Measuring Bus Stops toward a Sustainable Urban Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2533 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Wenbin Ma ◽  
Shirley Hsiao ◽  
Christopher MacKechnie
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Transit Operation ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Transit Performance ◽  
Transit Connectivity

This paper describes how a bus stop measuring system can be developed not only to achieve transit operation efficiency but also to collaborate proactively with urban planners and traffic engineers on transit–land use interface activities. The measuring system was developed by identifying transit performance variants at the bus stop level with the use of a dynamic composite weighting factor approach on a geographic information system platform. A tier structure framework was used to categorize the composite scores of bus stops into six groups. Specific transit improvement actions were then tailored on the basis of their bus stop characteristics. Two project application examples are presented in this paper. One is a bus stop thinning project for speed improvement, and the other is for prioritizing capital project improvements. As various active transportation programs emerge to encourage local jurisdictions to plan transit connectivity with other community gathering places, this bus stop measuring approach presents a con tinued process to monitor their performance. It is also used to strengthen integration with other street improvement activities, including pedestrian paths and bikeways, to create a safe and sustainable urban environment.

scholarly journals ТРАНСПОРТНА ЗУПИНКА ЯК ВІЗУАЛЬНО-ДИНАМІЧНА СИСТЕМА: СПОСОБИ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ВІЗУАЛЬНОЇ ДИНАМІКИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Н. В. Скляренко ◽  
М. В. Колосніченко
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
System Approach ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Visual Communications ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Bus Stops

The purposeof the study is to find the ways of the creation of the dynamic visual communications on bus stops. It will make the interaction of the message, a human and the environment harmonious. Methodology.The work is based on the system approach. It makes possible to consider dynamic visual communications as the integral area for the communication of a human and the environment. The results of the compositional and structural and functional analysis helped to make the generalization and systematization of the ways for the visual dynamic creation on bus stops. Results. In the study we consider the bus stop as the visual dynamic system with the intensive communicational processes, which are based on the integration of different forms of human sensitive experience and the urban environment. We proved that subject-visual, visual-sound, visual-tactile and digital visual communications substantiate the transformation of the information perception and deepen it. At the same time a human becomes a part of the communication. Bus stop turns into the experimental location and provides increased emotionality of the communicational processes due to the forming of the immersive context. The designer can afford to program the people’s behavior in the system of the visual dynamic communications. It allows creating opportunities for the stationary bus stops to adapt to the changing external living conditions. Scientific novelty.In the work we rethink the role of the visual communication in the bus stop structure and in the whole environment. The visual communication has an experimental nature. It proves that the communications in the environment are developing towards the increasing dynamics and immersion. Practical significance. The results of the study show the ways to increase the level of dynamics of the visual communications on bus stops. It will make the perception of the informational messages more effective and will make the urban environment more aesthetic. The features of the dynamical designing, which were found, can be used by specialists with the purpose of the designing of the modern environment. In addition, they can be used as the educational technology to form the system thinking of designers.

Modeling Bus Capacity for Bus Stops Using Queuing Theory and Diffusion Approximation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110302
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Weijie Chen ◽  
Yueru Xu ◽  
Zhirui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Diffusion Approximation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Bus Service

For bus service quality and line capacity, one critical influencing factor is bus stop capacity. This paper proposes a bus capacity estimation method incorporating diffusion approximation and queuing theory for individual bus stops. A concurrent queuing system between public transportation vehicles and passengers can be used to describe the scenario of a bus stop. For most of the queuing systems, the explicit distributions of basic characteristics (e.g., waiting time, queue length, and busy period) are difficult to obtain. Therefore, the diffusion approximation method was introduced to deal with this theoretical gap in this study. In this method, a continuous diffusion process was applied to estimate the discrete queuing process. The proposed model was validated using relevant data from seven bus stops. As a comparison, two common methods— Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) formula and M/M/S queuing model (i.e., Poisson arrivals, exponential distribution for bus service time, and S number of berths)—were used to estimate the capacity of the bus stop. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the diffusion approximation method is 7.12%, while the MAPEs of the HCM method and M/M/S queuing model are 16.53% and 10.23%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model is more accurate and reliable than the others. In addition, the influences of traffic intensity, bus arrival rate, coefficient of variation of bus arrival headway, service time, coefficient of variation of service time, and the number of bus berths on the capacity of bus stops are explored by sensitivity analyses.

Study on the Optimal Improvement of the Bus Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1776-1781
Author(s):  
Wen Hua Jiang ◽  
Xian Xiang Wang ◽  
Hang Fei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Site Location ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Bus Station ◽  
Bus Stops

Starting from several aspects of site location, site size and site layout, this document studies the urban bus stop systematically, proposes the setting principles of urban bus stop. Take Yiwu bus stops for example, which focus on the analysis of the reasonable setting of the sites, and has provided guidance for the layout of urban bus stop.

