Evaluation of New Dynamic Shear Rheometer Testing Geometry for Performance Testing of Crumb Rubber–Modified Binder

2012 ◽  
Vol 2293 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylon Baumgardner ◽  
John A. D'Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Coaxial Cylinder ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Modified Binder

Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) has been used for many years in asphalt binder to provide improved field performance. Historically the increase in viscosity of CRM binder was measured with crude vane viscometers to quantify binder performance characteristics. The Superpave® system introduced far more accurate tools in the asphalt binder testing system to measure performance characteristics. As a result of testing geometry limitations, Superpave binder tests, specifically high-temperature testing, have generally not been applicable in testing CRM binders. This inability to test the material fully has limited the use and adoption of CRM binders. Well-known geometries in the rheology field, specifically coaxial cylinder geometries or cup and bob, can handle the larger particle sizes typically used as CRM. However, these geometries are not familiar in the asphalt industry. This study investigated the ability of the cup-and-bob geometry to test neat, polymer-modified, and CRM binders to determine if it could provide similar rheological results for both Superpave and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) testing. It concluded that the cup-and-bob geometry could accommodate large CRM particles and provide similar results for Superpave as well as MSCR testing.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Crumb Rubber Asphalt Modified with Silicone-Based Warm Mix Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonde Lushinga ◽  
Liping Cao ◽  
Zejiao Dong ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Cyriaque O. Assogba
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Viscoelastic Continuum Damage ◽  
Warm Mix Additives ◽  
Different Temperatures

This research was conducted to elucidate better understanding of the performance of crumb rubber asphalt modified with silicone-based warm mix additives. Two different silicone-based warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives (herein Tego XP and Addibit) were used to prepare crumb rubber modified (CRM) warm mix asphalt binders. The viscosity of these CRM binders was measured at different temperatures and shearing rates. Furthermore, softening point and penetration tests, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), Time Sweep (TS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Frequency sweep (FS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) tests were also conducted on prepared samples. Based on these robust and rigorous laboratory experiments, it was established that viscosity of CRM binders was reduced by addition of Tego XP and Addibit WMA additives. However, WMA additives had different influence on rheological properties of the binder. CRM binder with Tego XP improved resistance to rutting of the binders but would degrade the fatigue performance. On the contrary, viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model results and those of phase angle approach revealed that the binder with Addibit improved resistance to fatigue cracking of the binders but had no adverse effects on high temperature rutting performance. FTIR test results established a presence of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in CRM binders with Tego XP and Addibit. PDMS is a well-known hydrophobic organic and inorganic polymer that is water repellent; therefore, binders containing these silicone-based warm mix additives could be beneficial in resisting moisture damage in asphalt binders and mixtures. Morphology of CRM binders with and without WMA revealed good distribution of the rubber particles in asphalt binder matrix. Further addition of WMA increased surface roughness of the binder, which can be correlated to changes in microstructure properties of the binder. Therefore, the study concluded that addition of Tego XP and Addibit reduces viscosity and improves mechanical properties of the asphalt binder.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Petroleum Resin in Rubberized Asphalt Binder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9319
Author(s):  
Hyun Hwan Kim ◽  
Mithil Mazumder ◽  
Moon-Sup Lee ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Bending Beam Rheometer ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Multiple Stress ◽  
Multiple Stress Creep Recovery

The crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder was evaluated considering the general operating temperatures of high, intermediate, and low temperatures. CRM binders were produced with four different contents (0, 5, 10, and 15%) using the base asphalt binder (PG64-22). Then, they were artificially aged by a rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV). Superpave binder tests using a rotational viscometer (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and bending beam rheometer (BBR) was applied to characterize the performance of the original and aged binders. Multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests were also performed for deeper rutting characterization. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the presence of PR increases the binder viscosity, (2) the integration of CRM greatly improved the rutting resistance of the binder, and it was found that PR also improved the rutting characteristics, and (3) it is observed that PR is detrimental to the cracking properties of CRM binders.

