Culvert Hydraulics

2008 ◽  
Vol 2060 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin H. Hotchkiss ◽  
Elizabeth A. Thiele ◽  
E. James Nelson ◽  
Philip L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Analysis System

Several computer programs are available to analyze culvert hydraulics, including HY-8, FishXing, Broken-back Culvert Analysis Program (BCAP), Hydraflow Express, CulvertMaster, Culvert, and Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The use of slightly different methodologies to complete the analysis results in different estimates for headwater depth, flow control, and outlet velocity. This paper compares the available hydraulic features and tests the accuracy of these seven programs as part of an effort to update the HY-8 program. Four test cases were developed. The flow controls, headwater depths, and outlet velocities were compared with values obtained through calculations based on best practice as outlined in the FHWA publication, Hydraulic Design Series No. 5. Several limitations were identified. BCAP has limited ability to analyze straight barrel culverts operating under outlet control with high tailwater, CulvertMaster reports outlet control for some low discharges as a surrogate for what is referred to as “entrance control,” Culvert misidentifies the location of hydraulic control for lower discharges and overestimates headwater elevations, and HydraFlow Express incorrectly uses critical depth at the outlet for inlet control calculations. With the test cases used here, HY-8, HEC-RAS, and FishXing most consistently agreed with accepted empirical results. It is recommended that program providers improve their products to replicate better the hydraulic conditions simulated in this paper and to extend program capabilities to include more environmentally sensitive design considerations such as fish passage.

Hydraulic design considerations for orifice spillways

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajakta P. Gadge ◽  
V. Jothiprakash ◽  
V. V. Bhosekar
Keyword(s):  
Design Considerations ◽  
Hydraulic Design

scholarly journals Upstream passage of adult sea trout (Salmo trutta) at a low-head weir with an Archimedean screw hydropower turbine and co-located fish pass

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie R. Dodd ◽  
Jonathan D. Bolland ◽  
Jon Hateley ◽  
Ian G. Cowx ◽  
Sam E. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Fish Pass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Head

The exploitation of riverine systems for renewable energy has resulted in large numbers of small-scale hydropower schemes on low-head weirs. Although considered a clean and ‘green’ energy source in terms of emissions, hydropower can affect upstream migrating species by diverting flow away from viable routes over the impoundment and attract fish towards the turbine outfall. In an attempt to reduce this negative effect, hydropower outfalls with co-located fish-passage entrances are recommended, utilising turbine flows to attract fish towards the fish pass. The present study used acoustic telemetry to understand the performance of a co-located Larinier fish pass at a low-head hydropower scheme at a weir on the tidal Yorkshire Esk, England. The majority of the sea trout (anadromous Salmo trutta L.) individuals that approached the impediment were attracted to the hydropower and the co-located fish pass. Fish ascended through the pass under a wide range of river flows, tide heights, downstream river levels and hydropower flows, and there was no evidence that the hydropower operation affected fish-pass ascent. The information presented is urgently required to inform management decisions on the operation of hydropower schemes during the migratory period of salmonid fish, and help determine best-practice designs and operation at these facilities.

Below-Grade Expansion Joints: Challenges and Best Practices

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Turner ◽  
Rose F. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Walls ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Structural Separation

<p>Many of our cities are running out of usable construction space for large buildings. New buildings are reaching new heights and new depths, often extending several stories below-grade. This presents challenges for waterproofing, particularly when building foundations extend below the groundwater table. With climate change and sea-level rise, many geographic areas will increasingly need to consider groundwater.</p><p>Building code requirements, especially in seismic regions, often require engineers to design movement joints or separation joints in below-grade structures. But foundation waterproofing materials are designed to seal around a building, not a void or an excavation. Structural joints are more susceptible to leakage, and higher volumes of leakage, than areas with solid backup.</p><p>We review design considerations for movement joints and present two case studies: a parking structure with structural separation joints between exterior shotcrete shear walls; and a hospital campus relying on below- grade expansion joints between buildings with differing foundation systems. In both, the presence of below- grade joints necessitates more complicated detailing and installation.</p><p>Experience shows us the best practice is to waterproof the building, not the void. Performance is best when the below-grade structural walls provide a solid, continuous substrate. Where movement joints cannot be avoided, we recommend designing structural elements to also meet the needs of the waterproofing system.</p>

Investigation of Pressure Losses in Eccentric Inclined Annuli

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rushd ◽  
R. A. Sultan ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
V. Kelessidis
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Power Law Fluids ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Drillpipe Rotation ◽  
Extended Reach Drilling ◽  
Fluid Rheology

Accurate pressure drop estimation is vital in the hydraulic design of annular drillholes in Petroleum Industry. The present study investigates the effects of fluid velocity, fluid type, fluid rheology, drillpipe rotation speed, drillpipe eccentricity and drillhole inclinationon on pressure losses with the presence of cuttings using both experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The eccentricity of the drillpipe is varied in the range of 0 – 100% and it rotates about its own axis at 0 – 150 rpm. The diameter ratio of the simulated drillhole is 0.56 and it is inclined in the range of 0 – 15°. The effects of fluid rheology are addressed by testing power law and yield power law fluids. Both of the laminar and turbulent conditions are experimentally tested and numerically simulated. Experimental data confirmed the validity of current CFD model developed using ANSYS 16.2 platform. The goal of the current work is to develop a comprehensive CFD tool that can be used for modeling the hydraulic conditions associated with hole cleaning in extended reach drilling.

Best Practice to Design Test Cases to Improve Reusability for Automotive Body Electronics System

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 9516-9521
Author(s):  
Seungyong Lee ◽  
Youngheum Kim ◽  
Byounggu Choi ◽  
Jaekyun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automotive Body

Examples of Analysis from an Integrated X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis System Using NRLXRF

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
B. E. Artz ◽  
M. J. Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Parameters Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Methods of correction for matrix differences are required in X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis when the overall composition of the unknowns is substantially different from the available standards. Sample preparation techniques used to minimize matrix differences often require development time and can consume irreplaceable sample material. Alternatively, the increasing computer power available to the analyst and the refinement of computer programs using fundamental parameter calculations has made this approach more attractive.A system-consisting of a Siemens SRS-1 wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS), a KEVEX 0810-A/NS880 energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), software for data collection and manipulation and a 40 element version of the NRLXRF fundamental-parameters analysis program has been put together to simplify XRF analysis of samples lacking standards of a similar composition. This configuration is shown schematically in Figure I.

Hydraulic Design Considerations for the Olmsted Flowline Replacement Project

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cort H. Lambson ◽  
David O. Pitcher ◽  
Daryl Devey ◽  
Mike Mickelson ◽  
Nathaniel Jones
Keyword(s):  
Design Considerations ◽  
Hydraulic Design
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