Performance of Slag Cement in Hydraulic Cement Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 2290 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stephen Lane
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Hydraulic Cement ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Petrographic Examination ◽  
Alkali Aggregate Reactivity ◽  
Virginia Department

The Virginia Department of Transportation began to allow the use of slag cement in hydraulic cement concretes in 1985; its use has steadily increased since then. Several years ago a study was conducted to investigate the performance of bridge decks constructed with hydraulic cement concretes containing straight portland cement and portland cement plus slag cement with a specified water–cementitious materials ratio of 0.45. At the time of the field work, these decks were 12 to 16 years old. In addition to general observations of deck condition, cores were extracted from the decks for petrographic examination of internal condition and determination of concrete transport properties by using electrical conductivity and rate of water absorption. Overall, the slag cement concretes performed well with a tendency toward lower transport properties and showed no inherent tendency for scaling. Some evidence of alkali–aggregate reactivity was observed with evident damage in one case, although it was not clear whether an insufficient amount of slag cement was used or slag cement would simply be ineffective in this case. Overall, the performance and experience with slag cement were favorable.

Alkali-aggregate reactivity in Newfoundland, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Petrographic Examination ◽  
Alkali Aggregate Reactivity

Alkali-aggregate reactivity is a chemical reaction that occurs in some concrete structures. This reaction causes expansion and cracking of concrete. It may not be the main cause of premature deterioration; however, it is often the catalyst for other forms of deterioration. Since 1989, field work and laboratory testing for alkali-reactivity has been undertaken on selected aggregate, rock, and concrete core samples throughout Newfoundland. The field work and laboratory tests consisted of an assessment of the bedrock and aggregate sites to determine their quality and quantity for use as construction material; an examination of existing concrete structures to assess their durability with regard to alkali-aggregate reactivity. The site investigation of the concrete structures consisted of noting their date of construction, the rock and aggregate types used, the types of cracking, and the degree and type of deterioration of each structure. Results from laboratory testing, petrographic examination, and visual observation show that certain sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock types may be potentially alkali-reactive, but the reaction may not always be deleterious to the concrete structure.Key words: alkali-aggregate reaction, concrete structures, laboratory tests, petrographic examination, rock types.

Should Minimum Cementitious Contents for Concrete Be Specified?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2629 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik H. Obla ◽  
Rongjin Hong ◽  
Colin L. Lobo ◽  
Haejin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Strength And Durability

Minimum cementitious contents are commonly specified in project specifications. The primary focus of this study was to examine the influence of the cementitious content on concrete performance at specific water-to-cementitious materials ratios. The experimental variables included water-to-cementitious materials ratios ranging from 0.40 to 0.55, mixtures containing portland cement only, and mixtures containing 40% slag cement or 25% fly ash. Concrete performance was evaluated through laboratory tests on workability, strength, and durability. The results showed that at a given water-to-cementitious ratio a higher cementitious content results in higher paste volumes and poorer concrete performance. On the basis of these results the value of maintaining minimum cementitious content requirements in project specifications is questioned.

Assessment of transport properties of cementitious materials A major challenge as regards durability ?

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Baroghel-Bouny ◽  
Mickael Thiery ◽  
Fabien Barberon ◽  
Olivier Coussy ◽  
Géraldine Villain
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Cementitious Materials

Evaluation of strength of concrete on different initial exposure condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ram Krishna Mishra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Manoj Kulshreshtha
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Standard Practices

Background: The previous studies have focused curing effect of mainly on high strength concrete, where strict supervision is maintained. This study is based upon general purpose concreting work for commercial and residential construction in absence of skilled manpower and supervision. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish a thumb rule to provide 7 days initial curing for maintaining quality for unsupervised concreting irrelevant to type of cement and grading. Methods: In this study concrete samples made with locally available commercial cements were cured for various initial exposure. Results: The results shows that concrete cured after a gap of 4 days from the time of de-moulding have given lowest strength as compared to concrete cured in standard practices i.e. where proper curing protocol had been followed. Conclusion: Initial curing is most important aspect of gaining desired strength. The findings after this study shows that curing affects the strength of concrete in variable grading. Initial curing has great importance for concrete with all types of Portland cement. Concrete with supplementary cementitious materials gives lowest strength initially but results higher strength after 28 days as compared to Portland cement.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete, Part I