scholarly journals Studying Engineering Characteristics of Asphalt Binder and Mixture Modified by Nanosilica and Estimating Their Correlations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Hasaninia ◽  
Farshad Haddadi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Marshall Stability

The objective of this research was to investigate rutting and fatigue distresses in asphalt containing 2, 4, 6, and 8 percent of nanosilica (NC) and to find out the correlation between engineering properties of the modified binder and mixture asphalt. In order to study the effect of NC on the rutting and fatigue properties of modified binders, the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were carried out. The Marshall stability, dynamic creep, and four-point bending beam fatigue tests were used to evaluate performance characteristics of the mixtures. The binder and mixture tests all indicated an improvement of fatigue and rutting resistance using NC as a modifier. Furthermore, some statistical correlations between engineering properties were developed successfully.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Asphalt Binders Containing Wax Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mithil Mazumder ◽  
Raju Ahmed ◽  
Moon-Sup Lee ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Modified Binder

In between thermal-oxidative (heat and oxygen) and photo-oxidative (ultraviolet irradiation and oxygen) aging process of bitumen, photo-oxidative aging mainly depends on the optical properties of the asphalt binder. The higher the reflection (or the lower the absorption of the binders), the better the pavement serviceability. The literature review indicates that there is limited research conducted on the optical properties of the binder with wax additives. In this paper, the optical properties of commonly used binders (PG 64-22, Rubber modified binder, and SBS modified binder) containing wax additives (LEADCAP and Sasobit) were investigated using UV-Vis spectrometer. The result of this study showed that (1) the addition of modifiers (crumb rubber and SBS) with the base binder slightly increases the absorption of the binder; (2) the binder types and aging level have significant contribution on optical properties; (3) in general, the aged binders were observed to have higher reflectivity compared to the unaged binders; and (4) the addition of wax additives is observed to have a significant effect on the optical properties.

scholarly journals Performance-Guided Design of Permeable Asphalt Concrete with Modified Asphalt Binder Using Crumb Rubber and SBS Modifier for Sponge Cities

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Wentong Huang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Shaowei Zhang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Qile Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Splitting Test ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder

The construction of sponge city is a major green innovation to implement the concept of sustainable development. In this study, the road performance of permeable asphalt concrete (PAC), which displays pronounced water permeability and noise reduction that are favorable for sponge cities, has been improved with a two-fold modification using styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and crumb rubber (CR). Four percent SBS and three different ratios (10%, 15%, and 20%) of CR have been used to modify the virgin asphalt binder. The Marshall design has been followed to produce PAC samples. To evaluate the asphalt binder performance, multiple-stress creep-recovery (MSCR) test, linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test, and engineering property test programs including softening point test, penetration test, and rotational viscosity test have been conducted. Freeze–thaw splitting test, Hamburg wheel-tracking test, resilient modulus test, and permeability coefficient test have been performed to evaluate the asphalt mixture performance. The test results show that the addition of SBS and CR reduces the permeability coefficient, but significantly improves the high temperature performance, fatigue performance, and rutting resistance as well as the resilient modulus. However, the optimum rubber content should not exceed 15%. Meanwhile, after adding CR and SBS modifier, the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) increase. It indicates that the moisture stability and crack resistance have been improved by the composite modification effect.

scholarly journals Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test for Determination of Waste Engine Oil Modified Asphalt Binder as Pavement Material

2022 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Biruk Tadele ◽  
Emer T Quezon
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Multiple Stress ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Multiple Stress Creep Recovery ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Pavement Material

Engineers have been using modified binders to improve the quality of flexible pavements. The use of waste material is one of the solutions taken in this direction. It is for this ground that the studies emphasis on the evaluation of waste engine oil as a modifier for asphalt binder as a pavement material. In the study uses four samples extracted from 80/100 penetration grade bitumen. From four sample first sample was checked for weather requirements of asphalt binder meet or not and the three were modified with different content of engine oil (3,6 and 9%). The behaviors of both unmodified and modified binder were checked for rheological properties. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to determine high temperature performance grade (PG) and multiple stress creep recovery tests to determine rutting resistance properties of the binder. PG analysis indicates that both aged and un-aged 3% and 6% modified binder have similar higher PG grade with the unmodified one and 9% modified to have lower PG vale. Jnr3.2 value of modified asphalt binder is lower than unmodified binder indicating that modification had improved the rutting resistance and design traffic load (ESALS). The study shows that it is possible to use waste engine oil-modified binder as a pavement material.

