Investigating Regression to the Mean in Before-and-After Speed Data Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2165 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Park ◽  
Dominique Lord
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN SEBELUM DILAKUKAN ANESTESI REGIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Rio Verdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of therapeutic communication to the patient's level of anxiety prior to regional anesthesia. The type of research is the pre-experimental design using one-group pretest-posttest. Sampling techniques accidental sampling of 30 samples. Data analysis was performed using Univariate and Bivariate analysis with paired t-test test on a5%. The results showed that there were differences in the mean levels of anxiety before and after therapeutic communication and there is a significant decrease in the mean levels of anxiety before and after therapeutic communication. In patients before surgery with regional anesthesia in the operating room RSUD.Dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu (P = 0.000).

scholarly journals Regression to the mean contributes to the apparent improvement in glycemia 3.8 years after screening – the ELSA-Brasil Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Paula Bracco ◽  
Scheine Canhada ◽  
Joanna MN Guimarães ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Real World ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>Objective </b> <p>Glycemic regression is common in real world settings, but the contribution of regression to the mean (RTM) has been little investigated. We aimed to estimate glycemic regression before and after adjusting for RTM in a free-living cohort of adults with newly ascertained diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia (IH). </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>ELSA-Brasil is a cohort study of 15,105 adults screened between 2008-2010 with standardized OGTT and HbA1c, repeated after 3.84 (0.42) years. After excluding those receiving medical treatment for diabetes, we calculated partial or complete regression before and after adjusting baseline values for RTM. </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Regarding newly ascertained diabetes, partial or complete regression was seen in 49.4% (95%CI 45.2 – 53.7); after adjustment for RTM, in 20.2% (95%CI 12.1 – 28.3). Regarding IH, regression to normal levels was seen in 39.5% (95%CI 37.9 – 41.3) or in 23.7% (95%CI 22.6% – 24.3%) depending on the WHO or the ADA definition, respectively; after adjustment, corresponding frequencies were 26.1% (95%CI 22.4 – 28.1) and 19.4% (95%CI 18.4 – 20.5). Adjustment for RTM reduced the number of cases detected at screening: 526 to 94 cases of diabetes; 3118 to 1986 cases of WHO-defined IH; and 6182 to 5711 cases of AD-defined IH. Weight loss ≥2.6% was associated with greater regression from diabetes (RR=1.52 95%CI 1.26-1.84) and IH (RR=1.30 95%CI 1.17-1.45). </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>In this quasi-real-world setting, regression from diabetes at ~4 years was common, less so for IH. Regression was frequently explained by RTM, but, in part, also related to improved weight loss and homeostasis over the follow-up. </p>

scholarly journals Regression to the mean contributes to the apparent improvement in glycemia 3.8 years after screening – the ELSA-Brasil Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Paula Bracco ◽  
Scheine Canhada ◽  
Joanna MN Guimarães ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Real World ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>Objective </b> <p>Glycemic regression is common in real world settings, but the contribution of regression to the mean (RTM) has been little investigated. We aimed to estimate glycemic regression before and after adjusting for RTM in a free-living cohort of adults with newly ascertained diabetes and intermediate hyperglycemia (IH). </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>ELSA-Brasil is a cohort study of 15,105 adults screened between 2008-2010 with standardized OGTT and HbA1c, repeated after 3.84 (0.42) years. After excluding those receiving medical treatment for diabetes, we calculated partial or complete regression before and after adjusting baseline values for RTM. </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Regarding newly ascertained diabetes, partial or complete regression was seen in 49.4% (95%CI 45.2 – 53.7); after adjustment for RTM, in 20.2% (95%CI 12.1 – 28.3). Regarding IH, regression to normal levels was seen in 39.5% (95%CI 37.9 – 41.3) or in 23.7% (95%CI 22.6% – 24.3%) depending on the WHO or the ADA definition, respectively; after adjustment, corresponding frequencies were 26.1% (95%CI 22.4 – 28.1) and 19.4% (95%CI 18.4 – 20.5). Adjustment for RTM reduced the number of cases detected at screening: 526 to 94 cases of diabetes; 3118 to 1986 cases of WHO-defined IH; and 6182 to 5711 cases of AD-defined IH. Weight loss ≥2.6% was associated with greater regression from diabetes (RR=1.52 95%CI 1.26-1.84) and IH (RR=1.30 95%CI 1.17-1.45). </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>In this quasi-real-world setting, regression from diabetes at ~4 years was common, less so for IH. Regression was frequently explained by RTM, but, in part, also related to improved weight loss and homeostasis over the follow-up. </p>

scholarly journals VISUALIZATION AND COMPREHENSION: Corroborating children’s reading ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriyanti Moriyanti ◽  
Hayatul Muna ◽  
Nyak Mutia Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Reading Comprehension Ability

