Departure Time Choice for Recreational Activities by Elderly Nonworkers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1848 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Okola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Personal Transportation

A discrete choice analysis was performed to study the temporal preferences of elderly persons for recreational trips. Departure time choice studies for recreational activities helped in gaining an understanding of flexible travel behavior. Elderly persons form the fastest-growing age groups, and results from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey indicate an increase in travel by elderly persons. This study was the first part in a study of the interaction of age, emerging transport technologies, and activity participation. Modeling departure time choice for elderly persons is critical in understanding the travel needs of an aging population to provide adequate services and enhance efficacy of transport systems and user mobility. The study makes possible an analysis of the impacts on congestion, air quality, and associated mitigation efforts. Results of this study confirm that travel patterns for elderly persons are different from those of the general population; they prefer the earlier part of the day for recreational trips. The implications of increased daytime travel may include the need for additional emergency or incident response units, particularly in rural areas. This study may be used to gauge how to best offer alternative means of transport such that they will be most effective in meeting the demands of nonworkers for nonwork trips.

Optimal Toll Design Problem in Dynamic Traffic Networks with Joint Route and Departure Time Choice

2005 ◽  
Vol 1923 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Joksimovic ◽  
Michiel C. J. Bliemer ◽  
Piet H. L. Bovy
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice

Road pricing is one of the market-based traffic control measures that can influence travel behavior to alleviate congestion on roads. This paper addresses the effects of uniform (constant, fixed) and time-varying (step) tolls on the travel behavior of users on the road network. The problem of determining optimal prices in a dynamic traffic network is considered by applying second-best tolling scenarios imposing tolls only to a subset of links on the network and considering elastic demand. The optimal toll design problem is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem with the road authority (on the upper level) setting the tolls and the travelers (on the lower level) who respond by changing their travel decisions (route and departure time choice). To formulate the optimal toll design problem, the so-called mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) formulation was used, considering the dynamic nature of traffic flows on the one hand and dynamic pricing on the other. Until now, the MPEC formulation has been applied in static cases only. The model structure comprises three interrelated levels: (a) dynamic network loading, (b) route choice and departure time choice, and (c) road pricing level. For solving the optimal toll design problem in dynamic networks, a simple search algorithm is used to determine the optimal toll pattern leading to optimization of the objective function of the road authority subject to dynamic traffic assignment constraints. Nevertheless, uniform and time-varying pricing is analyzed, and a small hypothetical network is considered.

scholarly journals Departure Time Choice (DTC) Behavior for Intercity Travel during a Long-Holiday in Bangkok, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bhawat Chaichannawatik ◽  
Kunnawee Kanitpong ◽  
Thirayoot Limanond
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Intercity Travel ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice

Time-of-day (TOD) or departure time choice (DTC) has become an interesting issue over two decades. Many researches have intensely focused on time-of-day or departure time choice study, especially workday departures. However, the travel behavior during long-holiday/intercity travel has received relatively little attention in previous studies. This paper shows the characteristics of long-holiday intercity travel patterns based on 2012 New Year data collected in Thailand with a specific focus on departure time choice of car commuters due to traffic congestion occurring during the beginning of festivals. 590 interview data were analyzed to provide more understanding of general characteristics of DTC behavior for intercity travel at the beginning of a Bangkok long-holiday. Moreover, the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) was used to find the car-based DTC model. The results showed that travelers tend to travel at the peak period when the parameters of personal and household are not so significant, in contrast to the trip-related characteristics and holiday variables that play important roles in traveler decision on departure time choice. Finally, some policies to distribute travel demand and reduce the repeatable traffic congestion at the beginning of festivals are recommended.

scholarly journals Identifying and Segmenting Commuting Behavior Patterns Based on Smart Card Data and Travel Survey Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Pengfei Lin ◽  
Jiancheng Weng ◽  
Dimitrios Alivanistos ◽  
Siyong Ma ◽  
Baocai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Smart Card ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Smart Card Data ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Commuting Patterns

Understanding commuting patterns could provide effective support for the planning and operation of public transport systems. One-month smart card data and travel behavior survey data in Beijing were integrated to complement the socioeconomic attributes of cardholders. The light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) was introduced to identify the commuting patterns considering the spatiotemporal regularity of travel behavior. Commuters were further divided into fine-grained clusters according to their departure time using the latent Dirichlet allocation model. To enhance the interpretation of the behavior patterns in each cluster, we investigated the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the residence locations and commuter cluster distributions. Approximately 3.1 million cardholders were identified as commuters, accounting for 67.39% of daily passenger volume. Their commuting routes indicated the existence of job–house imbalance and excess commuting in Beijing. We further segmented commuters into six clusters with different temporal patterns, including two-peak, staggered shifts, flexible departure time, and single-peak. The residences of commuters are mainly concentrated in the low housing price and high or medium population density areas; subway facilities will promote people to commute using public transport. This study will help stakeholders optimize the public transport networks, scheduling scheme, and policy accordingly, thus ameliorating commuting within cities.

scholarly journals Modeling the Morning Commute Problem in a Bottleneck Model Based on Personal Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiao Guo ◽  
Huijun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Choice ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Bottleneck Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Living Area

This paper studies the travel behavior of travelers who drive from the living area through the highway to the work area during the morning rush hours. The bottleneck model based on personal perception travel behavior has been investigated. Based on their willingness to arrive early, travelers can be divided into two categories: active travelers and negative travelers. Three possible situations have been considered based on travelers’ personal perception. Travelers’ travel choice behaviors are analyzed in detail and equilibrium is achieved with these three situations. The numerical examples show that the departure time choice of the travelers is related not only to the proportion of each type of travelers, but also to personal perceived size.

scholarly journals Usage and User Characteristics—Insights from MOIA, Europe’s Largest Ridepooling Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Nadine Kostorz ◽  
Eva Fraedrich ◽  
Martin Kagerbauer
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobility Solution

New, i.e., shared and digitized, mobility services have been entering urban mobility markets around the globe. Among these new offerings is ridepooling, a mobility solution that bundles requests from passengers with similar routes in real-time and matches them with a vehicle. Ridepooling is quite novel in Germany and knowledge about users, changes in travel behavior, and impacts on the urban traffic system is scarce. To address this gap, we conducted an online survey among users and non-users of MOIA, a German ridepooling provider. Over 12,000 respondents completed the survey. The article presents results on ridepooling users’ characteristics and usage patterns. We found that MOIA users cover all age groups and are multimodal travelers—which leads us to assume that ridepooling enriches mobility portfolios and also serves as an alternative to the private car. MOIA is mostly used occasionally and, in particular, during the evening or the night. A specific focus of the article lies on users with mobility impairments as well as how and by whom ridepooling is used on work-related trips. Both topics are particularly relevant in light of changing travel patterns and transforming urban transport systems towards more sustainability.

An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Teucrium Polium L ◽  
Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

Foundation for the Prevention and Pathological Aspects of Diseases of the Mucous Membranes of the Oral Cavity (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Age Groups

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN KNODEL ◽  
JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA ◽  
CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI ◽  
SUVINEE WIWATWANICH
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Economic Changes

ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.

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