scholarly journals Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzana Brasileiro ◽  
Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Tauste-Martínez ◽  
Jose Matos ◽  
Maria Rubio-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Modified Binder

The use of polymer-modified binders in asphalt mixtures has become more widespread due to their reduced thermal susceptibility and improved rutting and fatigue resistance. Nevertheless, their high cost limits their application, thus making the use of reclaimed polymers (RP) an interesting alternative for both reducing price and extending the service life of pavements. This paper; therefore, presents a comparative review of the recycled polymers most commonly studied as bitumen modifiers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and ground tire rubber (GTR), in order to facilitate their selection and extend the use of the bitumen. The differences in terms of melting point, mixing conditions, and maximum quantity of added polymer are analyzed. Moreover, their effect on the mechanical behavior of the asphalt binders and their stability with and without the use of additives is presented. According to the literature revision, the performance of the new binder is more influenced by the kind of polymer that was incorporated and the mixing conditions than by the base bitumen that was chosen, although rheological evaluation is needed to fully understand the modification mechanisms of the modified binder. In general terms, plastomers have a stronger effect in terms of increasing the stiffness of the bitumen in comparison with crumb rubber (elastomers), thus providing an improved rutting resistance. The joint use of polyethylene (plastomer) and crumb rubber (elastomer) can be an interesting option for its recycling potential and mechanical performance, although further study is needed to achieve stable bitumen across the entire range of temperatures; additives, such as maleic anhydride (MA), are commonly employed to improve the stability of the binder and enhance its characteristics, but their use could limit the economic benefits of using recycled materials.

Laboratory evaluation on the high temperature rheological properties of rubber asphalt: a preliminary study

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hainian Wang ◽  
Zhanping You ◽  
Shu Wei Goh ◽  
Peiwen Hao ◽  
Xiaoming Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Loading Frequency

Crumb rubber is the recycled rubber particle obtained from mechanical shearing or grinding scrap tires into small particle sizes less than 6.3 mm (or approximately 1/4”). The rheological properties of asphalt binder have an important effect on the field performance of asphalt mixtures and the long-term serviceability of asphalt pavement. The objective of this research is to evaluate the high temperature rheological performance of rubber asphalt binder based on the complex shear modulus (|G*|) and the phase angle (δ) values using the dynamic shear rheometer. Five rubber asphalt dosages at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25% by weight of asphalt (Superpave PG 64-22), respectively, were used to modify asphalt binder; and three rubber particle meshes, 20#, 30#, and 40#, were utilized in this research. The |G*| at various temperatures and frequencies were tested on each sample, including original and short-term aging binder using the rolling thin-film over. The master curves of |G*|/sin(δ) for each type of rubber asphalt was generated to investigate its rheological properties over a broad range of temperatures and frequencies. Based on the testing results, it was found that the addition of crumb rubber significantly increases the |G*| of asphalt binder, which is desirable to potentially improve the anti-rutting performance of asphalt mixtures. It was also found that the addition of 10% mesh crumb rubbers bumps up the high temperature grade of asphalt, from PG64 to PG76 in this case. The master curve using the |G*|/sin(δ) of rubber asphalt shows a substantial improvement in rutting resistant at each testing temperature and loading frequency. However, it was noteworthy that the rutting resistance enhancement of crumb rubber was affected by the percentage of rubber used, the rubber particle size and its aging condition.

scholarly journals Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punit Singhvi ◽  
◽  
Javier García Mainieri ◽  
Hasan Ozer ◽  
Brajendra Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Flexibility Index

The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document