Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity in Porous Mixes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2295 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Ranieri ◽  
Pasquale Colonna ◽  
John J. Sansalone ◽  
Alessio Sciddurlo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
The Past ◽  
Porous Pavement ◽  
Porous Matrices ◽  
Constant Head

In the past two decades, runoff-permeable porous pavement and porous friction courses of pavement systems have been implemented more frequently, first in Europe and subsequently in the United States. Consequently, research and case studies are increasing, with a commensurate increase in the knowledge base for these drainable pavement matrices and systems. The main distinguishing parameter of these porous matrices is the hydraulic conductivity (k), as compared with traditional impervious pavements. Equipment and standards for measuring k vary widely. This variability includes laboratory and field permeameters, constant-head and falling-head permeameters, and methods based on differing equipment and differing protocols. In many cases, such variability generates results that are either difficult to compare or not comparable. As a result, the value of k that is generated from different methods and different equipment is uncertain. The disparate methods and measurement of k as a parameter challenge the researcher and the practitioner. During the development and specifying phase, the researcher and the designer require a representative value of k to ensure proper predictive models and design. During and after construction, the engineer and the practitioner require k for quality control. This paper illustrates and summarizes the available methods for measuring the k of pavement porous mixes. Some case studies are examined to verify the differences between methods and equipment used for determination of k. The European Standard UNI EN 12697-19 is examined through an experimental study. Theoretical and practical results help explain the measurement of k for pavements as a primary parameter of porous runoff-permeable mixes.

What Constitutes Successful Entrepreneurship? An Analysis of Recent Australasian Awards Experiences

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kearins ◽  
Belinda Luke ◽  
Patricia Corner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Insight Into

Theory about what constitutes entrepreneurial success is explored using case studies of the 2003 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award winners for Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest the need to more equally emphasize what theory presents as elements of successful entrepreneurship, and importantly, incorporate ethics as a key dimension. Further, the analysis offers insight into how business awards processes in general might be conducted.Entrepreneurship has long been considered an important economic activity. The past twenty years has witnessed an explosion of research into entrepreneurs and their actions (Venkatarman 1997; Hannafey 2003) with considerable emphasis on the elements that constitute successful entrepreneurship. However, there has been little empirical work substantiating these elements or exploring the extent to which they appear to be considered when judgements are made about entrepreneurial success. Additionally, some entrepreneurs that are judged successful, such as Monty Fu who won an entrepreneur of the year award in the United States, are later shown to be unsuccessful along a number of elements. It may be that some elements are more emphasized when judging entrepreneurial endeavours, than are others. For these reasons, the current paper focuses on the construction of successful entrepreneurship. It addresses the following research questions: Are there some elements of entrepreneurship that appear to be more emphasized than are others when judgements are made about successful entrepreneurs? Would recourse to theory help decide successful entrepreneurship?

scholarly journals A Commercial Citrus Debittering System

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth I. Norman ◽  
Dan A. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Beads

Excessive bitterness in citrus juices has been extensively studied in the past due to a reduction in juice quality. In the late 1970’s, Australia began to commercially debitter citrus juices using cellulose acetate beads. However, due to operational problems, this plant was shutdown. Continued research has led to the first commercial debittering installation in the United States. Using a proprietary styrene/divinylbenzene hydrophylic adsorbent, a citrus debittering system was started in 1988 to debitter navel orange juice. The automatic citrus debittering system was designed for continuous operation at an operator’s selectable flow rate from between 20 to 55 gallons per minute. The determination of the economics, compositional analysis and taste of the treated products was the focus of this study. Paper published with permission.

