups 40–50 and 50–60 cm. Fundamental changes in the diet of the Severodvinsk sterlet for the main food objects for more than sixty years of observations have not been established. During periods of high water content of the Northern Dvina due to seasonal changes in the structure of benthic communities, the value of Brooks in the diet of sterlet increases and the proportion of chironomids decreases.

Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Xu ◽  
Shujun Dong ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Shuqiang Li ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Imaging for Embedded Explosives Detection in High-Water Content Medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 4803-4810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yexian Qin ◽  
Ahmed H. Abdelrahman ◽  
Russell S. Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Explosives Detection ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Thermoacoustic Imaging
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