Choice, Frequency, and Engagement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2413 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Asgari ◽  
Xia Jin ◽  
Ali Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Choice Frequency

Choice and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biya Tang ◽  
Kirsten Barnes ◽  
Andrew Geers ◽  
Evan Livesey ◽  
Ben Colagiuri
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Choice Frequency ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Background Choice has been proposed as a method of enhancing placebo effects. However, there have been no attempts to systematically evaluate the magnitude, reliability, and moderators of the influence of choice on the placebo effect. Purpose To estimate the effect size of choice on the placebo effect and identify any moderators of this effect. Methods Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PubMed were systematically searched from inception to May 2021 for studies comparing placebo treatment with any form of choice over its administration (e.g., type, timing) to placebo treatment without choice, on any health-related outcome. Random-effects meta-analysis was then used to estimate the effect size associated with the influence of choice on the placebo effect. Meta-regression was subsequently employed to determine the moderating effect of factors such as type of choice, frequency of choice, and size of the placebo effect without choice. Results Fifteen independent studies (N = 1,506) assessing a range of conditions, including pain, discomfort, sleep difficulty, and anxiety, met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed that choice did significantly enhance the placebo effect (Hedges’ g = 0.298). Size of the placebo effect without choice was the only reliable moderator of this effect, whereby a greater effect of choice was associated with smaller placebo effects without choice. Conclusions Treatment choice can effectively facilitate the placebo effect, but this effect appears more pronounced in contexts where the placebo effect without choice is weaker. Because most evidence to date is experimental, translational studies are needed to test whether providing choice in clinical scenarios where placebo effects are weaker may help boost the placebo effect and thereby improve patient outcomes.

The Structured-Objective Rorschach Test: A Question of Choice Frequency

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Langer ◽  
Thomas L. Hick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
State University ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Utah State University ◽  
Consistency Of The Test ◽  
Choice Frequency ◽  
Choice Method

Ss at Utah State University were administered the SORT in a free- (as many or as few responses per blot) and forced- (one response per triad for a total of 10 responses per blot) choice counterbalanced design. Findings indicated: (1) the internal consistency of the test was strengthened by the free-choice method and (2) there was an order-of-testing effect, with women making more responses on the free-choice which preceded the forced-choice administration.

scholarly journals Peran perempuan dalam penggunaan alat kontrasepsi

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Anis Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenology ◽  
Study Researcher ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Choice Frequency

Family planning is a program established by government to minimize the population explosion by preventing pregnancy and child birth. Women are naturally able to conceive and give birth so they become the target of higher contraceptive use than men. Women in the Pucangro Village Kalitengah subdistrict in Lamongan regency explained their experiences and knowledge they have in using contraception. This type of research is qualitative phenomenology. In this study, researcher explains knowledge and experiences of women in using contraception. Information obtained through observation of women’s life by conducting interview with five women who use contraceptives. Contraception which used by many people in Pucangro Village, Kalitengah subdistrict, Lamongan regency are injection, pill, implant and steady contraception. Women often change contraception methods to adjust the most suitable type for their body because of the effects of contraception make users uncomfortable. Even so, informants persist in using contraception because they have no other choice. Frequency in changing contraceptive method also due to women's knowledge about contraceptive methods which is critically low, such knowledge is mostly gained throughm experiences from parents and siblings. The partner (husband) are less involved and do not want to know the use of contraception’s partner (wife). Several factors that stimulate contraception usage are knowledge possession, level of education, encouragement from family or partner, and side effect of the contraception itself. Women have the power to determine the type of contraception they prefer but no power to refuse using contraception even though negative effects are most likely to occur.

scholarly journals Analisis Ekuitas Merek

Media Wisata ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Actual Choice ◽  
Brand Attributes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Frequency

Brand equity continues to be one of the critical areas for marketing. This research explores some of the consequences attributes may have on brand equity such as the bias on consumer preference. For comparative purposes, this research is conducted on the high involvement using on the four soft drinks brands. This research being measured the impact of attributes preferences and actual choice frequency for brand attributes on brand equity. Attributes are examined from a tangible and intangible perspective and both are found to be important contributors to brand equity and brand choice.

Translation in Motion: A Survey of Literary Translation in Lebanon and Egypt during the Nahḍa

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-73
Author(s):  
Maya I. Kesrouany
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Choice Frequency

Chapter one surveys the movement and scope of literary translation in Egypt and Lebanon from 1798 until the 1930’s. It explores the different incentives behind the choice, frequency, and method of translation in both places, noting their interrelatedness through the Syrian émigrés who immigrated to Cairo and started literary journals that changed the face of literary translation in Egypt in the 19th century. It identifies the various translation motives from the desire for fast modernization and better urban planning, to education, and finally to entertainment, which becomes the major purpose of translation in the early 20th century). Finally, it registers the difference between the translation of poetry and that of fiction in both places and traces the influence of such translation on the development of distinctly national versus Western styles in the works of Egyptian and Lebanese authors and translators.

Scaling the Episodic Familiarities of Pictures and Words

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Hintzman ◽  
Tim Curran ◽  
David A. Caulton
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Numerical Judgment ◽  
Frequency Judgments ◽  
Scaling Solution ◽  
Pictures And Words ◽  
Choice Frequency ◽  
Judgment Data

Most current memory theories assume that judgments of past occurrence are based on a unidimensional familiarity signal In a test of this hypothesis, subjects studied mixed lists of pictures and words that occurred up to three times each They then were given two tests a forced-choice frequency discrimination test including all pairs of conditions (e g, picture seen twice vs word never seen) and a numerical frequency judgment test on individual items Forced-choice proportions for all pairings (picture-picture, word-word, and picture-word) were well fit by a one-dimensional scaling solution, suggesting a common basis of recognition and frequency judgments for both pictures and words Both forced-choice and numerical judgment data indicated that familiarities of pictures started lower than those of words but increased more rapidly with repetition Results are discussed in connection with the distinction between familiarity and recall, and the possible role of rescaling in the mirror effect

scholarly journals Ovariectomy Impairs Socio-Cognitive Functions in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Scandurra ◽  
Alessandra Alterisio ◽  
Anna Di Cosmo ◽  
Antonio D’Ambrosio ◽  
Biagio D’Aniello
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Object Choice ◽  
Navigation Strategy ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Object Choice Task ◽  
Choice Frequency

Recent studies have underlined the effect of ovariectomy on the spatial cognition of female dogs, with ovariectomized dogs showing a clear preference for an egocentric rather than an allocentric navigation strategy whereas intact females did not show preferences. Intact females had better performances than gonadectomized females in solving a learning task in a maze. Ovariectomy also affects socio-cognitive abilities, reducing the dog’s level of attention on the owner. We tested dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the object choice task paradigm to assess whether an ovariectomy could impair females’ ability to follow human signals. Forty pet dogs (18 intact females (IF) and 22 gonadectomized females (GF)) were tested in the object choice task paradigm using the human proximal pointing gesture. For the analysis, the frequency of correct, wrong and no-choices was collected; moreover, the latency of the correct choices was also considered. The IF group followed the pointing gestures more often than the GF group and with a lower latency, whereas a significantly higher no-choice frequency was recorded for the GF group. These results show a detrimental effect of ovariectomy on dogs’ socio-cognitive skills related to the responsiveness to human pointing gestures.

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