Determination of Deoxynivalenol in Infant Cereal by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography–UV Detection†

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY ANN DOMBRINK-KURTZMAN ◽  
STEPHEN M. POLING ◽  
DAVID F. KENDRA
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wheat Products

The presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby food, a primary source of the first solid food for infants, was studied in order to develop a method to detect its presence at low concentrations. DON, produced primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is commonly isolated from grains and feed around the world and affects both animal and human health, producing diarrhea, vomiting, gastrointestinal inflammation, and immunomodulation. An aqueous extract of infant cereal was cleaned by means of an immunoaffinity chromatography column. After the eluate was evaporated and redissolved, DON was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography–UV. The level of quantification for DON was 10 ppb for three types of infant cereal (mixed, barley, and oatmeal); the level of detection was 5 ppb. The protocol we have developed can measure DON between 10 to 500 ppb. An advisory level of 1 ppm for wheat products has been established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; however, the European Communities (EC) regulations have been set at 200 ppb for cereal-based foods for infants. Only 1 of 52 samples of barley-, mixed-, or oat-based infant cereal purchased in 2008 and 2009 in the United States exceeded the European standard.

An assessment of the single-head analysis for the constant head well permeameter

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
G. C. Topp ◽  
S. R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
The Many

An in-situ constant head well permeameter (CHWP) method employing three or more ponded heads per well was used to establish relationships between field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs), matric flux potential [Formula: see text], the alpha parameter (α*), soil texture, and soil structure. The relationships were then used to evaluate a single-head CHWP technique which employs representative mean α* values in the determination of Kfs and [Formula: see text]. The measurements were made at several depths on four soils which ranged in texture from loamy sand to silty clay, and in structure from single grain to strong, fine subangular blocky. The Kfs and [Formula: see text] results obtained from the multiple-head CHWP measurements were found to be highly variable within and between soils, yielding within-soil ranges as high as 3.5 orders of magnitude and standard deviation factors (SDF) as high as 5.1. The geometric mean (GM) Kfs and [Formula: see text] values were also highly variable between soils, but they were controlled primarily by soil structure rather than by soil texture or other factors. The α* values, on the other hand, were relatively consistent both within and between soils, yielding an overall SDF of only 1.2 and an overall GM of 11 m−1. Use of α* = 11 m−1 in the single-head CHWP technique yielded Kfs and [Formula: see text] values which were usually accurate to within a factor of 2, and often accurate to within ±25%. These levels of accuracy are within acceptable limits for a field method, considering the many potential sources of error and the extreme range and variability of Kfs and [Formula: see text] normally encountered in the field. Key words: Constant head well permeameter, hydraulic conductivity, matric flux potential, alpha parameter, soil texture, soil structure, single-head analysis

scholarly journals Federal Wetlands Jurisdiction – The Quagmire of Rapanos v. United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Federal Jurisdiction ◽  
Foreign Commerce ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Federal jurisdiction over wetlands under the Clean Water Act (“CWA”) 1 has always been difficult to delineate. Wetlands, by definition can be difficult to classify as either water or land. The CWA attempts to regulate these areas; it prohibits discharge of material without a permit into “navigable waters,” which are in turn defined in section 1362(7) of the CWA as the “waters of the United States.” The Army Corps of Engineers 2 is charged with granting permits, and must make the determination of whether or not certain areas of wetlands fall within the jurisdiction of the CWA.3 The Corps has interpreted the phrase “navigable waters” very broadly to include waters “which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce.”4 The tributaries of any of these “waters” also fall within the Corps’ jurisdiction.5 Intrastate waters are covered if their “use, degradation or destruction . . . could affect interstate or foreign commerce.”6 Wetlands “adjacent” to waters, such as those described above, except waters that are themselves wetlands, also clearly fall within federal jurisdiction under the CWA.7 Jurisdictional problems arise however when there are bodies of water or wetlands close to but not directly connected to navigable waters. These areas may still have significant impact on the neighboring navigable waters if a developer fills them in, or an industrial site discharges pollutants into them. Thus the Corps of Engineers has sought to regulate some of these wetland areas, in order to hold true to the CWA’s overall goals “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.