Optimizing School Bus Stop Placement in Howard County, Maryland

2016 ◽  
pp. 1660-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Galdi ◽  
Paporn Thebpanya
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Current System ◽  
School Bus ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Network Analyst ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
State And Local

In the current system, school bus stops in Howard County, Maryland are manually placed along the school bus routes based on safety, cost-efficiency, and many other variables. With such liberal placement, bus stops are sometimes placed unnecessarily. This issue is prevalent in many school districts and often results in needlessly close bus stop proximity. In this study, the authors implemented a GIS-based heuristic to assist school officials in optimizing their districts bus stop placement. They also estimated the proportion of county-wide bus stops that could be eliminated by this approach. Following the constraints determined by State and local guidelines, the ArcGIS Network Analyst Extension was used to identify unnecessary bus stops across the study area. The initial output was re-evaluated by school officials in order to determine if those bus stops would be eliminated. The results indicate that approximately 30% of the existing bus stops were marked as “candidates for elimination” by the GIS process. After a review of these candidates, it was determined that at least 15% of the total school bus stops could be eliminated. Statistical estimates lent credence to the benefit of a re-evaluation of these bus stops. The method developed in this study can easily be replicated. Hence, it may inspire other school systems to exercise the same approach. Additionally, the results provide a gateway for future studies in examining more efficient school bus routes with less travel time, as well as investigating how much the carbon footprint of school bus fleets can be reduced.

scholarly journals A Method of Bus Network Optimization Based on Complex Network and Beidou Vehicle Location

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixin Dong ◽  
Dongyuan Li ◽  
Jianping Xing ◽  
Haohui Duan ◽  
Yong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Original Network ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Vehicle Location ◽  
Bus Stops

Aiming at the problems of poor time performance and accuracy in bus stops network optimization, this paper proposes an algorithm based on complex network and graph theory and Beidou Vehicle Location to measure the importance of bus stops. This method narrows the scope of points and edges to be optimized and is applied to the Jinan bus stop network. In this method, the bus driving efficiency, which can objectively reflect actual road conditions, is taken as the weight of the connecting edges in the network, and the network is optimized through the network efficiency. The experimental results show that, compared with the original network, the optimized network time performance is good and the optimized network bus driving efficiency is improved.

scholarly journals Intelligent Buses in a Loop Service: Emergence of No-Boarding and Holding Strategies

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vee-Liem Saw ◽  
Luca Vismara ◽  
Lock Yue Chew
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Average Waiting Time ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Emergent Behaviour ◽  
Reasonable Amount ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Simulation Time

We study how N intelligent buses serving a loop of M bus stops learn a no-boarding strategy and a holding strategy by reinforcement learning. The no-boarding and holding strategies emerge from the actions of stay or leave when a bus is at a bus stop and everyone who wishes to alight has done so. A reward that encourages the buses to strive towards a staggered phase difference amongst them whilst picking up passengers allows the reinforcement learning process to converge to an optimal Q-table within a reasonable amount of simulation time. It is remarkable that this emergent behaviour of intelligent buses turns out to minimise the average waiting time of commuters, in various setups where buses move with the same speed or different speeds, during busy as well as lull periods. Cooperative actions are also observed, e.g., the buses learn to unbunch.

scholarly journals A Methodology to Evaluate Accessibility to Bus Stops as a Contribution to Improve Sustainability in Urban Mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Corazza ◽  
Nicola Favaretto
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
Bus Stops

Walking and transit are the backbone of sustainable mobility. Bus stops not only represent the connection between the two, but are also central in dictating the attractiveness of the latter. Accessibility of bus stops becomes, then, pivotal in increasing both attractiveness and sustainability of public transport. The paper describes a multi-step methodology to evaluate bus stops’ accessibility starting from a cluster of seven indicators describing objective and subjective features influencing passengers’ choice toward a given bus stop. The indicators are weighed by a questionnaire submitted to experts. Finally, a multicriteria analysis is developed to obtain a final score describing univocally the accessibility of each stop. Outcomes are mapped and a case study in Rome is reported as an example, with 231 bus and tram stops assessed accordingly. Results shows the relevance of the urban network and environment in evaluating the accessibility and in promoting more sustainable mobility patterns. Research innovation relies on the possibility to merge data from different fields into a specific GIS map and easily highlight for each bus stop the relationships between built environment, passengers’ comfort, and accessibility, with the concluding goal to provide advanced knowledge for further applications.

INFLUENCE OF BUS BAY AND CURBSIDE BUS STOP IN AN URBAN ROAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Saurav Barua
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Bus Stops

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of bus bay compare to the curbside bus stop in a midblock road segment of Dhaka city. Methodology: Vehicle composition and traffic volume were counted on-peak hours for the midblock of Azimpur road near the existing bus stop. Simulation models were developed in VISSIM, where Model 1 represented the existing road scenario with curbside bus stop, and Model 2 represented the same road segment with a bus bay. Main findings: The simulation result showed that Model 2 outperformed Model 1 due to the presence of bus bay. Comparing Model 1, travel time and delay reduced by varying 1.80% to 12.5% and 6.25% to 100% respectively in Model 2 during the simulation. Similarly, average speed increased by 1.39% and density decreased by 61.29% in model 2. Application of this study: Curbside bus stops result in abrupt halt, disrupt traffic flow, and queuing of the small-sized vehicle behind buses. These bus stops caused traffic congestion and delays in urban roads which can be alleviated by alternatives, such as, bus bay. The novelty of this study: The bus bay is a good alternative to the curbside bus stop, which can improve existing traffic conditions in urban roads.

TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR IN A TWO-LANE SYSTEM CONSISTING OF A MIXTURE OF BUSES AND CARS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1925-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAO-MING YUAN ◽  
RUI JIANG ◽  
QING-SONG WU ◽  
RUILI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Number ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Traffic Behavior

In this paper, a two-lane traffic system consisting of a mixture of buses and cars is studied. The buses stop at each bus stop to pick up passengers and are not allowed to change lane. The cars may change lane when hindered by preceding vehicles. Our simulations show that with a fixed number of buses, four states of the traffic system are identified. The spatial-temporal plots of the four traffic states, and the trajectories of buses at different densities are presented. A gradual transition instead of sharp phase transition from bunching state to homogeneous state of the buses is found. Next, we study the system behavior at different number of bus stops, and an optimal number of stops is suggested. Finally, the influence of bus stops on the fundamental diagram is studied.

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