This study aimed at finding out the influence of visualization on students’ reading comprehension ability. Quantitative approach was employed in carrying out this research. The data were collected through test as it was the main instrument of this study. The data analysis was carried out using manual statistics calculation to find out the mean score before and after the treatment. From the result, it was obtained that the most effect that visualization has is on the inferring; second, it is on details; then it is followed by main idea. The smallest influence is made on vocabulary. Thus, it can be concluded that visualization while reading can help students a lot in terms of inferring, details, and main idea.

scholarly journals Comparison of Crash Modification Factors for Engineering Treatments Estimated by Before–After Empirical Bayes and Propensity Score Matching Methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812095377
Author(s):  
Bo Lan ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Cross-sectional and the empirical Bayes (EB) before–after are two of the most common methods for estimating crash modification factors (CMFs). The EB before–after method has now been accepted as one way of addressing the potential bias caused by the regression to the mean problem. However, sometimes before–after methods may not feasible because of the lack of data from before and after periods. In those cases, researchers rely on cross-sectional studies to develop CMFs. However, cross-sectional studies may provide biased CMFs through confounding. The propensity score (PS) matching method, along with cross-sectional regression models, is one of the methods that can be used to address confounding. Though PS methods are widely used in epidemiology and other studies, there are only a few studies that have used PS matching methods to estimate CMFs. The intent of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of cross-sectional regression models using PS matching methods with the results from the EB and traditional cross-sectional methods. The comparisons were conducted using two carefully selected simulated datasets. The results indicate that optimal propensity score distance (PSD) matching with maximum variable ratio of 5 performed quite well compared with the EB before–after and the traditional cross-sectional methods.

Effects on Accidents of Automatic Speed Enforcement in Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 1595 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Elvik
Keyword(s):  
Percent Level ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Photo Radar ◽  
Speed Enforcement ◽  
Before And After Study

Automatic speed enforcement by means of photo radar was introduced in Norway in 1988. The results of a before-and-after study of the effects of automatic speed enforcement on accidents are reported in this paper. The study controlled for general trends in the number of accidents and regression to the mean. A statistically significant reduction of 20 percent in the number of injury accidents was found. The number of property-damage-only accidents was reduced by 12 percent. This change was not statistically significant at the 5 percent level. The effect of automatic speed enforcement on the number of injury accidents varied according to the level of conformance with official warrants for its use. The warrants refer to accident rate (accidents per vehicle kilometer) and accident density (accidents per kilometer of road). A decline of 26 percent in injury accidents was found on road sections conforming with both warrants. On road sections not conforming with any of the warrants, injury accidents declined by 5 percent. The results of this study confirm the results of previous studies of the effects of automatic speed enforcement on accidents.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXTS THROUGH WORD WEBBING TECHNIQUE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Fauzi Ningtyas ◽  
Lidiman Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Text Word ◽  
Procedure Text ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planning Action

This study concerns on improving students’ achievement in writing procedure texts through word webbing technique. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population was the 2012-2013 nine grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The number of students was 36, consisting of 21 females and 15 males. The procedure of the research was administrated into two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Each meeting included four steps namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was the writing of procedure texts test while the qualitative data were gathered by using interview, diary notes and observation sheet. Based on the data analysis, the mean of students’ score in Test I was 53,47, for the Test II was 63,05, and for the Test III was 75 The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the applying of Word webbing Technique. The conclusion is that Word Webbing Technique in writing Procedure Texts improves the students’ achievement in writing procedure texts. Keywords: Students’ achievement, writing, procedure text, word webbing

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