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Alessandro P. Fantilli ◽  
Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Concrete Part

The environmental impact of the Portland cement production and the large use of cement-based building materials is a growing problem [...]

scholarly journals A Review of the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Ecological Concretes in a Cold Climate in Comparison to Standard Ordinary Portland Cement-Based Concrete

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Ankit Kothari ◽  
Karin Habermehl-Cwirzen ◽  
Hans Hedlund ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Composite Cements ◽  
Alkali Activated

Most of the currently used concretes are based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) which results in a high carbon dioxide footprint and thus has a negative environmental impact. Replacing OPCs, partially or fully by ecological binders, i.e., supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) or alternative binders, aims to decrease the carbon dioxide footprint. Both solutions introduced a number of technological problems, including their performance, when exposed to low, subfreezing temperatures during casting operations and the hardening stage. This review indicates that the present knowledge enables the production of OPC-based concretes at temperatures as low as −10 °C, without the need of any additional measures such as, e.g., heating. Conversely, composite cements containing SCMs or alkali-activated binders (AACs) showed mixed performances, ranging from inferior to superior in comparison with OPC. Most concretes based on composite cements require pre/post heat curing or only a short exposure to sub-zero temperatures. At the same time, certain alkali-activated systems performed very well even at −20 °C without the need for additional curing. Chemical admixtures developed for OPC do not always perform well in other binder systems. This review showed that there is only a limited knowledge on how chemical admixtures work in ecological concretes at low temperatures and how to accelerate the hydration rate of composite cements containing high amounts of SCMs or AACs, when these are cured at subfreezing temperatures.

Research Progress on the Hydration of Portland Cement with Calcined Clay and Limestone

2021 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Jin Tang ◽  
Su Hua Ma ◽  
Wei Feng Li ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Xiao Dong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Dense Microstructure

The use of calcined clay and limestone as supplementary cementitious materials, can have a certain influence on the hydration of Portland cement. This paper reviewed the influence of limestone and calcined clay and the mixture of limestone and calcined clay on the hydration of cement. Both limestone and calcined clay accelerate the hydration reaction in the early hydration age and enhance the properties of cement. Limestone reacts with C3A to form carboaluminate, which indirectly stabilized the presence of ettringite, while calcined clay consumed portlandite to form C-(A)-S-H gel, additional hydration products promote the densification of pore structure and increase the mechanical properties. The synergistic effect of calcined clay and limestone stabilize the existence of ettringite and stimulate the further formation of carboaluminate, as well as the C-(A)-S-H gel, contributed to a dense microstructure.

scholarly journals STUDY ON 1DAY PAVE MIXING HIGH STRENGTH PORTLAND CEMENT AND BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT TYPE B

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Shingo YOSHIMOTO ◽  
Tatsuo SHINMI ◽  
Hiroyoshi KATO ◽  
Takatoshi MOTOORI
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cement Type ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Furnace Slag

scholarly journals The Potentials of Iron and Steel Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
O. R. Ogirigbo ◽  
J. O. Ukpata ◽  
I. Inerhunwa
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a type of Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that is currently being used extensively in the global construction industry. SCMs are cheaper than Portland cement, help to improve certain properties of concrete and also help to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the production of Portland cement. GGBS is readily available in most parts of the world as a waste product from iron and steel production. However, its use as a SCM in some countries has not been fully maximized. This is primarily because of lack of documented studies on the properties of GGBS that influences its suitability as a SCM, especially in tropical environments. This paper reviewed the use of GGBS as a SCM for the partial replacement of Portland cement, with particular emphasis on its potential use in tropical warm environments such as Nigeria and other similar countries.

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