What Constitutes Successful Entrepreneurship? An Analysis of Recent Australasian Awards Experiences

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kearins ◽  
Belinda Luke ◽  
Patricia Corner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Insight Into

Theory about what constitutes entrepreneurial success is explored using case studies of the 2003 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award winners for Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest the need to more equally emphasize what theory presents as elements of successful entrepreneurship, and importantly, incorporate ethics as a key dimension. Further, the analysis offers insight into how business awards processes in general might be conducted.Entrepreneurship has long been considered an important economic activity. The past twenty years has witnessed an explosion of research into entrepreneurs and their actions (Venkatarman 1997; Hannafey 2003) with considerable emphasis on the elements that constitute successful entrepreneurship. However, there has been little empirical work substantiating these elements or exploring the extent to which they appear to be considered when judgements are made about entrepreneurial success. Additionally, some entrepreneurs that are judged successful, such as Monty Fu who won an entrepreneur of the year award in the United States, are later shown to be unsuccessful along a number of elements. It may be that some elements are more emphasized when judging entrepreneurial endeavours, than are others. For these reasons, the current paper focuses on the construction of successful entrepreneurship. It addresses the following research questions: Are there some elements of entrepreneurship that appear to be more emphasized than are others when judgements are made about successful entrepreneurs? Would recourse to theory help decide successful entrepreneurship?

American Foreign Policy in Korea and Vietnam: Comparative Case Studies

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Foreign Policy ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comparative Case Studies

So much has been written in the past few decades about the United States involvement in the Korean and Vietnamese wars that it is difficult to move beyond the usual arguments and the rather skewed assumptions on which they rest. However, the need for fresh and serious review of these matters is essential to understand the new era of multipolar politics now dawning. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to ascertain persistent patterns of the underlying rationale of the politics of American involvement in Asia; second, to critically analyze United States foreign policy in Korea and Vietnam during the war periods of 1950–53 and 1961–73.

scholarly journals The determination of data-poor catch limits in the United States: is there a better way?

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Berkson ◽  
James T. Thorson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Types ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Us Northeast ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Methods for determining appropriate management actions for data-poor stocks, including annual catch limits (ACLs), have seen an explosion of research interest in the past decade. We perform an inventory of methods for determining ACLs for stocks in the United States, and find that ACLs are assigned to 371 stocks and/or stock complexes with 193 (52%) determined using methods involving catch data only. The proportion of ACLs involving these methods varies widely among fisheries management regions, with all the 67 ACLs in the Caribbean determined using recent catch when compared with 1 of 33 ACLs in the New England region (US Northeast). Given this prevalence of data-poor ACLs, we recommend additional research regarding the potential effectiveness of simple management procedures for data-poor stocks that are currently managed using ACLs. In particular, simple management procedures may allow a broader range of data types and management instruments that better suit the particulars of individual regions and stocks.

The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
To Come

The resurgence of strong radical right-wing parties and movements constitutes one of the most significant political changes in democratic states during the past several decades, particularly in Europe. This resurgence has attracted interest from political scientists, sociologists, historians, and other scholars, most of whose research focuses on party and electoral politics. This book covers that literature, focuses on how the radical right manifests itself as movements rather than parties, and include a number of case studies both in Europe and beyond. The chapters cover concepts and definitions; ideologies and discourses; a range of contemporary issues including religion, globalization, gender, and activism; and cases such as France, Russia, the United States, Australia, Israel, and Japan. By integrating various strands of scholarship on the radical right, the book provides an authoritative and state-of-the-art overview of the topic and sets the agenda for future scholarship on the radical right for years to come.

scholarly journals Religion in the Age of Development

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Feener ◽  
Philip Fountain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Half

Religion has been profoundly reconfigured in the age of development. Over the past half century, we can trace broad transformations in the understandings and experiences of religion across traditions in communities in many parts of the world. In this paper, we delineate some of the specific ways in which ‘religion’ and ‘development’ interact and mutually inform each other with reference to case studies from Buddhist Thailand and Muslim Indonesia. These non-Christian cases from traditions outside contexts of major western nations provide windows on a complex, global history that considerably complicates what have come to be established narratives privileging the agency of major institutional players in the United States and the United Kingdom. In this way we seek to move discussions toward more conceptual and comparative reflections that can facilitate better understandings of the implications of contemporary entanglements of religion and development.

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